1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 17 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Prescribe a Medicine Square to Come to Promote Intelligence QuotientWhen researchers come up with a new treatment that makes us feel or work better, its
2、usually not just the truly sick who end up going in for an upgrade. The progress in developing treatments for illnesses that ravage memory and thought raises an important question: might the same tools be used to improve the functioning of minds that by most standards are already running fairly smoo
3、thly? We may well be approaching an era of designer brains, in which those of us feeling a little foggy or dull can have our IQ, fast recall, and self-confidence inflated up via the prescription pad. “Some brain-related conditions we think of as ordinary,“ says Lynch, “may eventually become disorder
4、s, too“ including perhaps less-than-razor-sharp thinking.The notion of a prescription IQ lift is hardly new. According to polls, about one in 20 college students, and higher percentages of professors, already illicitly pop some form of Ritalin or Modafinillegitimately prescribed for attention-defici
5、t disorder and narcolepsy, respectivelyto augment alertness, concentration, and memory. But these drugs have proved only mildly effective on normal minds, and carry potentially severe side effects ranging from addiction to overstimulation.Scientists had originally hoped that the decoding of the huma
6、n genome would lead quickly to small groups of genes that control major mental disorders and traits, be the Alzheimers disease, intelligence, or personality. That hasnt been the case; individual genes turn out in most cases to only weakly affect the brain, with most illnesses emerging from the inter
7、action of large, complex networks of hundreds of genes.That challenge hasnt kept researchers from tracking down many of the genes in these networks to chip away at the genetic roots of mental disordersand to come up with possible treatments based on some of those findings. The result is that medicin
8、e may allow us to challenge our genetic inheritance and repair environmental insults to the brain, whether as Alzheimers sufferers or just moody, forgetful people and hazy thinkers. Techniques undergoing testing now include altering genes within brain cells, or even pushing genes into creating altog
9、ether new brain cells. Neurologix in Fort Lee, New Jersey, for example, is developing brain-related gene therapies, which involve injecting harmless viruses that insert custom-built genes into cells. Though other experimental gene therapies have in the past often caused severe and even fatal side ef
10、fects, Neurologix hopes to avoid them by targeting the viruses only at those cells that need repairing.In Fact, We wont necessarily have to turn to these more radical therapies to sharpen our thinking. The genetic and other new scientific insights into the brain are also helping to point the way to
11、new drugs targeted at brain disordersdrugs that may also end up being taken as smart drugs by many of us without serious disorders.1 What does the first sentence of the passage imply?（A）Researchers always bring forth new and upgraded cures for illness.（B） Sick people are anxiously looking forward to
12、 new treatments.（C） Normal people tend to use the new treatment to be smarter.（D）New and upgraded treatment should make us feel or work better.2 Which of the following about Ritalin is NOT true?（A）It effectively cures attention-deficit disorder and narcolepsy.（B） It should be legally obtained on pre
13、scription.（C） It helps to improve attention and memory problems.（D）It may potentially lead to addiction problems.3 What can we learn from the third paragraph?（A）Alzheimers diseases genes have been decoded after the decoding of human genome.（B） Brain diseases usually are the outcome of interaction of
14、 complicated groups of genes.（C） The scientists findings on genes have quickly leaded to understanding of mental diseases.（D）Complexity had stopped researchers from coming up with treatment to mental diseases.4 From the forth paragraph, we can learn that_.（A）Breakthrough in medicine has made it poss
15、ible for human to defy genetics（B） Genes have been used successfully to create brain cells（C） Gene therapies could be harmlessly employed in brain cell repairing in the future（D）The envionment has a much more powerful effect on brain than genetics5 The passage mainly talks about_.（A）brain disease an
16、d the relative treatment（B） scientific insight into brain disease and wrong ideas about medicine（C） how to make people become smarter（D）the scientific breakthrough in brain damage treatment5 DamIts impossible to write about how human activities are altering the climate, that trivial humanity cannot
17、possibly alter such a giant system through loading the atmosphere with an additional 0.000115 percentage points of carbon dioxide.Unfortunately for the denialists, examples of how human activities can alter climate keep accumulating. The latest has nothing to do with the greenhouse effect but underl
