1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 17 及答案与解析一、翻译1 Failure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder. The only way to show our gratit
2、ude to God for bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones.2 Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest ho
3、ur, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful.3 Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only a
4、lternative is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.4 English-Chinese Translation(四川大学 2013 研，考试科目：基础英语)And, consequently, Marx was the best-hated and most calumniated man of his time. Governments, both absolutist and republican, deported him from their territories. Bourgeois, whe
5、ther conservative or ultra-democratic, vied with one another in heaping slanders upon him. All this he brushed aside as though it were cobweb, ignoring it, answering only when extreme necessity compelled him. And he died beloved, revered and mourned by millions of revolutionary fellow-workersfrom th
6、e mines of Siberia to California, in all parts of Europe and Americaand I make bold to say that though he may have had many opponents he had hardly one personal enemy.5 On the top shelf of the case are some English works, among which may be mentioned Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Pilgrim
7、s Progress by John Bunyan, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Henry Fielding, Ivan-hoe by Sir Walter Scott, The Old Curiosity Shop by Charles Dickens, Vanity Fair by William Thackeray, Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, The Way of all Flesh by Samuel Butl
8、er, The Return of the Native by Thomas Hardy, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Stevenson, The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde, The Man of Property by John Galsworthy, and Major Barbara by Bernard Shaw.6 English-chinese Translation(四川大学 2012 研，考试科目：基础英语)My advice to young w
9、orking-man, desirous of bettering their circumstances, and adding to the amount of their enjoyment , is a very simple one. Do not seek happiness in what is misnamed pleasure: seek it rather in what is termed study. Keep your consciences clear, your curiosity fresh, and embrace every opportunity of c
10、ultivating your minds. You will gain nothing by attending Chartist meeting. The fellows who speak nonsense with fluency at these assemblies, and deem their nonsense eloquence, are unable to help either you or themselves:or, if they do succeed in helping themselves , it will be all at your expense.7
11、Among the most prominent books upon the most prominent bookshelf is that splendidly bound volume entitled “Shakespeare Complete Works“ , on the contents of which successively list The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Loves Labours Lost, A Midsummer Nights Dream
12、, The Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It, Alls Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure, The Life of Timon of Athens.8 English-Chinese TranslationBooks are the best of things, well used: abused, among the worst. What is the right use? What is the o
13、ne end which all means go to effect? They are for nothing but to inspire. I had better never see a book, than to be warped by its attraction clean out of my own orbit, and made a satellite instead of a system. The one thing in the world, of value, is the active soul. This every man is entitled to: t
14、his every man contains within him, although in almost all men obstructed and as yet unborn.9 A bookcase reaches from the floor to the ceiling. It is filled with medical books of every thickness and color. On the top shelf of the case stands a long row of literary works, among which may be mentioned
15、The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustu by Christopher Marlowe, Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott, The Old Curiosity Shop by Charles Dickens, Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, Walden by Henry David Thoreau, The Blithedale Roman
16、ce by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Moby Dick by Herman Melville, The Sound and Fury by William Faulkner, Catch-22 by Joseph Heller, and Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison.10 Translate the following passages into Chinese(四川大学 2010 研，考试科目：基础英语)Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple
17、tact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc. : that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of econo
18、mic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vi
19、ce versa, as had hitherto been the case.11 It is remarkable, the character of the pleasure we derive from the best books. You may still remember those English novels, stories and poems we read together among which may be mentioned Paradise Lost by John Milton, Lady Chatterleys Lover by D. H. Lawrenc
20、e, Four Quartets by T. S. Eliot, Finnegans Wake by James Joyce, The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, The Sunrise on the Veld by Doris Lessing, Sketch Book by Washington Irving, The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper. Concord Hymn by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitma
21、n, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and The Snows on Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway.12 Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese(重庆大学 2005 研，考试科目：综合英语)In the cases of the snowdrift, the fog and the war, there was, however, another elementnamely, the fact that everybody was feeling ali
22、ke. As a rule, each of us is occupied with his own concerns: odier people may hinder us, or bore us, or fail altogether to attract our notice. But there are occasions on which a common emotion actuates a whole crowd. When this happens, even if the emotion in itself is not pleasant, the fact that it
23、is shared gives a peculiar happi-ness not obtainable in any other way.13 You can begin to build character at any age. The key is learning how to look withinto work inside out. With the inside-out approach, private victories precede public victories. These private victories are simply promises you ma
24、ke to yourself and others and then keep. They dont have to be profound or life altering, like a career change. They can be as mundane as a commitment to exercise every day. A promise like this may sound inconsequential, but it represents the hard choices we face in everyday life. The first step towa
25、rd building character is to tackle a hard choice, commit to change and stay with it.14 Translate the underlined parts into Chinese(四川外国语大学 2013 研，考试科目：英语翻译与写作)Throughout the last few decades, the core of challenge for university-level teaching has been to adjust to a wider range of student abilities
26、. As a result of expanded access and higher rates of participation, todays students are diverse in their interests, circumstances, motives and academic preparation.What has been the response? There is much to praise. Compared to a few decades ago, higher education systems in many countries have beco
