1、英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷 8 及答案与解析一、简答题1 Each of the following columns illustrates a different morphological process. Column I Column II Column IIImouse/mice go/went record/recordride/rode is/was import/importtake/ took good/better convict/convictman/men she/her imprint/im printeat/ate am/are dispute/disputeW
2、hat morphological process is at work in each column?Describe in your own words the difference between the process exemplified in Column I and that in Column II.(3)Think of at least one more English example to add to each column.2 Each of the following words can be either a noun or a verb. record out
3、line report journey convict outrage exchange imprint answer remark contest import surprise retreat crippleFor each word, determine whether stress placement can be used to make the distinction between the noun and the verb.Think of two more English examples illustrating the process of stress shift to
4、 mark a category distinction.3 In English, the suffix -er can be added to a place name. Examine the words in the two columns below.Column A Column BLondoner GlasgowerNew Yorker DenvererBerliner SydneyerDubkiner AustraliaerNewfoundlander VictoriaerWinnipeger CalcuttaerNew Zealander BristolerIn genera
5、l terms, what does the suffix -er mean in these words?How is this -er different in meaning from the -er found in the words skater and walker?(3)State the constraint on the distribution of -er illustrated above in your own words.Does this constraint also apply to the type of -er used in the word skat
6、er?(Hint: What would you call “one who discovers“ or “one who ploughs“?)4 Determine whether the words in each of the following groups are related to one another by processes of inflection or derivation.go, goes, going, gonediscover, discovery, discoverer, discoverable, discoverability(3)lovely, love
7、lier, loveliestinventor, inventors, inventors, inventorsdemocracy, democrat, democratic, democratize5 Do you think that morphology and syntax should be treated as separate are as of study? Give reasons to support your views.5 Place an asterisk next to any of the sentences that sound ungrammatical to
8、 you. Explain what makes these sentences ungrammatical.6 The tutor told the students to study.7 The tutor suggested the students to study.8 The customer asked for a cold beer.9 The customer requested for a cold beer.10 He gave the Red Cross some money.11 He donated the Red Cross some money.12 The pi
9、lot landed the jet.13 The jet landed.14 A journalist wrote the article.15 The article wrote very well.16 Julie is bored of her job.17 Julie is tired of her job.18 Myself bit John.19 I was surprised for you to get married.20 Has the nurse slept the baby yet?21 Explain why the following sentence is un
10、grammatical. Which personal pronoun in English would have the same form whether it occupied the position of “us“ or “she“ below?* Us visit she on Sundays.22 5.List as many examples of these constituents as you can identify in sentences(a)and(b)below: NP, PP, VP.List as many examples of these lexical
11、 categories as you can identify in sentences(a)and(b): N, prep, V.a. A Guns “N“ Roses concert at an arena near ST. Louis ended in disaster after some 2500 fans staged a full-fledged riot.b. The trouble started when Axl Rose asked venue security to confiscate a camera he saw near the front of the sta
12、ge.23 What prescriptive rules for the “proper“ use of English are not obeyed in the following sentences?Thats the girl I gave my roller skates to.He wanted to simply borrow your car for an hour.24 In the following sentence, the phrase “in the car“ could be used(i)to show where the biting took place
13、or(ii)to specify that it was the man in the car that was bitten. How would the tree diagrams for(i)and(ii)differ?The dog bit the man in the car.英语专业语言学（综合）模拟试卷 8 答案与解析一、简答题1 【正确答案】 Morphological process:column I : Ablaut or Umlaut column II : Suppletion column III : Stress ModificationAblaut and Uml
14、aut refer to vowel alternations in morphological process. In each pair of words, the nucleus changed conditioned by different inflectional morphemes, for example: mouse/mice(number), ride/rode(tense).As for the case of column H , total modification is involved. Its occurrence is by its nature idiosy
15、ncratic within inflectional categories established by regular processes. For example , the regular form for English past tense is -ed, but the past form of go is went; and the normal comparative form for adjectives is -er, but the comparative form of good is better. It is like the creation of a new
16、word totally.More examples;column I : goose/geese draw/drewcolumn II : we/us bad/worsecolumn III: content/content export/export【知识模块】 简答题2 【正确答案】 For all of the following words, stress placement can be used to make the distinction betweenthe noun and the verb.record n. / record v. convict n. /convic
17、t v. contest n. /contest v.While for the following words, stress placement cannot be used to make the distinction between the noun and the verb.outline, report, journey, outrage, exchange, imprint, answer, remark, import, surprise, retreat, cripple.More examples; increase n. /increase v. protest n.
