1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 364 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 When we fail to demonstrate respect for ourselves we are indirectly encouraging others to disrespect us as well. Respect means showing regard or conside
2、ration. If we dont value ourselves with this esteem and we disregard ourselves, then others will most likely follow suit. Lack of self respect can discredit an individual and others can sense it. This also holds true for how we treat others. If you have no respect or lack of it for yourself, then it
3、 can be difficult to implement and understand the importance of respecting others.Respect should not have to be earned. It should be given out of simple kindness and human nature. Unfortunately, compassion and empathy has fallen flat in todays society. Overall, people dont seem to care much about on
4、e another and even sadder, they dont seem to care much about themselves. Sometimes we must teach or show people how to treat us by emulating it. This can be done or displayed in the way we hold ourselves. For instance, showing respect for ourselves can be in the form of how you speak and act. When y
5、ou have self respect, you tend to have a high value of yourself and it shows in your behavior. You present yourself in a way that tells others, “I am worthy and I am a decent person. “ Lack of respect is also evident in the way you speak. You may refer to yourself or others negatively and may act or
6、 do things that are demeaning to yourself and them. Disrespect directly states, “I dont care about you or your feelings. “ People are going to treat you however you allow them to whether good or bad. When you exhibit self respect, you will not under any circumstances stick around to allow or encoura
7、ge others to treat you in a disrespectful manner. They will quickly learn that you do not tolerate that type of treatment. You will also be more likely to show respect to other individuals because you realize that they are just as worthy of it as you are. Even the most unpleasant, disrespectful pers
8、on can learn by example. Being treated with dignity and respect promotes feelings of goodwill and beneficence. As much discontent and disregard as there is in the world today, I still like to believe that most people are generally good, kind and caring. While they may not be the majority, they are t
9、he exception and if we each start with ourselves it will be much easier to pay it forward.1 If you lack self respect, others will_.（A）most likely show disrespect for you（B） have no confidence in your abilities（C） follow you and disrespect themselves（D）use every means to take advantage of you2 Accord
10、ing to the text, respect denotes_.（A）a conduct in accord with a specific ethic（B） a specific feeling of regard for others（C） an attitude of admiration, or esteem（D）a sense of the value of something3 It is regrettable that respect is_.（A）something which has to be earned（B） replaced by compassion and
11、empathy（C） taken lightly by many people at present（D）what few people deserve in todays society4 To cultivate self respect, you should_.（A）admit your errors and mistakes（B） present yourself in a decent manner（C） show less respect for your superiors（D）discipline what you say and what you do5 According
12、 to the text, a disrespectful person_.（A）shows an exaggerated opinion of his ability（B） ignores others goodwill and beneficence（C） may be as good, kind and caring as others（D）deserves being treated without courtesy5 There is a perfect symmetry in what remains of William Shakespeare: the immensity of
13、 his plays and the lack of biographical information about the man. From a canon as rich as his, and a documentary record as meager as his, you can infer almost anything. When it comes to privacy, Shakespeare out-Salingers Salinger and out-Pynchons Pynchon. Go looking for the man, and you will find o
14、nly the person doing the looking.The hunger for more is always there, which is why a portraita painting of a very well-dressed Elizabethan mantaken from the private collection of an aristocratic Anglo-Irish family, the Cobbes, has drawn so much attention. Physical evidence confirms the paintings ant
15、iquity, and its provenance links it to Shakespeares only literary patron. But while provenance may be a good guide to ownership, it is a very weedy indicator of identity.The most that can really be said is that the Cobbe portrait, which was revealed in London this week, was probably painted in Shake
16、speares lifetime and that it bears a likeness to other reputed Shakespeare portraitsthat lengthy nose, those side-glancing eyes, the hairline beginning its retreat over the bedrock of that skull. But given the stylized conventions of Elizabethan portraiture, a police dragnet in London circa 1610 mig
17、ht have turned up many dozens of men with a resemblance to this image. What we have, as always with Shakespeare, is a trail that leads us back to the past and dissolves into uncertainty. The perennial search for a portrait of Shakespeare is really a search for an image that justifies our idea of Sha
