1、英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷 1 及答案与解析一、名词解释1 linguistics2 language3 arbitrariness4 duality5 competence6 performance7 stylistics8 phatic communion9 functionalism10 formalism11 synchronic linguistics12 diachronic linguistics13 articulator14 assimilation15 consonant16 elision17 intonation18 phoneme19 phonetics20 ph
2、onology21 stress22 voicing23 voiceless24 vowel25 morphology英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷 1 答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Linguistics; Linguistics is the scientific or systemic study of language.(It is a science in the sense that it scientifically studies the rules, systems and principles of human languages. It deals with a
3、 wide range of linguistic phenomena, analyzes them, and makes general statements about them.)【知识模块】 名词解释2 【正确答案】 Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 【知识模块】 名词解释3 【正确答案】 Arbitrariness: Language is arbitrary. As a design feature of human language, ar
4、bitrariness refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. The relationship between the sounds and their meaning is quite accidental. The onomatopoeic words are exceptions.【知识模块】 名词解释4 【正确答案】 Duality; Duality is a
5、 design feature of human language. Human language operates on two levels of structures. At one level are elements which have no meaning in themselves but which combine to form units at another level which do have meaning. This organization of language into two levelsa level of sounds which combine i
6、nto a second level of larger unitsis called duality or double articulation.【知识模块】 名词解释5 【正确答案】 Competence: According to Chomsky, competence refers to the knowledge that native speakers have of their language as a system of abstract formal relations. 【知识模块】 名词解释6 【正确答案】 Performance: According to Chom
7、sky, performance refers to the actual linguistic behavior of native speakers.【知识模块】 名词解释7 【正确答案】 Stylistics: Stylistics is a branch of linguistics and which is the study of how literary effects can be related to linguistic features. It usually refers to the study of written language; including liter
8、ary texts, but it also investigate spoken language sometimes. It can be called the “ science of literature“ since it is the scientific study of literary style.【知识模块】 名词解释8 【正确答案】 Phatic communion: Phatic communion is a function of language. Language is used to establish an atmosphere or maintain soc
9、ial contact between the speaker and the hearer. Greetings, farewells and comments on the weather serve this function.【知识模块】 名词解释9 【正确答案】 Functionalism; Functionalism or functional linguistics refers to the study of the forms of language in reference to their social function in communication. Functio
10、nalism tends to explain the forms of language by attributing a determining role of its function.【知识模块】 名词解释10 【正确答案】 Formalism; Formalism or formal linguistics is the study of the abstract forms of language and their internal relations. It fixes on the forms of languages as evidence of the universal
11、s without considering how these forms function in communication and the ways of social life in different communities.【知识模块】 名词解释11 【正确答案】 Synchronic linguistics: Synchronic linguistics refers to the study of language at a given point in time. It focuses on the state of language at any point on histo
12、ry.【知识模块】 名词解释12 【正确答案】 Diachronic linguistics; Diachronic linguistics refers to the study of language developments through time. It focuses on the differences in two or more than two states of language over decades or centuries.【知识模块】 名词解释13 【正确答案】 Articulator; Different parts of the vocal tract in
13、volved in the production of speech sound are called organs of speech or articulators, including lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, tongue, uvula and vocal cords.【知识模块】 名词解释14 【正确答案】 Assimilation; Assimilation refers to the way that sounds belonging to one word or one syllable can
14、 cause changes in sounds belonging to neighboring sounds or syllables. There are two kinds of assimilation. It is called regressive assimilation when the changes were brought about by the following sound; while changes brought about by the preceding sound is called progressive assimilation.【知识模块】 名词
15、解释15 【正确答案】 Consonant; Consonants are sounds in which there is obstruction to the flow of air as it passes from the larynx to the lips. There are altogether 24 consonants in English. 【知识模块】 名词解释16 【正确答案】 Elision: Elision refers to the loss of a sound or sounds in speech under certain circumstances.
16、It is typical of rapid, casual speech.【知识模块】 名词解释17 【正确答案】 Intonation; Intonation refers to a greater degree of loudness and the change of speech rhythm in the utterance of some syllables.【知识模块】 名词解释18 【正确答案】 Phoneme: Phoneme is the abstract element of a sound, identified as being distinctive in a p
17、articular language. It is the smallest phonological unit of language which can distinguish meaning. 【知识模块】 名词解释19 【正确答案】 Phonetics: The study of the speech sounds that occur in all human languages is called phonetics. The study of phonetics can be divided into three main branches: articulatory phone
18、tics, auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics.【知识模块】 名词解释20 【正确答案】 Phonology: Phonology is the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language.【知识模块】 名词解释21 【正确答案】 Stress: When a word has more than one syllable, one of them will be pronounced with more prominence than others
19、 and this speech sound phenomenon is called stress. 【知识模块】 名词解释22 【正确答案】 Voicing: Voicing is a distinctive phonetic feature of speech sound that can distinguish one word from another, which refers to the vibration in the larynx caused by air fro the lungs passing through the vocal cords when they ar
20、e partly closed. A speech sound can be defined as voiced or voiceless. For example, the only difference between z and s is voicing. 【知识模块】 名词解释23 【正确答案】 Voiceless; One of the two branches in voicing. It is used to describe sounds produced without causing vibration of the vocal cords.【知识模块】 名词解释24 【正
21、确答案】 Vowel: Vowels are sounds in which there is no obstruction to the flow of air as it passes from the larynx to the lips. There are altogether 21 vowel sounds in English.【知识模块】 名词解释25 【正确答案】 Morphology: Morphology, as a branch of linguistics, is the study of the internal structure, forms and classes of words.【知识模块】 名词解释