27、me more flexible in their requirements.They have introduced program innovations responsive to student preferences. The learning process no longer relied entirely on lecturing. Students find opportunities for hands-on experience to complement their book-learning. Study areas have become more responsi
28、ve to todays students and to labor market needs.An enormous level of energy is being devoted to ways that electronic technology can enhance learning, especially for students who cannot easily take conventional courses. Now educational network and virtual universities have appeared. Meanwhile, a new
29、challenge to teaching looms ahead: a pressure to internationalize curriculum offerings. Such a change calls for a thorough rethinking of fundamental aspects of course design. Many universities and institutions have taken steps toward globalized learning. But with limited results.Nevertheless, furthe
30、r innovation in teaching practice can be expected in the future, because a fundamental change in orientation has been accomplished. Higher education today, in most settings, is more student-focuseda major change compared with what existed several decades ago. “Active“ learning is a phrase that is wi
31、dely accepted.Of course, major shortcomings continue: teaching practice is slow to change on the “shop floor“ , and lectures are still the primary educational mechanism in many institutions. On balance, however, things are encouraging.15 Translate the underlined parts into Chinese(四川外国语大学 2012 研，考试科
32、目：英语翻译与写作)I have a mind to fill the rest of this paper with an accident that happened just under my eyes, and has made a great impression upon me. I have just passed part of this summer at an old romantic seat of my Lord Harcourts, which he has lent me. It overlooks a common field, where, under the
33、shadow of a haycock, sat two lovers, as constant as ever were found in romance, beneath a spreading beech. The name of the one(let it sound as it will)was John Hewett:of the other, Sarah Drew. John was a well-set man about five-and-twenty: Sarah a brown woman of eighteen. John had for several months
34、 borne the labor of the day in the same field with Sarah: when she milked, it was his morning and evening charge to bring the cows to her pail. Their love was the talk, but not the scandal of the neighborhood: for all they aimed at was the blameless possession of each other in marriage. It was but t
35、his very morning that he obtained her parents consent, and it was but till the next week that they were to wait to be happy.Perhaps this very day, in the intervals of their work, they were talking of their wedding clothes: and John was now matching several kinds of poppies and field flowers to her c
36、omplexion, to make her a present of knots for the day. While they were thus employed(it was on the last day of July, )a terrible storm of thunder and lightning arose, that drove the laborers to what shelter the trees or hedges afforded. Sarah, frightened and out of breath, sunk on a haycock, and Joh
37、n(who never separated from her)sat by her side, having raked two or three heaps together to secure her. Immediately there was heard so loud a crack as if heaven had burst asunder. The laborers, all solicitous for each others safety, called to one another: those who were nearest our lovers, hearing n
38、o answer, stepped to the place where they lay. They first saw a little smoke, and after, this faithful pair:John with one arm about Sarahs neck, and the other held over her face, as if to screen her from the lightning. They were struck dead, and already grown stiff and cold in this tender posture. T
39、here was no mark or discoloring on their bodies, only that Sarahs eyebrow was a little singed, and a small spot between her breasts. They were buried next day in one grave, in the parish of Stanton Harcourt:where my Lord Harcourt, at my request, has erected a monument over them.16 Translate the unde
40、rlined part into Chinese(四川外国浯大学 2011 研，考试科目：英语翻译与写作)All day it streamed rain: the island ran like a sop, there was no dry spot to be found: and when I lay down that night, between two boulders that made a kind of roof, my feet were in a bog.The second day I crossed the island to all sides. There wa
41、s no one part of it better than another: it was all desolate and rocky: nothing living on it but game birds which I lacked the means to kill, and the gulls which haunted the outlying rocks in a prodigious number. But the creek, or strait, that cut off the isle from the main-land of the Ross, opened
42、out on the north into a bay, and the bay again opened into the Sound of Iona: and it was the neighborhood of this place that I chose to be my home: though if I had thought upon the very name of home in such a spot, I must have burst out weeping.I had good reasons for my choice. There was in this par
43、t of the isle a little hut of a house like a pigs hut, where fishers used to sleep when they came there upon their business: but the turf roof of it had fallen entirely in: so that the hut was of no use to me, and gave me less shelter than my rocks. What was more important, the shell-fish on which I
44、 lived grew there in great plenty: when the tide was out I could gather a peck at a time: and this was doubtless a convenience. But the other reason went deeper. I had become in no way used to the horrid solitude of the isle, but still looked round me on all sides(like a man that was hunted), betwee
45、n fear and hope that I might see some human creature coming. Now, from a little up the hillside over the bay, I could catch a sight of the great, ancient church and the roofs of the peoples houses in Iona. And on the other hand, over the low country of the Ross, I saw smoke go up, morning and evenin
46、g, as if from a homestead in a hollow of the land.I used to watch this smoke, when I was wet and cold, and had my head half turned with loneliness: and think of the fireside and the company, till my heart burned. It was the same with the roofs of Iona. Altogether, this sight I had of mens homes and
47、comfortable lives, although it put a point on my own sufferings, yet it kept hope alive, and helped me to eat my raw shell-fish(which had soon grown to be a disgust), and saved me from the sense of horror I had whenever I was quite alone with dead rocks, and fowls, and the rain, and the cold sea.I s
48、ay it kept hope alive: and indeed it seemed impossible that I should be left to die on the shores of my own country, and within view of a church-tower and the smoke of mens houses. But the second day passed: and though as long as the light lasted I kept a bright look-out for boats on the Sound or me
49、n passing on the Ross, no help came near me. It still rained, and I turned in to sleep, as wet as ever, and with a cruel sore throat, but a little comforted, perhaps, by having said good-night to my nest neighbours, the people of lona.17 Translate the following two passages from English to Chinese(电子科技大学 2007研，考试科目：英语写作与翻译)The Old Man and the Sea may very well become one of the true classics of this generation, Certainly, the qualities of Ernest Hemingways short novel are those which we associate with many great stories of the past: near perfection of form w