18、kespeare, our idea of writing. We somehow want the young Shakespeare to look like Joseph Fiennes, fiery and slashing. But what if he looked like Ricky Gervais? Would the plays mean less to us?In a way, the paucity of what we know about Shakespeares life is an antidote for our times. We cannot view h
19、is Facebook profile or follow him on Twitter. We do not have the phone logs or the financial records. As a man, he is not, to our knowledge, better or worse than any of us. He represents the force of the creative mind, but he also embodies the pastness of the past. Every claim to have found some rel
20、ic of the original Shakespeare is just another reminder that his work needs no biography at all.6 It is implied in the text that_.（A）Salinger out-Pynchons Pynchon as well（B） Salinger was a writer as great as Pynchon（C） little is known about Salingers private life（D）Shakespeare was contemporary with
21、Salinger7 By saying “you will find only the person doing the looking“ in the first paragraph, the author means that_.（A）Shakespeare has been a mysterious figure in our minds（B） it is absolutely impossible to know genuine Shakespeare（C） there is a hunger for more information about Shakespeare（D）it is
22、 foolish of any person to look for the real Shakespeare8 The Cobbe portrait has drawn so much attention since_.（A）we are starving for more information about Shakespeare（B） most likely it is the portrait of Shakespeare people adore（C） it comes from the private collection of a celebrated family（D）its
23、antiquity and provenance verifies its link to Shakespeare9 The author is sure that the Cobbe portrait_.（A）realistically reveals the image of Shakespeare（B） can only lead us to uncertainty about the past（C） is authentic rather than spurious or counterfeit（D）resembles other purported Shakespeare portr
24、aits10 The lack of biographical information about Shakespeare means that _.（A）its unlikely to find his phone logs anywhere（B） his plays remain great though he may be plain（C） you can infer anything good or bad about him（D）his Facebook profile cannot be found on the net10 Stanford Universitys Irving
25、Weissman has said that he would like to inject human stem cells into the developing brains of fetal mice, with the goal of producing mouse brains composed chiefly of human brain cells. Such mice might be useful for testing drugs to cure or prevent various human brain diseases. Since the brains would
26、 have the architecture of mouse brains, it is unlikely that they would become biotech Stuart Littles and exhibit any characteristics that would cause us moral concerns. But what about injecting human brain stem cells into the developing brains of fetal chimpanzees? Thats clearly a bit closer to the
27、line, but if human cells are simply integrated into the typical architecture of a chimpanzees brain, then again, it would probably create no new ethical problems. Beside the possibility of giving human characteristics to animals, injecting human stem cells into non-humans could create other moral co
28、ncerns. For example, stem cells might transdifferentiate into gamete-producing cells, and integrate themselves into the ovaries and testes of mice, where they would produce completely human eggs and sperm. One could imagine such chimeric male and female mice mating and producing a completely human e
29、mbryo. Of course, that embryo would be unable to develop in the uterus of a mouse, so the world would not have to deal with the birth of a child whose mom was a rodent. But again, what if this research were done with larger chimeric animalssay, cowsthat could possibly carry a human baby to term?But
30、chimeric mice could also be used to help people overcome infertility. Bone marrow stem cells from an infertile woman or man might be injected into a fetal mouse, where they could be transdifferentiated into gamete-producing cells. Gametes might be harvested from the mice and used in IVF procedures t
31、o engender a child. Assuming its medically safe, producing a child in this way would not be unethical.Finally, it has to be asked: would eating a liver composed chiefly of human liver cells grown in a sheep be cannibalism? I say yes; dont do it. Save them for transplants.As humanitys biotechnologica
32、l prowess increases, we will confront again and again the question of what, if any, limits should be placed on research that mixes human and animal genes, cells and tissues. The main ethical concern about such research is not the creation of improved and useful animals, but the risk of producing wha
33、t would be, in effect, diminished human beings.11 Producing mouse brains composed chiefly of human brain cells would_.（A）facilitate the development of biotech（B） have little to do with ethical problems（C） initiate new procedures for testing drugs（D）fail to exhibit any human characteristics12 The chi
