1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 17 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance
2、transportation.Today the car is the most popular【C1 】_of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely【C2】_the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for【C3】_90 percent of all personal【C4】_.Most Americans are able to【C5】_cars. The average price of a【C6】_
3、made car was, $ 500 in 1950, $ 740 in 1960 and up【C7】_$ 750 in 1975. During this period American car manufacturers set about【C8】_their products and work efficiency.Meanwhile, the yearly income of the【C9】_family increased from 1950 to 1975【C10 】_than the price of cars. For this reason, 【C11】_a new ca
4、r takes a smaller【C12】_of a familys total earnings today.In 1951【C13】_it took 8.1 months of an average familys 【C14】_to buy a new car. In 1962, a new car【C15 】_8. 3 months of a familys annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4. 75【C16】_income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically【C17】_to models
5、 from previous years.The【C18 】_of the automobile extends throughout the economy【C19】_the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money【C20】_their cars running than on any other item.1 【C1 】（A）kind（B） means（C） mean（D）types2 【C2 】（A）denied（B） reproduced（C） replaced（D）ridiculed3 【C3 】（A）
6、hardly（B） nearly（C） certainly（D）somehow4 【C4 】（A）trip（B） works（C） business（D）travel5 【C5 】（A）buy（B） sell（C） race（D）see6 【C6 】（A）quickly（B） regularly（C） rapidly（D）recently7 【C7 】（A）on（B） to（C） in（D）about8 【C8 】（A）raising（B） making（C） reducing（D）improving9 【C9 】（A）unusual（B） interested（C） average（D）bi
7、g10 【C10 】（A）slowest（B） equal（C） faster（D）less11 【C11 】（A）bringing（B） obtaining（C） having（D）purchasing12 【C12 】（A）part（B） half（C） number（D）side13 【C13 】（A）clearly（B） proportionally（C） obviously（D）suddenly14 【C14 】（A）income（B） work（C） plants（D）debts15 【C15 】（A）used（B） spent（C） cost（D）needed16 【C16 】（
8、A）months（B） dollar（C） family（D）year17 【C17 】（A）famous（B） quick（C） superior（D）inferior18 【C18 】（A）running（B） notice（C） influence（D）discussion19 【C19 】（A）then（B） so（C） as（D）which20 【C20 】（A）starting（B） leaving（C） keeping（D）repairingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions
9、below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 “We mustnt delay any longer, swallowing is difficult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too, we mustnt delay any longer.“These were the words of Dutchman. Cees Van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die.
10、 Affected with a serious disease, Van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.Van Wendels last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on
11、television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors wh
12、o carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In
13、addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department.Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees Van Wendels doctor, explains how he looks at the question:“Well, its not as if I
14、m planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But thats entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats a very different thing.“Many people, though, are total
15、ly against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that “In the vast majority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for
16、them with their loved ones or familytheres nearly always another question behind the question.“Britain also has a strong tradition of hospicesspecial hospital which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, president of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the
17、 hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesnt take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people: Its very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and
18、 the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.“Many find this prohibition of an individuals right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is i
19、mportant and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. Van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental fight to choose for themselves if they want to die: “What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. And t
20、hat when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?“But “why not?“ is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees Van Wendels death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly
21、a family friend; his wife had only her husbands interests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the-case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.21 What does euthanasia mean?
