1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 101 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The physical manifestations of technological change surround us, affecting almost everything we do. The way we shop, the way shops are supplied, leisure
2、 activities, the way we organize travel, vehiclesall these have changed over the past 30 years or so. And major changes are occurring in the way we work.One of the most visible social manifestations of “chips with everything“ is the all-pervasive use of mobile phones. Technology has changed who we c
3、an talk to at any given timewe are not so limited by where we are or who we are with.This has a ripple effect on the nature of communication as a whole and of peoples attitudes to it. Old models of communicationwhat you say to whom, and whereare being replaced by anytime, anywhere communication. Tha
4、t we may be microwaving our brains in the process is only one of the issues raised.The Internet, too, is beginning to transform the way we do things. New models are developing of how information is published and accessed. New types of communities, based on interest and accident, are emerging. Your c
5、hild and his friend on their video game consoles have become part of a global community, playing with kids in the US, Malaysia and Lithuania on a daily basis. Shouldnt they be kicking a ball around in the park with the kids from the next street?For someone working, these new technologies make them m
6、ore constantly available, and increase expectations of a rapid response. It can mean their home life is invadedor it can mean that they do not need to go to a particular place to access information.Society is changing under the impact of these new technologies. But we are not sure how, nor if it is
7、for the better. And we dont yet know how to respond to the social and ethical challenges that are arising. The first priority, perhaps, is to spot these emerging challenges.1 Which of the following statements best represents the position expressed in the article?（A）If were not careful, technology wi
8、ll ruin our lives.（B） Technology is the key to the worlds future economic development.（C） Technological change may not always be a good thing.（D）Some benefit from technology more than others.2 According to the article, one of the consequences of technological change is that_.（A）children spend more t
9、ime playing outside（B） old models of communication are being replaced（C） every single person has a mobile phone（D）vehicles have become more expensive3 The author suggests that children should be outside kicking a ball around rather than_.（A）researching technological change（B） playing video games（C）
10、going to school（D）traveling to other countries such as Malaysia4 It can be learned from the text that technological change_.（A）makes life more convenient for all people（B） keeps children from kicking a ball around in the park（C） can lead to the invasion of a persons home life（D）particularly affects
11、the lives of working people5 The authors attitude towards new technologies is_.（A）skeptical（B） welcoming（C） positive（D）ambivalent5 When it comes to eating, women are less apt to graze under the male gaze. Thats because they feel heavier than other women when men are around.A study of 101 female coll
12、ege students found that women at coeducational schools significantly underestimate the body size of their peers. Women at single-sex schools are far more accurate in their estimates. This error may have dire consequences. Catherine Sanderson, Ph.D., an assistant professor of psychology at Amherst Co
13、llege, found that women who erroneously believe their peers are thinner than they themselves are have higher rates of eating disorders.Students at co-ed Amherst College and all-female Smith College answered questions about their ideal body size, their estimate of the average womans height and weight
14、, and how often they thought the average woman exercises. They also answered questions about their own eating habits.Sandersons findings, recently presented to the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, show that only the women attending co-ed Amherst wrongly perceived their peers to be thin
15、ner than they themselves were. Among this group, “the thinnest women are the only ones who feel normal,“says Sanderson.Sanderson attributes this to social discourse. She speculates that women want to emphasize their femininity and fitness when men are around, so they talk more about skipped meals or
16、 long workouts but dont mention embarrassing binges or lapses in their exercise regimens. As a result, women wrongly assume that their peers eat less, weigh less and exercise more than they actually do.Women at Amherst who believed they were heavier than average were more likely to display signs of
17、eating disorders, while women with the same belief at Smith did not have a higher rate of exhibiting such signs. Previous work by Sanderson suggests that if women are told they are misjudging other womens weight, disordered eating may decline.6 The word “dire“(line 3, para. 2)most probably means “_“
18、.（A）terrible（B） unforeseen（C） damning（D）derelict7 Which group in the study had misconceptions about the body size of their peers?（A）Female college students.（B） Female students at co-ed schools.（C） Female students at all-female schools.（D）Female students at primarily male schools.8 According to Sande
19、rsons research, who is more likely to have an eating disorder?（A）A woman who lacks a serious exercise regimen.（B） A woman who incorrectly believes her peers are thinner than she is.（C） A woman who does not attend a co-educational institution.（D）A woman whose family has a history of eating disorders.