34、meric mice generated would cause us_.（A）less moral concerns than laboratory mice（B） more moral concerns than laboratory mice（C） no more or less moral concerns than laboratory mice（D）as much moral concerns as larger chimeric animals13 The chief moral concern by injecting human stem cells into non-hum
35、ans is that the chimeric animal created might_.（A）behave like humans（B） generate human embryo（C） give birth to a rodent child（D）produce human eggs and sperm14 Chimeric mice created could be used to_.（A）engender a human child（B） help infertile couple procreate（C） provide gamete-producing ceils（D）prev
36、ent various human brain diseases15 What the author worries most about the research mixing human and animal cells is the possibility of creating_.（A）animals with intelligence（B） more advanced animals（C） infertile human beings（D）inferior human beings15 The idea that women are hunting for rich husbands
37、 while men choose wives for their beauty is a long way from the truth, suggests a new study.While some celebrity marriages may fit this pattern, most men and women are seeking a mate who is similar to them in qualities such as income, beauty, and desire to have children. The new study flouts the tra
38、ditionally accepted views that, to maximise our ability to reproduce, men are seeking young, attractive women who are likely to bear them children while women are seeking older, successful men who have the resources to support and protect their young. “Our results fly in face of these studies,“ says
39、 Stephen Emlen, a behavioural ecologist at Cornell University, who conducted the study with Peter Buston, now at the University of California, Santa Barbara.Buston and Emlens study suggests most men and women in Western society look for partners with qualities on a par with their own. Attractive fem
40、ales, for example, are much more likely to seek a similarly healthy and good-looking mate than a rich one. And wealthy males are more likely to seek a rich wife than a pretty one.Unions of “like“ individuals are more advantageous from an evolutionary perspective, says Emlen, because they are more st
41、able. This is beneficial because humans require long-term relationships both to produce a lot of children and to ensure that they survive to adulthood. The researchers gave questionnaires to almost 1000 men and women aged 18 to 24. The volunteers were first asked to rank the desirability of 10 attri
42、butes in a long-term partner, and then rank themselves on the same 10 attributes. Analysing the results, Buston and Emlen found a consistent match between the qualities ranked as highly desirable in a partner and in an individual themselves.The new study confirms that before setting out to search fo
43、r a mate, people assess their own assets and then look for a mate “in their league“. The implication, says Emlen, is that long and happy marriages are most likely for couples sharing similar values, education, physical appearance and intellectual interests.Choosing a partner with far superior qualit
44、ies would risk a future breakup, because such a partner would eventually be tempted away by a higher quality mate. However, Robin Dunbar, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Liverpool, U. K. , warns against oversimplifying human mate choice. “It like a poker game,“ he says. “You have t
45、o balance your preferences against those of your partner and the other players in the game. “16 It is generally believed that_.（A）every person is seeking a healthy mate（B） most women are seeking wealthy husbands（C） few men choose wives only for their beauty（D）only attractive women have good-looking
46、husbands17 According to the traditional view,_.（A）young women tend to hunt for older men（B） only older men are able to support their children（C） attractive women are likely to bear more children（D）the ability to reproduce proves the success of a marriage18 The new study conducted by Buston and Emlen
47、_.（A）looks down upon the traditionally accepted views（B） puts forward a consistent pattern for mate seeking（C） is a breakthrough in the development of sociology（D）argues for unions of individuals with similar attributes19 Robin Dunbar suggests that_.（A）a wealthy male should seek a rich wife（B） coupl
48、es with similar attributes tend to live happily（C） oversimplifying should be avoided in mate seeking（D）an attractive woman should marry a good-looking man20 It can be inferred from the text that_.（A）opposites do not attract in mating game（B） everyone desires to seek a higher quality mate（C） beauty i
49、s the most desirable quality for everyone（D）attractive women rarely marry good-looking men考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 364 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据第一段中的“Ifwe disregard ourselves，then others will most likely follow suit”，如果你不尊重自己，别人也会不尊重你， A 应为答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据第一段中的“Respect means showing regard or consideration”可知，“respect” 指的是对人关心