18、/protest v.【知识模块】 简答题3 【正确答案】 “-er“ means the residents of a place.“ -er“ added to a place name like “ Londoner“ means the residents of a place; while “ -er“ added to a verb such as “skater“ , “walker“ means the doer of an action.“ -er“ can be added to a place name only when the pronunciation of tha
19、t place ends with a consonant like k, n, d and g. If it ended with a vowel, it can not be modified by an -er .However, such constraint sometimes applies to the type of “-er“ used in the word skater, that is, the kind of “ -ed“ used after a verb, and sometimes not. For example, the verb discover ende
20、d with a central vowel /?: /, but we still use “ discoverer“ to call one who discovers; the verb plough ended with a back vowel /?/, and we use the word “ploughman“ to call one who ploughs.【知识模块】 简答题4 【正确答案】 inflection: go - goes(number go - going - gone(tense)derivationinflection: lovely - lovelier
21、(comparative)- loveliest(superlative)inflection; inventor - inventors(case); inventor - inventors(number); inventors - inventors(case)derivation【知识模块】 简答题5 【正确答案】 Although morphology and syntax are both concerning the study of formation, I do think there should be a division between the two. The maj
22、or distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, while the latter is concerned with the combination of words to form grammatical sentences.【知识模块】 简答题【知识模块】 简答题6 【正确答案】 Grammatical【知识模块】 简答题7 【正确答案】 * Ungrammatical. Instead of using
23、 the form “suggest somebody to do something“ , we usually use “suggest + that-clause“ or “suggest doing“ , here we d better substitute “advise“ for “suggest“.【知识模块】 简答题8 【正确答案】 Grammatical【知识模块】 简答题9 【正确答案】 * Ungrammatical. The word “request“ is a transitive verb which should take an object directly
24、, so the word “for“ should be omitted.【知识模块】 简答题10 【正确答案】 Grammatical【知识模块】 简答题11 【正确答案】 * Ungrammatical. The word “donate“ cannot be followed by double objects as “donate somebody something“. Instead we always use “donate something to somebody“.【知识模块】 简答题12 【正确答案】 * Ungrammatical. The word “land“ i
25、s usually used as an intransitive verb, which cant take an object.【知识模块】 简答题13 【正确答案】 Grammatical【知识模块】 简答题14 【正确答案】 Grammatical【知识模块】 简答题15 【正确答案】 * Ungrammatical. The subject of the verb “write“ is usually a human; an “article“ cannot write itself. In this case the passive construction is normally
26、 used: The article was very well written.【知识模块】 简答题16 【正确答案】 * Ungrammatical. Usually we dont use “be bored of something/somebody“ , but “be bored with something/somebody“ which means losing interest in somebody/something.【知识模块】 简答题17 【正确答案】 Grammatical【知识模块】 简答题18 【正确答案】 * Ungrammatical. Here “myse
27、lf“ is a reflexive pronoun, which cant be used as subject, and it should be replaced by “I“.【知识模块】 简答题19 【正确答案】 * Ungrammatical. The word “surprise“ is usually used as a transitive verb, so the expression “surprise for you“ is ungrammatical, and it can be replaced by “ surprise somebody(with somethi
28、ng)“ or “I was surprised by your getting married. “【知识模块】 简答题20 【正确答案】 * Ungrammatical. The word “sleep“ is usually used as an intransitive verb, which cant take an object. The cases of “sleep“ being used as a transitive verb are semantically limited, as in “to sleep a good sleep“ or “the room can s
29、leep 3 people“.【知识模块】 简答题21 【正确答案】 This sentence is ungrammatical because it uses “us“ , an accusative in the place of a subject and a nominative “she“ in the place of an object. The correct form should be “We visit her on Sundays. “ In English, the pronoun “you“ and “it“ would have the same form wh
30、ether it occupied the position of subject or object.【知识模块】 简答题22 【正确答案】 NP; a Guns “N“ Roses concert, some 2500 fans, a full-fledged riot, the troubles, venue security, a camera he saw, the front of the stage. PP; at an arena, in disaster, near ST. Louis, after some 2500 fans staged a full-fledged r
31、iot. VP: ended in disaster, staged a full-fledged riot, the troubles started, confiscated a camera, near the front of the stage.N; concert, fans, riot, troubles, venue, security, camera, stage, arena, ST. Louis, disaster Prep; at, after, near, the front of, in V: ended, staged, started, asked, confi
32、scated, saw【知识模块】 简答题23 【正确答案】 “I gave my roller skates to“ serves as an attributive clause modifying the main clause “That is the girl“ , thus should be connected with an introductory word “who/whom“.Based on the meaning of the sentence, “simply“ as a adverb should be used to modify verb “wanted“ ,
33、 but was mistakenly put before “borrow“ , thus fail to obey the prescriptive rules for the proper use of English.【知识模块】 简答题24 【正确答案】 1.(The(dog)bit(the(man)(in(the(car).The first one is to specify that it was the man in the car that was bitten.2.(The(dog)(bit(the(man)(in(the(car). The second one aims to show where the biting took place.【知识模块】 简答题