18、ines the fact that ordinary activities can have unexpected meteorological consequences. So we infer large dams seem to be altering rainfall patterns. It is becoming clearer that in addition to providing lots of water to evaporate and then return to the ground as rainfall, dams also make local meteor
19、ological conditions more helpful to rainfall.In particular, explain Faisal Hossain of Tennessee Technological University, dams increase atmospheric instabilities in the vertical profile of temperature and humidity. Those instabilities arise because the presence of a dam increases evaporation and the
20、re-fore atmospheric moisture. That enhances the amount of corrective energy in the air above the reservoir. The end result: more rainfall.Weather records support this theoretical reasoning. For one thing, there are more thunderstorms in the vicinity of a large dam compared with before the dam was bu
21、ilt. For another, large dams are contributing to the “when it rains, it pours“ phenomenon: longer periods without rainfall punctuated by drenching, flood-inducing downpours.The significance of dams altering local weather is not merely another example of the power of human activities to change the cl
22、imate. There is also a more practical issue. When dams are constructed, engineers make assumptions about how frequently large floods will occur, and they build the dam to withstand them. But if the uncommon flood occurs more frequently because of the very presence of a dam, that calculation is wrong
23、, and the dam may be subjected to more frequent and more extreme flood-inducing downpours.As one researcher warns, it is therefore possible that a large dam may be found years later to actually have been designed for a flood with a much lower recurrence interval (or higher frequency) than originally
24、 expected because the frequency of extreme precipitation events has increased due to the reservoirs presence. Such a possibility raises concerns about dam safety. That risk is compounded by the fact that conventional dam and reservoir design over the past century has been one-way, with no acknow-led
25、gment of the possible feedback mechanisms between the presence of a dam and rainfall. “Indeed, dam design protocol in civil engineering continues to assume unchanging patterns of extreme rainfall events.“ The risk is also compounded by the age of dams: some 85 percent of large dams in the United Sta
26、tes will be more than 5 0 years old by 2020.If only the idea that “no one does anything about the weather“ were true.6 What is TRUE according to the first paragraph?（A）It is impossible for human activities to alter the climate.（B） Slight add of carbon dioxide can change climate system.（C） Most peopl
27、e dont believe tiny human activities will affect climate.（D）Articles about human and environment relationship need prudence.7 Why does the author refer to dams in the second paragraph?（A）To point out dams unexpected climatic function.（B） To introduce dams water-providing function.（C） To make it clea
28、r how rainfall is formed.（D）To brief the traditional use of dams.8 Which of following is TRUE about the relationship between dams and rainfall?（A）Atmospheric stabilities increase the evaporation.（B） There were fewer thunderstorms before the dam was built.（C） Rainfall leads to more amount of convecti
29、ve energy in the air.（D）Large dams lead to a long period without rainfall at all.9 If a dam causes more uncommon-flood occurrences, that means_.（A）the dam is certain to suffer more frequent heavy storm（B） the construction of more dame is practically needed（C） engineers original assumptions about flo
30、od frequency need revising（D）the dam engineers build to withstand large flood serves its purpose10 Which of the following is NOT the concern about conventional dam?（A）It is designed without consideration of the possible feedback mechanism.（B） It is built on the basis of constant assumption of extrem
31、e rainfall events.（C） A large percent of conventional dams are more than 40 years old now.（D）The presence of conventional dam leads to hither flood recurrence interval.10 The Monitor and Prevention and Cure of FluThere is a joke among flu researchers: “If youve seen one flu season, youve seen. . . o
32、ne flu season.“ The translation, for those not up on epidemiological humor: the joke is humorous commentary on the unpredictable nature of the flu virus. Every year it looks different, and every strain follows its own pattern. This is not just a quirk that frustrates scientistsits the reason new str
33、ains like H1N1 are impossible to anticipate and fully prepare for.“ I know less about influenza today than I did 10 years ago,“ quips Dr. Michael Osterholm, director of the Minnesota Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance and a former adviser to the U. S. Department of Health a
