1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 76 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 You are going to read a list of headings and a text about the law-making process of the United States.Choose a heading from the list AG that best fits th
2、e meaning of each numbered part of the text(1 5). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use.ACongressional Debate and VoteBVeto over Legislation of BillsCCommittee ConsiderationDCounteracting a Presidential VetoEPassage in B
3、oth ChambersFIntroduction of BillsGFunctions of the Joint CommitteeThe U. S. Congress has exclusive authority to enact federal legislation. The process by which a proposed bill becomes a law can be very complex and take years.【R1】 _Bills may originate in either the House of Representatives or the Se
4、nate, except that all bills for raising revenue must originate in the House of Representatives. Only Senators and Representatives(also known as Members of Congress)can introduce a bill in their respective chamber. When bills are introduced, they are given a bill number. The numbering system starts o
5、ver with each session of Congress, and bill numbers run in chronological order according to when the bill is introduced. Bills in the House of Representatives are given the initial H. R. and Senate Bills are given the initial S. Thus, H. R. 1, would be the first bill introduced in a new session of C
6、ongress or the House of Representatives(a session of Congress lasts for two years).【R2】 _After a bill is introduced, it is assigned to one or more committees in the chamber where it was introduced. A committee can amend, rewrite, recommend, or ignore the bill or report back to the full chamber with
7、no recommendation. Committees typically also submit a report explaining their views of the bill when sending a bill to the full House or Senate.【R3】 _Once the bill moves to the “floor“ of either the House of Representatives or the Senate(again depending on where the bill was introduced), the entire
8、chamber debates and may amend the bill. It then takes an open vote on the bill. For noncontroversial votes, the chamber will take a voice vote, but if any legislator asks for a roll call, then each members vote is made separately and publicly.【R4】 _If the bill passes the first chamber, it is sent to
9、 the other chamber where the process described above is repeated. If the bill is amended in the second chamber, it must be sent back to the first Chamber because both chambers must agree on the amendments. If the two chambers cannot immediately agree on how to pass identical legislation, the bill wi
10、ll be sent to a joint committee(comprised of both House of Representatives and Senate members), which will attempt to work out a compromise among the different versions of the bill. If the joint committee is successful, the bill will be returned to both chambers for a vote.【R5】 _Once an identical bi
11、ll passes both the House and the Senate, it is sent to the President who can do the following:(1)sign it and thus make it a law;(2)do nothing and after 10 days, if Congress stays in session, it becomes law;(3)do nothing and if Congress adjourns within 10 days, it does not become laws or(4)reject the
12、 bill by vetoing it and the bill will not become law unless the veto is overturned by Congress. Congress may overturn the Presidents veto by approving the bill again with at least a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and the Senate. The bill then becomes a law despite the Presidents veto.The
13、 state legislatures act in much the same way, although the process for enacting a bill within the legislatures is often more streamlined. Every state legislature, except Nebraskas, has two chambers. Most governors have veto power over state legislation, analogous to the veto power of the President.1
14、 【R1 】2 【R2 】3 【R3 】4 【R4 】5 【R5 】5 You are going to read a text on 5 ways companies win by giving stuff away, followed by a list of tips. Choose the most suitable advice from the list AG for each numbered subheading(1 5). There are two tips which you do not need to use.Consumers love freebies. But
15、the companies handing out complimentary comic books, ice cream and pancakes,love giveaways even more. On the surface, freebies look like obvious money losers. But when handled wisely, giveaways are all but guaranteed to boost sales.Consumers who try out one of those complimentary products have the p
16、otential of becoming a lifelong customer. But the power of giveaways goes much deeper. When consumers get something for nothing, they respond in a host of surprising, mostly unconscious ways and the net result is often that the companies handing out freebies are rewarded well for their “generosity.