22、（A）A way of killing oneself（B） A way of ending a patients life naturally（C） The painless killing of people who are incurably ill or very old（D）A murder by the doctor22 How many countries in Europe permit euthanasia?（A）All countries except Holland（B） Only two（C） None（D）Only one23 When euthanasia is c
23、arried out in the Netherlands, the doctor_.（A）can do it according to his own experience（B） should follow the guidelines presented by the Parliament（C） can do it according to patients requests（D）can adopt the advice of the patients family members24 Who is against euthanasia?_.（A）Dr. wilfred Van Qijen
24、（B） Dr. Andrew Ferguson（C） Cicely Saunders（D）Both B and C25 According to those who oppose euthanasia, Cees Van Wendels case_.（A）is a good example（B） is a very valuable example（C） is an exceptional example（D）is a convincing example26 The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerne
25、d many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently
26、 striving for something that is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. O
27、pposition is thus contrasted with cooperation the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict i
28、s not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however,
29、 this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-ea
30、ting animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities
31、 of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory a
32、t the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.26 In the first paragraph, why does the author give the definitions of some terms?_（A）Argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societ
33、ies（B） Smooth out the conflicts in human societies（C） Distinguish between two kinds of opposition（D）Summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation27 According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that_（A）it results in war in most cases（B） it induces efforts to exp
34、and territory（C） it is a kind of opposition among social entities（D）it is essentially a struggle for existence28 The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“(Para. 1) most probably means_（A）betray each other（B） harm one another（C） help to collaborate with each other（D）benefit one another29
35、 The author indicates in the passage that conflict_（A）is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition（B） reflects the struggle among social animals（C） is an opposition among individual social entities（D）can be avoided30 The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“（A）Is war inevit
36、able?（B） Why is there conflict and competition?（C） Is conflict desirable?（D）Can competition lead to conflict?31 The “MyDoom“ virus could presage a generation of computer attacks by organised gangs aiming to extract ransoms from online businesses, experts said yesterday.The warning came as the websit
37、e run by SCO, a company that sells Unix computer software, in effect disappeared from the web under a blizzard of automated attacks from PCs infected by the virus, which first appeared a week ago.The “MyDoom-A“ version of the virus is reckoned to be the worst to have hit the internet, in terms of th
38、e speed of its spread, with millions of PCs worldwide believed to be infected. Such “zombie“ machines begin to send out hundreds of copies of the virus every hour to almost any e-mail address in their files.On Sunday they began sending automated queries to SCOs website, an attack that will continue
39、until 12 February. The attack is the web equivalent of ringing the companys doorbell and running away a million times a second, leaving its computers unable to deal with standard requests to view its pages.“You have to wonder about the time limit“, said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at
40、 the antivirus company Sophos. “Someone could go to SCO after the 12th and say, If you dont want this to happen again, here are our demands“. Raimund Genes, European president of the security software firm Trend Micro, said: “Such a programme could take out any major website on the internet. Its not
41、 terrorism, but it is somebody who is obviously upset with SCO“SCO has earned the enmity of computer users through a lawsuit it has filed against IBM. SCO claims ownership of computer code it says IBM put into the free operating system Linux, and is demanding licence fees and damages of $1bn.Mr. Clu
42、ley said: “It might be that whoever is behind this will say to SCO, if you dont want the next one to target you, drop the lawsuit“. SCO has offered $250,000 (140,000) for information leading to the arrest of the person or people who wrote and distributed MyDoom.Nell Barrett, of the security company
43、Information Risk Management, said, “I would give a lot of credence to the idea of gangs using viruses to extort money. Its hard for law enforcement to track them down, because theyre using machines owned by innocent people“.A second variant of MyDoom will start attacking part of Microsofts website l
44、ater today. The antivirus company MessageLabs said it had blocked more than 16 million copies of the virus in transit over the net so far. But millions more will have reached their targets.31 The onset of a new generation of computer attacks was marked by _.（A）an organization of gangs（B） the infecti
45、on of PCs（C） the sale of a software（D）a websites vanishing32 What does the word “they“ (Para. 4) refer toy _.（A）organized gangs.（B） PCs infected.（C） copies of the virus.（D）their files.33 It can Be inferred from the text that the purpose of the attack could be _.（A）to render the doorbell of the compa
46、ny useless（B） to prevent those nonstandard requests to visit（C） to make some demands of the company（D）to cancel some websites hated by terrorists34 Neil Barretts remarks are quoted to show _.（A）experts different understandings of intention of the attack（B） the difficulty to find out the gangs behind
47、 this act（C） peoples doubt about winning the lawsuit against sca（D）the problem with the security of information management35 This text is most probably taken from _.（A）a newspaper magazine（B） a technicians report（C） a college textbook（D）a science thesis36 Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Inte
48、rnet, said on Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Earth and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outer space.“The Internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet“, Cerf told the first day of the annual conference of the Interne
49、t Society in Geneva where more than 1,500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of the InternetCerf believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbiting another planet such as Mars. “There is now an effort under way to design and build an interplanetary Internet. The