20、9 When does Sanderson speculate women dont mention lapses in their exercise regimens?（A）When they are at the gym.（B） When they are around their peers.（C） When men are present.（D）When they assume that their peers exercise more than they actually do.10 According to the article, how might eating disord
21、ers be reduced?（A）By eliminating co-ed colleges.（B） By emphasizing exercise in college curriculums.（C） By commissioning more studies to research the effect of co-ed institutions on womens body image.（D）By telling women that they are incorrect in their judgments of other womens body weight.10 If you
22、arent already paralyzed with stress from reading the financial news, heres a sure way to achieve that grim state: read a medical-journal article that examines what stress can do to your brain. Stress, youll learn, is crippling your neurons. Thats assuming you havent already died by then of some othe
23、r stress-related ailment such as heart disease. As we enter what is sure to be a long period of uncertaintya gantlet of lost jobs, dwindling assets, home foreclosures and two continuing warsthe downside of stress is certainly worth exploring. But what about the upside? Its not something we hear much
24、 about.In the past several years, a lot of us have convinced ourselves that stress is unequivocally negative for everyone, all the time. Weve blamed stress for a wide variety of problems, from slight memory lapses to full-on dementiaand thats just in the brain.Sure, stress can be bad for you, especi
25、ally if you react to it with anger or depression or by downing five glasses of Scotch. But whats often overlooked is a common-sense counterpoint: in some circumstances, it can be good for you, too. As Spencer Rathus puts it in “Psychology: Concepts and Connections,“ “some stress is healthy and neces
26、sary to keep us alert and occupied.“ “The public has gotten such a uniform message that stress is always harmful,“ says Janet DiPietro, a developmental psychologist at Johns Hopkins University. “And thats too bad, because most people do their best under mild to moderate stress.“The stress responseth
27、e bodys hormonal reaction to danger, uncertainty or changeevolved to help us survive, and if we learn how to keep it from overrunning our lives, it still can. In the short term, it can energize us. In the long term, stress can motivate us to do better at jobs we care about. A little of it can prepar
28、e us for a lot later on, making us more resilient. Even when its extreme, stress may have some positive effectswhich is why, in addition to posttraumatic stress disorder, some psychologists are starting to define a phenomenon called posttraumatic growth. “Theres really a biochemical and scientific b
29、ias that stress is bad, but anecdotally and clinically, its quite evident that it can work for some people,“ says Orloff. “We need a new wave of research with a more balanced approach to how stress can serve us.“ Otherwise, were all going to spend far more time than we should stressing ourselves out
30、 about the fact that were stressed out.11 It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that_.（A）financial news cause stress because they are too professional to understand（B） unemployment is not as serious a problem as home foreclosures（C） many people died because of stress-caused damage of neurons（D）people
31、often neglect the good part that stress can bring to them12 The underlined word in Paragraph 2 means_.（A）absolutely（B） partially（C） variously（D）equally13 By mentioning Spencer Rathuss work, the author intends to_.（A）recommend this book to people with great stress（B） manifest his opinion is different
32、 from that of Janet DiPietro（C） prove that stress does have positive effect on people（D）demonstrate peoples bias towards stresss effect14 Which of the following is not true according to the passage?（A）More should be done to examine the exact way stress affects us.（B） Stress can cause memory loss, ev
33、en dementia.（C） People may become more adaptable because of stress.（D）The stress response emerged for humans survival.15 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）People have bias over stress（B） The upside of stress, long ignored but true（C） The mechanism of posttraumatic growth
34、（D）Stress s harm to people s health15 The stretch of the Pacific between Hawaii and California is virtually empty. There are no islands, no shipping lanes, no human presence for thousands of milesjust sea, sky and rubbish. The prevailing currents cause flotsam from around the world to accumulate in
35、a vast becalmed patch of ocean. In places, there are a million pieces of plastic per square kilometre. That can mean as much as 112 times more plastic than plankton, the first link in the marine food chain. All this adds up to perhaps 100m tonnes of floating garbage, and more is arriving every day.W