17、“ Here are a few of the surprising ways consumers are affected by freebies:【R1 】You feel obligated to buy more.Marketers notice it over and over: Promotional events are huge moneymakers, even though logic would seem to dictate that retailers would lose money. The reason for this is what marketers ca
18、ll the reciprocity principleconsumers feeling liable for reciprocating a favor can occur despite the fact that they may never have requested the favor in the first place. _,【R2 】When given something for free, youll pay more for it later.If an item comes with an inexpensive price tag, we assume its c
19、heap quality and isnt worth good money. But if an item is thrown in as a bonus freebie when buying an expensive or luxury good, consumers deem the freebie as a higher quality product and are willing to pay more for the item on its own. This might seem a little screwy. If we view something deeply dis
20、counted as having a low value, why would we assign a higher value on it when it costs us nothing?_.【R3 】You perceive getting more as superior to a discount.In experiments conducted for a Journal of Marketing study, participants had a choice of getting 33% more coffee or 33% off the regular price of
21、coffee. More people picked the former, even though the discount is a better deal in terms of how much the coffee costs per ounce. _.【R4 】Youll buy more when theres a mystery involved.Offering a free gift-with-purchase without specifying what the item is prompts people to buy. Optimism about a surpri
22、se can prompt people to buy. When our purchase decisions are based on emotion, retailers even can get away with smaller or fewer freebies, just as long as theres a surprise involved. 【R5 】Youll talk more about freebies.The rise of social media has more companies concerned with “word of mouth“ market
23、ing and reputation. Getting your customers to say nice things about you is as effective as traditional advertising, and its almost always cheaper. And one of the easiest and best ways to get people talking about their products is to simply give them away. _.AUncertainty may have a stronger impact th
24、an simply offering more to consumers. Indeed, when offering more decreases uncertainty, the strategy may backfire because consumers may perceive the promotion to be less fun.BPeople view getting something free or extra as a gain, while a discount is viewed as just reducing the loss paid out of pocke
25、t. Wed rather gain than lose, even when its not in our best interest economically.CMarketers should also engage in social networks and online communities where they can help guide and stimulate word-of-mouth by interacting with customers and people who are interested in their business or services.DA
26、ny time we are motivated to do anything, emotion is pulling the strings. Its just usually an e-motional response lower than what we think of as a feeling, so we experience our motivations as mostly rational. But its emotion that moves us to act. In fact, the Latin root for the word emotion mean “to
27、move,“ because emotions motivate what we do.EGiveaways like 7-Elevens Free Slurpee Day, when customers can get a free 7. 11-ounce Slurpee, no strings attached, are supposed to cost the company money: People come in, get their freebie and walk out. But what actually happens is that a lot of people wa
28、lk in, try the sample size and then decide to buy a bigger Slurpee thats not part of the giveaway.FAn article in the Journal of Marketing found that people who got a product for free discussed it 20% more. Getting a freebie related to the product prompted them to discuss it 15% more, while coupons a
29、nd rebates didnt make a difference.GThe answer has to do with the different ways we process information. Its easy to assign a dollar value to an item that already has a price. But without a price as a cue, we tend to get confused, and our brain starts looking for other signs to indicate value.6 【R1
30、】7 【R2 】8 【R3 】9 【R4 】10 【R5 】10 You are going to read a text on positive self talk, followed by a list of tips. Choose the most suitable advice from the list AG for each numbered subheading(1 5). There are two tips which you do not need to use.Most of us are in constant mental talk. We talk to ours
31、elves all day long and, unfortunately, this self talk is frequently negative. This negativity can destroy any seed of hope that we may have in striving for our dreams. Our actions are inspired by our thoughts. Practicing positive self talk can help us set in motion actions that will bring us greater
32、 rewards.The following are the steps to positive self talk. By following these steps you will begin to rid your inner conversations of negativity and instead have energizing thoughts.【R1 】Eliminate Internal Negative TalkA common negative talk involves telling yourself “I cant“. When you say to yours
33、elf “I cant“ or “it is too difficult“, you are creating a resistance. Having such a mental block will prevent you from achieving a task you could otherwise succeed at. _【R2 】Positive AffirmationsAffirmations are positive statements of a desired outcome or goal. They are usually short, believable and
