1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 18 及答案与解析一、翻译1 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 东北财经大学 2009 研，考试科目：综合英语与翻译)While America rebuilds at home, we will not shrink from the challenges nor fail to seize the opportunities of this new world. Together with our friends and allies, we will work together to sh
2、ape change, lest it engulf us. When our vital interests are challenged, or the wilt and conscience of the international community is defied, we will act: with peaceful diplomacy whenever possible, with force when necessary. The brave Americans serving our nation today in the Persian Gulf, in Somalia
3、, and wherever else they stand, are testament to our resolve, but our greatest strength is the power of our ideas, which are still new in many lands. Across the world, we see them embraced and we rejoice. Our hopes, our hearts, our hands, are with those on every continent, who are building democracy
4、 and freedom. Their cause is Americas cause. The American people have summoned the change we celebrate today. You have raised your voices in an unmistakable chorus, you have cast your votes in historic numbers you have changed the face of congress, the presidency, and the political process itself.2
5、Translate the following passage into Chinese( 东北财经大学 2008 研，考试科目：综合英语)When Chou Enlais door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to b
6、e in his middle twenties.Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told hi
7、m who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had“fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tuhsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berl
8、in, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet.As he talked Chou Enlai stood facing him, his head a little to one side as was his habit, listening intently until the story was told, and then questioning
9、 him. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. When the reply came a few months later they were enr
10、olled as full members, but Chus membership was kept a secret from outsiders.General Chu explained this procedure as necessary because, as a general in the Yunnan Army, he had been one of the earliest Kuomintang members and he might be sent back to Yunnan by the Communist Party at some future date. T
11、hough not publicly known as a Communist, General Chu said that he broke all connections with his past, and with the old society in every way, “so that a heavy burden seemed to fall from my shoulders. “ There were hundreds of Chinese students in Germany at the time, most of them rich mens sons with w
12、hom he might have associated in the past. Such men he now avoided and he spent is time studying hungrily, avidly, with young men many of whom were almost young enough to be his sons.3 Translate the underlined part in the following passage into Chinese(大连理工大学2005 研，考试科目：英汉翻译)The lives of most men are
13、 determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with Rood will. They are like streetcars running, contentedly on their rails and they despise the sprightly flivver(廉价小汽车)that dashes in and out of the traffic and speed
14、s so jauntily across the open country. I respect them: they are good citizens, good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes: but I do not find them exciting. I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould i
15、t to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the worlds history ob
16、liged us to take the turning we did.I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished c
17、areer. He had an acute brain, an attractive personality, and uprightness. There was no reason why he should not become, financially or politically, a power in the land. One evening he was sitting in his club with a group of friends and they were perhaps a little worse(or the better)for liquor. One o
18、f them had recently come from Italy and he told them of a house he had seen at Capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the Bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterranean.“It sounds fine“ , said Mayhew. “Is that house fo
19、r sale?“From Mayhew by William S. Maugham4 Translate the following passage into ChinesThe world as a whole has progressed tremendously material-wise, and we are a fortunate nation in that we are leading the procession. It is, I believe, natural that nations not so fortunate should look upon us with
20、envy. We would do the same if the positions were reserved, so we should not judge too harshly the efforts of others to equal our standard of living. In either case, the fortunate or the unfortunate character in the individual and collectively in a nation stands out. I agree that it is easier to buil
21、d character under ideal conditions but cannot forget that character is also required to give as well as receive.It should be to the benefit of humanity if all individualsand this includes myselfdid a renovation or remodeling job on our own character. It may merely be a case of removing rough edges o
22、r tossing away molding to expose irregularities , in some cases to remove a prop and stand on ones own feet. In any event if some of us set example, others will follow and the result should be good. This I believe.5 Translation(吉林大学 2005 研，考试科目：英语语言实践)Televisionthe most pervasive and persuasive of m
23、odern technologies, marked by rapid change and growthis moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies. The
24、 word “television“, derived from its Greek(tele:distant)and Latin(vision:sight)roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a spec
25、ial photo-conductive plate within a camera)into electronic impulses which can be sent through a wire of cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver(television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronic system however. It is a me
26、ans of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through b
27、road-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.6 When I am asked, “What made you want to be a writer?“ , my answer has always been, “B
28、ooks“. First and foremost, now, then, and always, I have been passionate about books. From the time I began to read, as a child, I loved to feel their heft in my hand and the warm spot caused by their intimate weight in my lap: I loved the crisp whisper of a page turning, the musky odor of old paper
