1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 18及答案解析(总分：162.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：33，分数：66.00)1.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and 1 of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness
2、. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.In Saussures view, the relationship between signifier(sound image) and signified (concept) is 1(北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the 1it
3、is associated with. (人大 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.The features that define our human languages can be called 1features. (北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. T
4、his quality is labeled as 1.(北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.By 1is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. (北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.
5、Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has 1, interpersonal and textual functions. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.Our language can be used to talk about itself. This is the 1function of language. (中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9. 1function is realized by mood and moda
6、lity. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is 1function. (北二外 2000研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false
7、. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called 1. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is 1function. (北二外 2005研)（分数
8、：2.00）填空项 1:_13.Linguistics is usually defined as the 1study of language. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called 1. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called 1.
9、 (北二外2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16. 1mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.Semantics and 1investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.In linguis
10、tics, 1refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19. 1can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the r
11、elationship between language and society.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called 1. (北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21.Psycholinguistics is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological 1of linguistic structures. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）
12、填空项 1:_22.Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as 1and 2. The former refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of langu
13、age either through speech or through writing. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23. 1grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while 2grammars tell people what should be in the language. Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described. (人大 2006研
14、)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.One of the important distinctions in linguistics is 1 and performance. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.An approach in linguistic study which attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used is 1. (北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26.Chomsky initiated the distinct
15、ion between 1and performances. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_27.When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is 1function. (北二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_28.The idea of 1was first developed by Roman Jacobson (18
16、96 - 1982) in the 1940s as a means of working out a set of phonological contrasts or oppositions to capture particular aspects of language sounds. (中山大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_29.Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the 1theory.（分数：2.00）
17、填空项 1:_30.Modern linguistic is 1in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_31.The description of a language as it changes through time is a 1study.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_32.Linguistic potential is similar to Saussu
18、res langue and Chomskys 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_33.One of the important distinctions in linguistics is 1 and parole. The former is the French word for “language“, which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking, listening, writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of languag
19、e by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、判断题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)34.It is conclusive that Chinese is regarded as the primeval language. (清华 2000研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假35.Wherever humans exist, language exists. (对外经贸 2006研)（分数：2.
20、00）A.真B.假36.According to Saussure, the relation between the signified and the signifier is arbitrary. (大连外 国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假37.The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES. (大连外 国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假38.Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of la
21、nguage. (清华 2000研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假39.The bow-wow theory is a theory on the origin of language. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假40.When language is used to get information from others, it serves an informative function. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假41.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic
22、 study.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假42.Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假43.Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it can
23、tell us how to speak correct language.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：16，分数：32.00)44.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.ArbitrarinessB.ConventionC.Duality45.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交通大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.treeB.crash
24、C.typewriterD.bang46.By_we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and recursiveness. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.arbitrarinessB.dualityC.creativityD.displacement47.When language is used to get information from others, it serves an_function. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.informativeB.directiveC.int
25、errogative48.The functions of language do NOT include_. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.informative functionB.interpersonal functionC.metacognitive function49.The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with _. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.articulatory phoneticsB.ac
26、oustic phoneticsC.auditory phonetics50.Which of the following is a main branch of linguistics? (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.MacrolinguisticsB.PsycholinguisticsC.Sociolinguistics51.Saussure is closely connected with_. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.LangueB.CompetenceC.Etic52.Saussure took a (n)_ view of lang
27、uage, while Chomsky looks at language from a _point of view. (西安交通大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.sociological. psychologicalB.psychological. . . sociologicalC.applied. pragmaticD.semantic . linguistic53.According to F. de Saussure, _refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech
28、 community. (西安交通大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language54._refers to the system of a language, i. e. the arrangement of sounds and words which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of. (西安交通大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.LangueB.CompetenceC.Communicative competenceD.Linguistic poten
29、tial55.The actual production and comprehension of the speech by speakers of a language is called _. (北二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）A.grammar rulesB.competenceC.performanceD.language device56.The study of language at one point in time is a_study. (北二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）A.historicalB.synchronicC.descriptiveD.diachr
30、onic57.Which of the following statements is true of Jacobsons framework of language functions?（分数：2.00）A.The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake.B.The emotive function is to convey message and information.C.The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanin
31、gs.D.The phatic function is to establish communion with others.58.“An refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago.“ This shows that language has the design feature of_.（分数：2.00）A.arbitrarinessB.creativityC.dualityD.displacement59.The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree
32、 Centigrade“ is_.（分数：2.00）A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative四、简答题(总题数：9，分数：18.00)60.What is the directive function? (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）_61.How well, in your opinion, does the word “communication“ represent the function of human language? (北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）_62.Briefly explain w
33、hat phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kind of relationships hold between the two. (北外 2002研)（分数：2.00）_63.What makes language unique to human beings? (北航 2010研)（分数：2.00）_64.What are the major differences between phonology and phonetics? (西安交通大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）_65.Why do people take
34、duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_66.Why do we say linguistics is a science? (北外 2011研)（分数：2.00）_67.One of the design features of human language is creativity. What is it? A
35、nd what makes it possible?（分数：2.00）_68.Explain the characteristic of arbitrariness. What are the relationships between arbitrariness langue and parole vs. competence and performance. (北京交通大学2007研)（分数：2.00）_80.What are the three metafunctions of Systemic Functional Grammar? Illustrate each of them wi
36、th specific examples. (武汉大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）_81.How do you compare the traffic light system with a human linguistic system?（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 18答案解析(总分：162.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：33，分数：66.00)1.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and 1 of language makes learning a langu
37、age laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Conventionality）解析：解析：语言学习过程中学习者必须识记一些固定搭配或约定俗成的习语谚语等，因此使得语言学习比较费力。2.In Saussures view, the relationship between signifier(
38、sound image) and signified (concept) is 1(北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Arbitrary）解析：解析：索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。3.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the 1it is associated with. (
39、人大 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Meaning）解析：解析：索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。4.The features that define our human languages can be called 1features. (北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Design）解析：解析：人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。5.Human languages enable their users to symbol
40、ize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as 1.(北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Displacement）解析：解析：移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。6.By 1is meant the property of having two levels of structure
41、s, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. (北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：duality）解析：解析：双重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。7.Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of
42、 language, that is, language has 1, interpersonal and textual functions. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：ideational）解析：解析：韩理德将儿童的语言功能范围逐渐缩小，简化成为一套高度符号化和抽象化的功能：概念、人际、语篇功能。8.Our language can be used to talk about itself. This is the 1function of language. (中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答
43、案：metalingual）解析：解析：语言的元语言功能是指语言可以用来讨论语言本身。9. 1function is realized by mood and modality. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Interpersonal）解析：解析：人际功能通过语气情态实现。10.When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its fu
44、nction is 1function. (北二外 2000研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Interpersonal）解析：解析：人际功能是语言最重要的社会功能，人们由此建立和维持他们的身份和社会地位。11.Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called 1. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空
