1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 26及答案解析(总分：52.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is called 1. It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.“The world is like a stage“ is an example of 1, and
2、“All the world is a stage“ is an example of 2. They are often used in analyzing features of literary language. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_3.At different times, different patterns of metre and sound have developed and become accepted as ways of structuring poems. Among them, 1 consists of lines
3、 in iambic pentameter which does not rhyme. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.A 1foot contains two syllables. A stressed syllable comes first, following by an unstressed syllable. (中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.The term 1was originally coined by the philosopher William James in his principle of Psycholog
4、y (1890) to describe the free association of ides and impression in mind. It was later applied to the writing of William Faulkner, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. (中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Euphemism, which serves as a polite substitute for 1, is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expressi
5、on substituted when the speaker or writer fears that more direct, wording might be harsh or offensive.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、判断题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)7.Metonymy is a kind of figurative language which is usually classed as a type of synecdoche. It refers to using the name of part of an object to talk about the
6、whole thing, and vice versa, as the use of “hands“ in “We are short of hands“. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假8.Blank verse consists of lines in iambic pentameters which do not rhyme. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假9.The initial consonants are identical in alliteration. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假10.The
7、term Stream of consciousness writing was originally coined by the philosopher William James in his Principle of Psychology to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假11.Authorial style looks closely at how linguistic choices help to construct te
8、xtual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假12.The opinion that a language is primitive reflects the social judgment of the language. (对外经贸 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、
9、单项选择题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)13.“Formal“ and “informal“ are features of_. (对外经贸 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.slangB.lingua francaC.styleD.jargon14._is a figurative use of language which implies a comparison between two unlike elements. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.SimileB.MetaphorC.MetonymyD.Synecdoche15.The cognitive appr
10、oach to literature does not include_（分数：2.00）A.Figure and GroundB.Image SchemataC.Cognitive MetaphorD.Judgment and comparison四、简答题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)16.What are the differences between simile and metaphor? (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_17.How to analyze dramatic language? VI. Essay questions（分数：2.00）_五、名词解释(总题数
11、：5，分数：10.00)18.Foregrounding (北交大 2007研)（分数：2.00）_19.Speech and thought presentation (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_20.Metonymy (北航 2010研)（分数：2.00）_21.Stylistics（分数：2.00）_22.Third-person narrators（分数：2.00）_六、1 举例说明题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)23.What is the relationship between language and literature? (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.
12、00）_24.What is the main difference between literal language and figurative language? (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）_25.Read the following sentence and illustrate the ideas behind this statement: “Register is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particular style of language and i
13、ts context of use.“ (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_26.List different types of Speech presentation and Thought presentation.（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 26答案解析(总分：52.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is called 1. It focuses on the study of ling
14、uistic features related to literary style. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Stylistics）解析：解析：文体学作为语言学的分支，主要研究文学文体中语言的特征，并试图建立一些规则，以解释个体和社团在语言使用过程中的特殊选择。2.“The world is like a stage“ is an example of 1, and “All the world is a stage“ is an example of 2. They are often used in analyzing features
15、of literary language. (人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：simile）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：metaphor。）解析：解析：明喻是通过展现一种事物如何与另一事物相似来解释这种事物是什么样子的方法，它用 as或 like等词在文本中作为明确标志。暗喻也是对两个并不相像的要素作出对比，这种对比是隐含的而不是直接表达的。3.At different times, different patterns of metre and sound have developed and become accepted as ways of s
16、tructuring poems. Among them, 1 consists of lines in iambic pentameter which does not rhyme. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Blank verse）解析：解析：不同时代，诗会有不同的韵律模式和语音模式。传统的韵律模式和语音模式包括对句，四行诗，无韵诗等。其中无韵诗是由不押韵的抑扬格五音步诗组成的。4.A 1foot contains two syllables. A stressed syllable comes first, following by
17、an unstressed syllable. (中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：trochee）解析：解析：抑抑格音步即重轻格或长短格，其由一重读音节后跟一个轻读音节构成。5.The term 1was originally coined by the philosopher William James in his principle of Psychology (1890) to describe the free association of ides and impression in mind. It was later applied
18、 to the writing of William Faulkner, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. (中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：stream of consciousness）解析：解析：意识流写作起初是由威廉姆詹姆斯用来描述思维中印象和观念的自由联系，这种方法的句子结构高度省略。之后许多作家如威廉福克纳，詹姆斯乔伊斯，弗吉尼亚伍尔夫也都在写作中有所用到。6.Euphemism, which serves as a polite substitute for 1, is a mild, indirect o
19、r less offensive word or expression substituted when the speaker or writer fears that more direct, wording might be harsh or offensive.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：taboo expressions）解析：解析：凡是表示禁忌或敏感事物的含蓄、迂回或动听的言词，都叫委婉语。特别是发言者或作者怕直接表达会显得没礼貌或太犀利时，可以用委婉语来表达。二、判断题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)7.Metonymy is a kind of fi
20、gurative language which is usually classed as a type of synecdoche. It refers to using the name of part of an object to talk about the whole thing, and vice versa, as the use of “hands“ in “We are short of hands“. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：转喻是一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法。提喻是用事物的一部分名称来指
21、代整个事物，反之亦然。所以上述例子使用了提喻。8.Blank verse consists of lines in iambic pentameters which do not rhyme. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：无韵诗是由不押韵的抑扬格五音步诗组成的。9.The initial consonants are identical in alliteration. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：在压头韵里，句首的辅音是一致的。10.The term Stream of consciousness writing