29、 and the sharp inky whiff of new pages. Leather bindings sent me into ecstasy. I even loved to gaze at a closed book and daydream about the possibilities insideit was like contemplating a genies lamp. Of course, my favorite fairy tale was A Thousand and One Nightsimagine buying your life with storie
30、s ! And my favorite cartoons were those where animated characters popped out of books and partied while the unsuspecting humans slept. In books, I could travel anywhere, be anybody, understand worlds long past and imaginary colonies in the future. My idea of a bargain was to go to the public library
31、, wander along the bookshelves, and emerge with a chin-high stack of books that were mine, all mine, for 2 weeksfree of charge.At that time I didnt think of writing as an activity people admitted doing. I had no living role modelsa “real“ writer as a long-dead white male, usually with a white beard
32、to match.7 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 辽宁大学 2008 研，考试科目：英语专业基础)During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country:
33、and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it was: but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. I say insufferable: for the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half
34、-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible. I looked upon the scene before meupon the mere house, and the simple landscape features of the domain, upon the bleak walls, upon the vacant eye like windows ,
35、upon a few rank sedges, and upon a few white trunks of decayed treeswith an utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthly sensation more properly than to the after dream of the reveler upon opium, the bitter lapse into every day lifethe hideous dropping off of the veil. There was an ici
36、ness, a sinking, a sickening of the heart, an unredeemed dreariness of thought which no goading of the imagination could torture into aught of the sublime. What was it, I paused to think, what was it that so unnerved me in the contemplation of the House of Usher?8 Translate the following passage int
37、o Chinese( 辽宁大学 2007 研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Every morning was a cheerful invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself. I have been as sincere a worshipper of Aurora as the Greeks. I got up early and bathed in the pond: that was a religious exercise, and one of
38、the best things which I did. They say that characters were engraved on the bathing tub of King Tching-thang to this effect, “Renew thyself completely each day: do it again, and again, and forever a-gain. “ I can understand that. Morning brings back the heroic ages. I was as much affected by the fain
39、t burn of a mos-quito making its invisible and unimaginable tour through my apartment at earliest dawn, when I was sailing with door and windows open, as I could be by any trumpet that ever sang of fame. It was Homers Requiem: itself an Iliad and Odyssey in the air, singing its own wrath and wanderi
40、ngs. There was something cosmical about it: a standing advertisement, till forbidden, of the everlasting vigor and fertility of the world. The morning, which is the most memorable season of the day, is the awakening hour. Then there is least somnolence in us: and for an hour, at least, some part of
41、us awakes which slumbers all the rest of the day and night.9 Translation(辽宁大学 2007 研，考试科目：英语专业基础)Sometimes Laura and I lean over the taffrail, and that is happiness. It may be by daylight, looking at the sea, rippled with little white ponies, or with no ripples at all but only the lazy satin of blue
42、, marbled at the edge where the passage of our ship has disturbed it. Or it may be at night, when the sky surely seems blacker than ever at home and the stars more golden. I recall a phrase from the diary of a half-literate soldier, “ The stars seemed little cuts in the black cover, through which a
43、bright beyond was seen. “ Sometimes these untaught scribblers have a way of putting things.10 It is a human world, but one that is human in ways no one expected. The image it reveals is not the worn and battered face that stares from Leonardos self-portrait, much less the one that stares, bleary and
44、 uninspired, every morning from the bathroom mirror. These are the faces of history. It is, rather, the image of an eternally playful and eternally youthful power that makes order whether order is there or not and that having made one order is quite capable of putting it aside and creating an entire
45、ly different one the way a child might build one structure from a set of blocks and then without malice and purely in the spirit of play demolish it and begin again. It is an image of the power that made humanity possible in the first place.11 Translate the following into Chinese(辽宁师范大学 2007 研，考试科目：
46、综合英语)It is difficult to find a starting place for describing Custer. Those who have already formed opinions about the man have done so with such vehemence that it is hard to believe that the two sides are talking about the same person. To one group, he remains the brave and gallant soldier and peerl
47、ess Indian fighter who died heroically and gloriously battling against hopeless odds: to the other, he was a big-mouthed braggart and incompetent who blundered away the lives of more than two hundred men by rushing joyfully into a deadly situation without taking the simplest precautions demanded by
48、military prudence. On one point all agree: Custer was a man of supreme physical courage who apparently did not know what it was to feel fear. Beyond that, there is a agreement on very little.Custer graduated at the bottom of his class at West Point, in large part for demerits received for what his a
49、dmirers like to describe as“ boyish pranks and escapades“ , although a good part of his bad record was the result of slovenly habits. This last was highly ironic because no officer would demand more later from his men in the way of snap and polish and taut discipline than him. He received his commission just in time to get the First Battle of Bull Run.12 Please translate the following part into Chinese and write your Chinese version on the ANSWER SHEET( 西安交通大学 2006 研，考试科目：基础英语)A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States h