34、nd Human Services. “Every stone weve turned over, we get more questions than we do answers.“The flu returns every season and the world periodically experiences catastrophic pandemics, but epidemiologists still do not understand why some strains evolve to infect people and others do not; they are not
35、 entirely sure about how the flu is transmitted; nor do they understand why some patients become fatally ill while others develop minimal symptoms. As a result, when a new strain shows uplike H1N1they often have little information to fall back on, and the lessons of previous pandemics are only somew
36、hat helpful. While epidemiologists are still putting together a complete picture of H1N1, for example, its most striking difference with the seasonal flu is that the elderly are not the most vulnerable population. And when H1N1 does cause serious illness, patients develop different complica-tions(th
37、at are more difficult to treat) than those with seasonal flu. “Its very different death,“ says Osterholm.The Centers for Disease Control currently maintains six different categories of flu-surveillance programs, but has rolled out new measures this year in order to monitor H1N1s most worrying featur
38、es. The backbone of its routine surveillance systems is not designed to count individual flu cases, but rather to get general indicators of how the flu is and which strains are in circulation. Uncertainty about the fast-moving H1N1 prompted the CDC to begin asking state health departments to report
39、the number of hospitalizations and deaths caused by influenza, and it is still adjusting the methods for calculating the diseases impact. Even the methods for counting the number of those who died of H1N1 is uncertain: on Tuesday, The New York Times reported that the CDC will revise its estimates of
40、 H1N1 deaths to 4,000 from 1,200. This revised figure is the result of a new calculation that encompasses fatal cases confirmed via lab tests to have been caused by H1N1, as well as hospital reports of deaths that “appear to have been brought on“ by the flu.11 The joke was mentioned to mainly indica
41、te_.（A）the humorous flu researchers（B） the frustration of scientists（C） the uncertainty of flu virus（D）the fully anticipation of H1N112 What can we learn from Dr. Michael Osterholms words?（A）The variability of flu virus.（B） He has quited the study of flu.（C） the degeneracy of flu study.（D）Every flu
42、virus can be conquered.13 Researchers often find little thing to consult when facing a new strain because_.（A）the previous lessons are all useless（B） every strain follows its own pattern（C） some strains dont infect people（D）some pandemics have no symptoms14 The passage suggests that H1N1 _.（A）affect
43、s the elder people the most（B） brings on other disease hard to treat（C） has been interpreted completely by now（D）resembles the seasonal flu in symptoms15 We can learn from the passage that the CDC_.（A）Maintains six different programs on H1N1（B） will decrease its estimates of H1N1 deaths（C） abandoned
44、 its H1N1 impact study methods（D）wants to make out which strains are stirring15 Encourage Young Americans See the Would AtoroadThe good old days of Arthur Frommers “Europe on $ 5 a Day“ are long gone. With exchange rates this month reaching a high of $ 1. 59 to the euro, American travelers are payin
45、g more than 50 Percent more for hotels, food and other expenses throughout Europe. Thats if they can even afford to get there. Depending on the destination, intenational travel tickets are as much as $ 350 more expensive than last year, according rick Seaney, Ceo of FareCompare. com, a discount trav
46、el site. The reason for the rising ticket prices: fuel surcharges and interna- tional travel taxes, both of which have increased this year.That may explain why STA Travelthe largest student and youth travel organization in the worldhas seen an initial 20 percent decrease in students traveling to Eur
47、ope. “There is no doubt that the impact of the economy, fuel prices and exchange rates have affected travel,“ says Kristen Celko,vice president of marketing and e-commerce for STA Travel North America.Not all would-be backpackers are staying home. “The interesting thing about the student market, tho
48、ugh, is that they have a finite time to travel before they have to work,“ says Celko. “So theyre usually resilient in traveling anyway. “ So where are kids going? WTA Travel has seen a modest increase in students traveling to Latin and South America, Asia and Australia. According to Celko, while its
49、 not necessarily cheaper to get those destinations, the dollar goes much farther once they arrive. Still, its far from free. “Ive heard about little deals here and there, but that doesnt even begin to cover the expenses once you get there,“ said 23-year-old nursing student Maggie Payne, referring to the costs of food, souvenirs and other miscellaneous expenses. “ And then theres entertainment, which is the point of traveling,“ she says. “That all really adds up, as well.“Of cou