34、 focused. By repeating them over and over again, you build inroads into your subconscious mind, 0-pening up the possibility of a new state of thoughts. _【R3 】Replace Negative Influences with Positive OnesIt is important that you identify external negative factors in your life which may be holding yo
35、ur thoughts hostage. For instance, your mental state can become toxic by being around friends who are negative. Hence, be alert to what your negative influences are. _【R4 】Confront FearsFear is often what holds you back from your success. You are scared of taking chances because you fear losing the
36、security that you enjoy now. You try to convince yourself that you are happy in your current state when in fact, you are not. _【R5 】Focus on Enjoyable MomentsIt is much easier to have a positive attitude if you focus on the enjoyable moments in life rather than the difficult ones. While there will i
37、nevitably be challenges, you need to remember that life consists of ups and clowns and the good times are forged through the bad. _By following the above tips to positive self talk, you will experience an improvement in the quality of your life. The rewards are plentiful with greater happiness, peac
38、e and joy. Best of all, you feel empowered. With the change in energy, you are more likely to reach your highest potential and achieve success.ANegative self talk fuels fears. By becoming aware of your negative self talk patterns when faced with a fear, you can work to change the self talk.BSo choos
39、e to fill your mind with positive images and thoughts. For a start, if you can be grateful for what you have presently, your self talk will also change to be in line with one of joy. A state of gratitude does wonders to your psyche.CWe do hours of self talk every single day. Unfortunately, for some
40、people, this is all negative self talk. For example, “I cant do that“, “Im no good at. “, “Ill never. “, “John hates me “. This constantly brings your energy down.DSurround yourself with thoughts and actions from people who will empower you. From being uninspired and de-motivated, you will begin to
41、feel uplifted and driven to greater self growth. The positive energy that they vibrate will start affecting the self talk that you engage in as well.EThe daily practice is important. Initially you hold skepticism toward the statements. However, if you follow this simple instruction your skepticism w
42、ill soon give way to a new set of beliefs and then crystallized into absolute faith.FAsk yourself what you are afraid of. What can be the worst that can happen? Take a step-by-step approach forward and see if there is any way round to looking at things more positively. In fact, the benefits of chang
43、e are worth the risk. Your inner talk begins to change at this point.GAnytime you catch yourself saying “I cant. “, turn around and challenge your own claim with, “Why cant I?“ Research shows that most geniuses became the people they are also because of the hard work they put in. So if you would lik
44、e to be successful, you need to start saying “I can“ a lot more.11 【R1 】12 【R2 】13 【R3 】14 【R4 】15 【R5 】15 You are going to read a text about ways to be happier at work, followed by a list of examples. Choose the most suitable example from the list AF for each numbered subheading(1 5). There is one
45、extra example which you do not need to use.With widespread job cuts and a recession to deal with, its not easy to maintain a positive outlook at work these days. But being optimistic, despite the stress, could actually help you thrive during a downturn.“Most people make the mistake of thinking that
46、success leads to happiness. In fact, our brains work precisely the other way around,“ says Shawn Achor, head of Aspirant, a consulting firm that advises clients like Microsoft, American Express, Credit Suisse, and UBS on how to keep spirit and productivity up in these extraordinarily difficult times
47、.Want to train your brain to stay optimistic? Here are five ways to get started:【R1 】Practice Looking for the Good.Achor cites studies showing that people who keep a daily “gratitude list“ become happier and more successful over time. For the next 21 days, every night before you go to sleep, think a
48、bout three things youre grateful for. Say them out loud. _ 【R2】 Have Some FunMany people think the words work and fun are mutually exclusive. But research shows that bursts of lightheartedness, whether from a smile shared with a colleague or a funny clip on YouTube, actually cause people to think mo
49、re clearly and creatively. _【R3 】Brighten Your Office Space.Everything around you affects your frame of mind. Certain environmental cues can trigger your reflexive brain into needless panic, while others can prime you for creative thinking or calm reflection. _【R4 】Keep a JournalIf you find yourself worrying about bad news, a scary rumor, or a stressful deadline, take three minutes to write down how youre feeling. _
