考研类试卷英语专业语言学

1、under the same superordinate are called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the 1 of, or the 2the utterance.（人大 2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.When a teacher says “The exam this year is going to be really difficult“ , the sentence would have an 1force.（清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.There has been a maxim in 1which claims that “You are what you say. “（中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_。

2、d to literary style. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.“The world is like a stage“ is an example of 1, and “All the world is a stage“ is an example of 2. They are often used in analyzing features of literary language. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_3.At different times, different patterns of metre and sound have developed and become accepted as ways of structuring poems. Among them, 1 consists of lines in iambic pentameter which does not rhyme. (中山大。

3、ish.（浙江大学 2007研) a. As for meal, we Chinese like to eat chopsticks , and you spoons. b. You have helped me a lot. Really troubled you . c. They are happy but we are far more happier .（分数：2.00）_2.Read the following paragraphs and then answer four questions. (北外 2011研)The idea behind the experiential vision of learning is that the use of the target language for communicative purposes is not only the goal of le。

4、a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.In Saussures view, the relationship between signifier(sound image) and signified (concept) is 1(北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the 1it is associated with. (人大 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_。

5、r illustrating 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.In English there are a number of 1, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Phonetic similarity means that the 1of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.（中山大学 2011 研)（分数：2.00。

6、e teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3. 1 is a grammar-based language teaching method in which principles of grammatical and lexical gradation are used and new teaching points presented and practiced through situations.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.There are three principles of language testing: 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、单项选择题(总题数：21，分数：42.00)5.Which of the following state。

7、 connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses. (人大 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Coordination and subordination belong to 1construction.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.A 1sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and“, “but“ , or .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb, and at the same time stands structurally alone is known as a 1clause.（分数：2.00）填空项 1。

8、the four usages, illustrating your points with your own examples where necessary.1)不过二年，君必无患。
2)他十七岁就结婚，一年后当了爸爸不过十八岁。
3)这是个乖巧不过的孩子。
4)我也没有长策，不过这种事情，其事已迫，不能计出万全的。
（分数：2.00）_2.Comment on the following observation in about 150 words.(武汉大学 2010 研)“The meaning of a word is not an unanalysable whole. “（分数：2.00）_3.When a teacher sa。

9、ass17 prescriptive approach18 descriptive approach19 IC analysis20 structural analysis21 immediate constituent22 ultimate constituent23 constituent structural grammar24 transformational grammar25 ideational function英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷 2 答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Morpheme: Morpheme is the smallest unit of language, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.【知识模块】 名词解释2 【正确答案】 Free morpheme; Free morp。

10、ourse analysis 10 given information11 new information 12 topic 13 cohesion14 coherence 15 discourse marker 16 adjacency pair17 preference structure 18 presequence 19 critical discourse analysis20 sociolinguistics 21 standard language 22 dialect23 register 24 pidgin 25 Creole英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷 4 答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Anaphora: Anaphora refers to the process where a word or phrase refers back to another word or phrase which was used earlier in a text or conversation.【知识模块】 名词解释2 【正确答案】 Presupposition: 。

11、conversational implicature was proposed by 1. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3. 1were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the 1principle proposed by J. Grice.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.In Austins How to Do Things with word, he first distinguishes performatives and 1, later on Austin made a 。

12、inguistics13 articulator14 assimilation15 consonant16 elision17 intonation18 phoneme19 phonetics20 phonology21 stress22 voicing23 voiceless24 vowel25 morphology英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷 1 答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Linguistics; Linguistics is the scientific or systemic study of language.(It is a science in the sense that it scientifically studies the rules, systems and principles of human languages. It deals with a wide range of linguistic phenomena, analyzes them, and makes general statements about them.)【知识模块】。

13、esis 11 linguistic determinism 12 linguistic relativity13 cognitive 14 linguistics 15 categorization16 category 17 prototype theory 18 metaphor19 metonymy 20 iconicity 21 grammaticalization22 first language acquisition 23 behaviorist approach 24 innateness approach25 second language acquisition 英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷 5 答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Language planning: Governments and people carefully examine all the language and dialects in the country and decide which is the standard, official language or langua。

14、 tail. There are eleven postures of the tail that express such emotions as self-confidence, Confident threat, lack of tension, uncertain threat, depression, defensiveness, active submission, and complete submission. This system seems to be complex. Suppose there were a thousand different emotions that the wolf could express in this way. Would you then say a wolf had a language similar to mans? If not, why not?3 What is the test most often used for determining phonemes in a language? Illustr。

15、1 connotative meaning12 semantic field13 lexical gap14 componential analysis15 semantic feature16 synonymy17 antonymy18 hyponymy19 meronymy20 semantic role21 entailment22 presupposition23 pragmatics 24 deixis 25 reference英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷 3 答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Interpersonal function; Language serves to set up and maintain social and personal relations, including communication roles such as questioner and respondent, and to express the language users own attitudes and comments to the content o。

16、grass in a pipe and smoking it can make you sick.b. Fumes from smoldering grass can make you sick.Terry loves his wife and so do I.They said she would go yesterday.(3)The governor is a dirty street fighter.The design has big squares and circles.1 Explain the semantic ambiguity of the following sentences by providing two or more sentences that paraphrase the multiple meanings. Example: She cant bear children can mean either She cant give birth to children or She cant tolerate child。

17、 9 audiolingual method10 communicative language teaching 11 testing 12 achievement test 13 validity14 reliability 15 proficiency test 16 subjective test 17 objective test18 language aptitude test 19 diagnostic test 20 backwash effect二、简答题21 If language is partially defined as communication, can we call the noises that dogs make language? Why or why not?22 One of the main features of our human languages is arbitrariness. Can you briefly explain what this feature refers to? Support your argument w。

18、2.In the Phases IV of CALL Development, instead of writing specific programs for language teaching, 1has adapted to language teaching by enabling students to compose and try out their own writings in a non-permanent form.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.MT can be divided into two types: 1and 2.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4. 1a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5. 1refers to the use of 。

19、 Black English has been widely discussed. The discussions between the presidents ended last week. A week has seven days. Every day I feed my cat. Cats have four legs. The cat is on the mat. Mat has three letters.2 Find the general words which contribute to the coherence of the following extract, and discuss how each of these words is used.And what about interviewing, because you interview a number of politicians like, well, the Prime Minister or the Chancellor or the Exchequer. Is that an easy 。

20、9;import/importtake/ took good/better convict/convictman/men she/her imprint/im printeat/ate am/are dispute/disputeWhat morphological process is at work in each column?Describe in your own words the difference between the process exemplified in Column I and that in Column II.(3)Think of at least one more English example to add to each column.2 Each of the following words can be either a noun or a verb. record outline report journey convict outrage exchange impr。