1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 2 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?【C1】_an event t
2、akes place, newspapers are on the streets【C2】_the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to【C3 】_the news. Newspapers have one basic【C4 】_, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to【C5】_it.Radio, telegraph, t
3、elevision, and【C6】_inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 【C7】 _, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the【C8】_and thus the effi
4、ciency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are【 C9】_and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields.Besides keeping readers【C10】_of the latest news, todays newspapers【 C11】_and influence readers about politics and other important and serious m
5、atters. Newspapers influence readers economic choices【C12】_advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very【C13 】 _. Newspapers are sold at a price that【C14】_even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main【C15】_of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The【C
6、16】_in selling advertising depends on a newspapers value to advertisers. This【C17】_in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends【C18】_on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment【C19】_in a newspapers pages. But for the most part, c
7、irculation depends on a newspapers value to readers as a source of information【C20】_the community, city, country, state, nation, and worldand even outer space.1 【C1 】（A）Just when（B） While（C） Soon after（D）Before2 【C2 】（A）to give（B） giving（C） given（D）being given3 【C3 】（A）gather（B） spread（C） carry（D）br
8、ing4 【C4 】（A）reason（B） cause（C） problem（D）purpose5 【C5 】（A）make（B） publish（C） know（D）write6 【C6 】（A）another（B） other（C） one another（D）the other7 【C7 】（A）However（B） And（C） Therefore（D）So8 【C8 】（A）value（B） ratio（C） rate（D）speed9 【C9 】（A）spread（B） passed（C） printed（D）completed10 【C10 】（A）inform（B） be i
9、nformed（C） to informed（D）informed11 【C11 】（A）entertain（B） encourage（C） educate（D）edit12 【C12 】（A）on（B） through（C） with（D）of13 【C13 】（A）forms（B） existence（C） contents（D）purpose14 【C14 】（A）tries to cover（B） manages to cover（C） fails to cover（D）succeeds in15 【C15 】（A）source（B） origin（C） course（D）financ
10、e16 【C16 】（A）way（B） means（C） chance（D）success17 【C17 】（A）measures（B） measured（C） is measured（D）was measured18 【C18 】（A）somewhat（B） little（C） much（D）something19 【C19 】（A）offering（B） offered（C） which offered（D）to be offered20 【C20 】（A）by（B） with（C） at（D）aboutPart ADirections: Read the following four t
11、exts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldnt it?New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. M
12、akers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So its up to consume
13、rs to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that cant be digested at
14、all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠) “grab“ molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the
15、essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It j
16、ust slides unchanged through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that make olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics
17、say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, so
18、me nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.21 We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that _.（A）contains plenty of nutrients（B） renders foods calorie-free
19、while retaining their vitamins（C） makes foods easily digestible（D）makes foods fat-free while keeping them delicious22 The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be_.（A）commercially useless（B） just as anticipated（C） somewhat controversial（D）quite unexpected23 Olestra is diffe
20、rent from ordinary fats in that_.（A）it passes through the intestines without being absorbed（B） it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the body（C） it helps reduce the incidence of heart disease（D）it prevents excessive intake of vitamins24 What is a possible negative effect of olestra according
21、to some critics?（A）It may impair the digestive system.（B） It may affect the overall fat intake.（C） It may increase the risk of cancer.（D）It may spoil the consumers appetite.25 Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?（A）It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.（B） Peop
22、le may be induced to eat more than is necessary.（C） The function of the intestines may be weakened.（D）It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.25 The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unpa
23、ralleled increase in global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the worlds top five public relations agencies were American-o
24、wned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies. It may not be long before
25、 London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Am
26、erican lags behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshalls U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second
27、language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publicati
28、ons not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign“ would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world
29、so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.26 According to the passage, U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of_.（A）shrinking cultural differences and new communication technologies（B） increased efforts of other countries in public relations（C） an
30、 unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies（D）the decreasing number of multinational corporations technologies27 The underlined word “provincial“ (Line 2,Para 3) most probably means “_“.（A）rigid in thinking（B） interested in world financial affairs（C） like people from the provi
31、nces（D）limited in outlook28 London could soon replace New York as the centre of PR because_.（A）British companies place more importance on PR than U. S. companies（B） British companies are heavily involved in planning activities（C） British companies are more ambitious than U. S.（D）Four of the worlds t
32、op public relations agencies are British-owned29 We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry（A）enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications（B） speak at least one foreign language fluently（C） are ignorant about world geography（D）are not as sophistica
33、ted as their European counterparts30 What lesson might be the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?（A）The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies.（B） People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign“.（C） American PR companies should be more internationally
34、minded.（D）People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.30 British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in th
35、e British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukemianot the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease.“Childhood leukemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection,“ said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer exp
36、ert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection. “ Doll was commenting on
37、the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have
38、 failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclea
39、r staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing,“ Dickinson said in a statemen
40、t issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer,Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resu
41、lted in the disease.31 Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukemia by infection?（A）Leo Kinlen.（B） Richard Doll.（C） Louise Parker.（D）Heather Dickinson.32 Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parkers new findings?（A）Radiation has contributed to the disease.
42、（B） Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large town increases the risk of childhood leukemia.（C） Population mixing is the most important reason for leukemia cluster.（D）Childhood leukemia is caused by an unusual infection.33 According to the passage, which of the following is true?（A）Most peo
43、ple believe childhood leukemia is due to environmental factors.（B） Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukemia.（C） Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukemia.（D）Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukemia.34 Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a_.（
44、A）medical journal（B） research institute（C） private company（D）governmental agency35 This passage is mainly about_.（A）the cluster of leukemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing part（B） the kind of infection that causes childhood leukemia（C） the causes of childhood leukemia（D）a new findin
45、g by British scientists35 Forget Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The theme song of this recession might well be “Mother, Can You Write a Check?“ The distressing economy has resulted in increasing numbers of parents and grandparents helping out their strapped adult children and grandkids with home dow
46、n payments, credit-card bailouts (紧急财政援助) , and spare cashoften at the same time as parents are trying to confront new retirement budgets.“We are seeing a ton of this,“ says Ross Levin, in Edina, Minn. , a financial adviser. “Sometimes its a great idea and sometimes it is not. You have to make sure
47、you put on your own oxygen mask first. “Some 62 percent of visitors to Grandparents, com have helped their kids financially in the past year, with 70 percent of that group handing over cash to help their adult children and grandchildren with daily expenses, says the sites CEO, Jerry Shereshewsky. An
48、other popular category is housing; in the last year many parents have coughed up down payments to help their kids get into homes while the 8,000 first-time home buyers credit was in effectThen theres the debt-bailout situation. A survey recently conducted by Creditcards. com for Newsweek found that
49、42 percent of folks with adult children have helped them pay off car loans, credit cards, medical bills, and more.None of this is surprising to Shereshewsky, who sees the trend as a natural result of changing families and the distribution of wealth. “This is where all the money isand its where the money is, despite the fact that weve had this meltdown. “ In general, the baby-boom generation is far wealthier than their chi
