1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 76 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according
2、to a new study on population published recently.The current approach which【C1】_on younger people and on skills for employment is not【C2 】_to meet the challenges of demographic(人口结构的)change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is【C3】_spent on the oldest third of the population.The【C4 】_include t
3、he fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in【C5】_, that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are【C6】_state pension age.【C7 】_needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources【C8】_young peo
4、ple cannot meet the new【C9 】_,“ says the reports author, Professor Stephen McNair.The major【 C10】_of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25.【C11 】_people are changing their jobs,【C12】_, partners and lifestyles more often than【 C13】_, they need opportunities to learn at every age
5、.【C14】_, some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.People need opportunities to make a“ midlife review“ to【C15】_to the later stages of employed life, and to plan for the transition【C16】_retirement, which may now happen【C17 】_at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.And there sh
6、ould be more money【C18】_to support people in establishing a【C19】_of identity and finding constructive【C20】_for the “third age“ , the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.1 【C1 】（A）operates（B） focuses（C） counts（D）depends2 【C2 】（A）superior（B） regular（C） essential（D）adequate3 【C3 】（
7、A）currently（B） barely（C） anxiously（D）heavily4 【C4 】（A）regulations（B） obstacles（C） challenges（D）guidelines5 【C5 】（A）enjoyment（B） retirement（C） stability（D）inability6 【C6 】（A）over（B） after（C） across（D）beside7 【C7 】（A）Indentifying（B） Learning（C） Instructing（D）Practicing8 【C8 】（A）at（B） by（C） in（D）on9 【C
8、9 】（A）desires（B） realms（C） needs（D）intentions10 【C10 】（A）measure（B） ratio（C） area（D）portion11 【C11 】（A）When（B） Until（C） Whether（D）Before12 【C12 】（A）neighbors（B） moods（C） homes（D）minds13 【C13 】（A）ago（B） ever（C） previously（D）formerly14 【C14 】（A）For example（B） By contrast（C） In particular（D）On average1
9、5 【C15 】（A）transform（B） yield（C） adjust（D）suit16 【C16 】（A）within（B） from（C） beyond（D）to17 【C17 】（A）unfairly（B） unpredictably（C） instantly（D）indirectly18 【C18 】（A）reliable（B） considerable（C） available（D）feasible19 【C19 】（A）sense（B） conscience（C） project（D）definition20 【C20 】（A）ranks（B） assets（C） idea
10、ls（D）rolesPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 When next year s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, theyll be joined by a new face : Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old pr
11、ovost(教务长)of Yale , wholl become Oxford s vice-chancellora position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big a
12、nd competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it s gone global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, w
13、hen the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university s budget. “We didn t do any global consideration,“ says Patricia Hayes, the board s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-
14、year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents; fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U. S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and
15、 necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hirin
16、g committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003 , when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had over
17、seen “ a major strengthening of Yale s financial position. “Of course, fund-raising isn t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global stu
18、dent body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.21 What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?（A）Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U. S.（B） A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.（C） American
19、 universities are enrolling more international students.（D）University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.22 What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?（A）The political correctness.（B） Their ability to raise funds.（C） Their fame
20、in academic circles.（D）Their administrative experience.23 What do we learn about European universities from the passage?（A）The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.（B） Their operation is under strict government supervision.（C） They are strengthening their position by globalization.（D）M
21、ost of their revenues come from the government.24 Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because_.（A）she was known to be good at raising money（B） she could help strengthen its ties with Yale（C） she knew how to attract students overseas（D）she had boosted Yale s a
22、cademic status25 In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?（A）They can enhance the universitys image.（B） They will bring with them more international faculty.（C） They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.（D）They can set up new academic disci
23、plines.25 Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As
24、the potential First Lady, she would have the world s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seem
25、s to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who can t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married , alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women
26、 are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.It won t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular
27、 African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-Am
28、erican blogs have written about what they d like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just
29、 a little of her poise(沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that s been around for far too long.26 Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?（A）She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.（B） She will present to
30、the world a new image of African-American women.（C） She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.（D）She serves as a role model for African women.27 What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?（A）They are victims of family violence.（B） They are of a
31、n inferior social group.（C） They use quite a lot of body language.（D）They live on charity and social welfare.28 What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?（A）Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.（B） How Michelle should behave as a public figure.（C） How pro
32、ud they are to have a black woman in the White House.（D）What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.29 What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?（A）However many fans she has, she should remain modest.（B） She shouldnt disappoint the African-American community.（C）
33、 However hard she tries, she cant expect to please everybody.（D）She will give priority to African-American womens concerns.30 What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?（A）Help change the prevailing view about black women.（B） Help her husband in the task of changing America.（C）
34、Outshine previous First Lady.（D）Fully display her fine qualities.30 There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying,
35、as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends(红利).A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium(额外收益)to skill“or the amount college graduates earned that s greater
36、than what high-school graduates earneddecreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance(报复)since the 1980s. In 2005 , the typical full-time year-round U. S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50 900, 62% more than the $31 500 earned by a worker with only a high-s
37、chool diploma.There s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University(tuition, room and board $49 260 i
38、n 2007-2008)yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student($ 35 542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student($17 380)there? Not
39、 likely.No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer productlike a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.As with automobiles, consumers in today s college marketplace
40、have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences(such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state publi
41、c school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students(or, more accurately, their parents)often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it
42、? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world s hottest consumer trend, maybe it s best to characterize it as a hybrid(混合动力汽车): an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.31 What s the opinion of eco
43、nomists about going to college?（A）Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.（B） It doesnt pay to run into debt to receive a college education.（C） College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.（D）Going to college doesnt necessarily bring the expected returns.32 The
44、two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century,_.（A）enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities（B） the labor market preferred high-school graduates to college graduates（C） competition for university admissions was far more fierce than
45、 today（D）the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed33 Students who attend an in-state college or university can_.（A）save more on tuition（B） receive a better education（C） take more liberal-arts courses（D）avoid traveling long distances34 In this consumerist age, most pa
46、rents_.（A）regard college education as a wise investment（B） place a premium on the prestige of the college（C） think it crucial to send their children to college（D）consider college education a consumer product35 What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?（A）Their employment p
47、rospects after graduation.（B） A satisfying experience within their budgets.（C） Its facilities and learning environment.（D）Its ranking among similar institutions.35 The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians al
48、ike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong
49、. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the f