36、herever people have beenand some places where they have notthey have left waste behind. Litter lines the worlds roads; dumps dot the landscape; slurry and sewage slosh into rivers and streams. Up above, thousands of fragments of defunct spacecraft careen through space, and occasionally more debris i
37、s produced by collisions such as the one that destroyed an American satellite in mid-February. Ken Noguchi, a mountaineer, estimates that he has collected nine tonnes of rubbish from the slopes of Mount Everest during five clean-up expeditions. There is still plenty left.The average Westerner produc
38、es over 500kg of municipal waste a yearand that is only the most obvious portion of the rich worlds discards. In Britain, for example, municipal waste from households and businesses makes up just 24% of the total. In addition, both developed and developing countries generate vast quantities of const
39、ruction and demolition debris, industrial effluent, mine tailings, sewage residue and agricultural waste. Extracting enough gold to make a typical wedding ring, for example, can generate three tonnes of mining waste.Rubbish may be universal, but it is little studied and poorly understood. Nobody kno
40、ws how much of it the world generates or what it does with it. In many rich countries, and most poor ones, only the patchiest of records are kept. That may be understandable: by definition, waste is something its owner no longer wants or takes much interest in.Ignorance spawns scares, such as the fu
41、ss surrounding New Yorks infamous garbage barge, which in 1987 sailed the Atlantic for six months in search of a place to dump its load, giving many Americans the false impression that their countrys landfills had run out of space. It also makes it hard to draw up sensible policies: just think of th
42、e endless debate about whether recycling is the only way to save the planetor an expensive waste of time.16 It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that_.（A）a large part of the Pacific doesnt have shipping lanes（B） most of the rubbish in the Pacific comes from the U.S.（C） the first link of the food chai
43、n of sea lives on plastic（D）the quantity of rubbish in the Pacific increases day by day17 The second paragraph mainly demonstrates_.（A）space garbages hazard towards people（B） that people produce waste of all kinds with large amount（C） whether people should take recycling into account（D）Ken Noguchis
44、five clean-up expeditions18 The example of Britain indicates that_.（A）a large proportion of waste is generated by developed countries（B） there are many other kinds of rubbish besides municipal waste（C） mining extraction generates large quantity of waste（D）agricultural waste makes up a large proporti
45、on of the total19 By mentioning the definition of waste, the author intends to_.（A）clear the misunderstanding of its meaning and its coverage（B） state that people tends to “like the new and hate the old“（C） manifest the fact people dont record things about rubbish by sarcasm（D）prove that ignorance c
46、an lead to terror and inaction20 The incident of New Yorks rubbish ship took place because_.（A）people were ignorant of the rubbish disposal capacity of their country（B） government was in great dilemma of whether starts recycling or not（C） economics was in such recession as not be able to dispose the
47、 garbage（D）U.S. didnt have enough dump sites to digest the waste考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 101 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属主旨思想题。文章表达了作者对技术变革的怀疑态度，认为技术变革并非总是好事。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属
48、事实细节题。第三段指出，先前的交流模式正在被新的交流取代，这是科技变革的一个结果。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息推断题。作者在第四段末尾用的是反问，表达的是肯定的态度，认为孩子应该在外面和周围的孩子一起踢球。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第五段指出，技术的变革意味着人们的家庭生活受到侵扰。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属态度推断题。作者在最后一段写道：“社会如何向好的方向改变，是否会向好的方向改变，我们不能肯定。”这充分表明，作者对新技术持怀疑态度。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 A【试
49、题解析】 属词义推断题。可根据后续提示做出判断。第二段结尾指出：“错误地认为其他女同学比自己瘦的女生产生饮食紊乱的几率较高。”显然，这是严重的后果。从而可知，dire 与 terrible 同义。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第二段开头明确告诉我们：“在男女同校的学校里女生大大低估了其他女生的身材。女子学校女生的估计则准确得多。”【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第二段结尾告诉我们：“凯瑟琳桑德森发现，错误地认为其他女同学比自己瘦的女生产生饮食紊乱的几率较高。”【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。原文对应信息在第五段，其中谈到，在男人面前，女人不谈论锻炼时三天打鱼两天晒网的情况。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属事实细节题。文章在结尾指出：“如果女性被告知，她们错误地判断了其他女性的体重，饮食紊乱情况会减少。”【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属信息推断