22、 was originally coined by the philosopher William James in his Principle of Psychology to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：意识流写作是由哲学家威廉詹姆斯在他的心理学原理中用来描述思维中印象和观念的自由联系。11.Authorial style looks closely at how linguistic choices help to
23、 construct textual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：作者风格通常是指作者的风格，即“世界观”式的作者风格，是指一种写作方式属于特定作者，可以识别。而文本风格紧密关注的是，语言选择如何帮助建构文本意义。12.The opinion that a lan
24、guage is primitive reflects the social judgment of the language. (对外经贸 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：语言并不是简单的，其具有多样性，个体和社团在语言使用过程中会有其特殊的选择。三、单项选择题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)13.“Formal“ and “informal“ are features of_. (对外经贸 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.slangB.lingua francaC.style D.jargon解析：解析：风格一般有正式与非正式之分。14._is a figurati
25、ve use of language which implies a comparison between two unlike elements. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.SimileB.Metaphor C.MetonymyD.Synecdoche解析：解析：暗喻是对两个并不相像的要素作出对比，这种对比是隐含的而不是直接表达的。15.The cognitive approach to literature does not include_（分数：2.00）A.Figure and GroundB.Image SchemataC.Cognitive Metaph
26、orD.Judgment and comparison 解析：解析：从认知角度分析文学有三种方法：图形和背景，意象图式和认知隐喻。四、简答题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)16.What are the differences between simile and metaphor? (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Simile is a way of comparing one thing with another, of explaining what one thing is like by showing how it is similar to ano
27、ther thing, and it explicitly signals itself in a text, with the words as or like. For example, the phrase as cold as ice is a common simile. Although metaphor also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, this comparison is implied rather than stated. That is, it differs from simile in that
28、the words such as like or as do not appear. For example, “The life is a stage“ is a metaphor.)解析：17.How to analyze dramatic language? VI. Essay questions（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：(1) Turn quantity and length How much a character talks can be indicative either of their relative importance in the play, or
29、of how important they appear to think they are. Generally speaking, central characters have longer and more speeches than minor characters. (2) Exchange sequence: The patterns of exchange of a dramatic dialogue which are considered appropriate by speakers of English. For example, the two-part exchan
30、ges such as greeting - greeting, question - answer. (3) Production errors: Deliberately used forms such as hesitation to convey something about the character (4) The cooperative principle: this principle is proposed by Grice. He asserted people used to make sense of their conversation by enabling th
31、em to distinguish between sentence meaning and utterance meaning. He also suggested that people actually break these maxims quite often when they talk. (5) Status marked through language: Many of the properties of language discussed can be used to signal the relative status and changes in status, of
32、 characters. Particularly, language can be used to signal to what extent the relationship between an addresser and addressee is based on a social power difference, and to what extent it is based on solidarity. (6) Register: It is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a pa
33、rticular style of language and its context of use. An example of a linguistic register is legal discourse, we recognize a legal document when we see one, but lawyers are the only people who are trained to produce them using appropriate linguistic choices. (7) Speech and silence: Concerning female ch
34、aracters in plays, there is evidence that men tend to talk more than women in mixed sex conversations.)解析：五、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)18.Foregrounding (北交大 2007研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Foregrounding: This term is meant for what is unusual, attractive, unconventional, salient. In literature, foregrounding is
35、 often achieved through unconventional expressions which attract the readers attention. The main manifestations of foregrounding are deviation and parallelism.)解析：19.Speech and thought presentation (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Speech and thought presentation: These two terms are used for the lan
36、guage in fiction, referring to the presenting forms for indicating the narrators speech or thought. The speech presentation may have the following four possibilities: direct speech, indirect speech, narrators representation of speech acts, and narrators representation of speech. The Thought presenta
37、tion can also be categorized into: narrators representation of thought, narrators representation of thought acts, indirect thought, free indirect thought, and direct thought.)解析：20.Metonymy (北航 2010研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is
38、not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. For instance, “Washington“, as the capital of the United States, can be used as a metonym (an instance of metonymy) for the United States government.)解析：21.Stylistics（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Stylis
39、tics is a branch of linguistics studies the features of situationally distinctive uses (varieties) of language, and tries to establish principles capable of accounting for the particular choices made by individual and social groups in their use of language.)解析：22.Third-person narrators（分数：2.00）_正确答案
40、：(正确答案：If the narrator is not a character in the fictional world, he or she is usually called a third-person narrator because reference to all the characters in the fictional world of the story will involve the use of the third-person pronouns, it, she, he or they. This second main type of narrator
41、is arguably the dominant narrator type.)解析：六、1 举例说明题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)23.What is the relationship between language and literature? (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Literature is closely related to language. Generally speaking, it is marked by careful use of language, such as creative metaphors, elegant
42、 syntax, and so on. It reaches to human beings mostly via language. It could be seen as a language in use. The existence of literature owes a lot to language. The language used in literature is quite often different from language used in other fields, such as everyday use. In linguistics, the term “
43、genre“ is used to refer not only to types of literary works but also to any identifiable type of discourse, whether literary or not. Therefore, literature could be viewed as a particular range of genres or discourse types; that is, as a particular subset of the repertory of genres, existing in a given speech community. For example, written literature is discourse that may be read at a far distance in time a place fr
