1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 21及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)1.IC is the short form of immediate 1used in the study of syntax. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2. 1refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses. (人大 20
2、07研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Coordination and subordination belong to 1construction.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.A 1sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and“, “but“ , or .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb, and at the same time stands structurally alone is kn
3、own as a 1clause.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.IC analysis emphasizes the 1structure of a sentence, seeing it as consisting of word groups first.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called 1rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.（分数：2.00）填
4、空项 1:_8.Syntactic relations include 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、单项选择题(总题数：11，分数：22.00)9._refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units because they may occur together in a sentence. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.Syntagmatic relationsB.Hypotactic relationsC.Paradigmatic relationsD
5、.Paratactic relations10.For structuralists, _is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.coordinate constructionB.subordinate constructionC.endocentric constructionD.exocentric construction11.Phrase structure rules allow
6、us to better understand_. (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.how people produce and recognize possible sentencesB.what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC.how words and phrases form sentencesD.All of the above12.Bloomfield introduced the IC analysis, whose full name is_Analysis. (北二外 2010研)（分数：2
7、.00）A.Internal ComponentB.Innate CapacityC.Internal ConstituentD.Immediate Constituent13.The phrase “on the shelf“ belongs to_construction.（分数：2.00）A.endocentricB.exocentricC.subordinateD.coordinate14._refers to construction where one clause is coordinated or conjoined with another.（分数：2.00）A.Conjoi
8、ningB.EmbeddingC.ConcordD.Government15.The criterion used in IC analysis is_.（分数：2.00）A.transformationB.conjoiningC.groupingD.substitutability16.The phrase “my small childs cot“ is an ambiguous phrase, which can be revealed by _tree diagrams.（分数：2.00）A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four17._is a grammatical categ
9、ory used for the analysis of word classes displaying such contrast as singular, dual, plural, etc. _.（分数：2.00）A.CategoryB.NumberC.GenderD.Case18.In English, _and_are often expressed by subject and object.（分数：2.00）A.theme and rhymeB.theme and predicateC.predicate and objectD.subject and predicate19.W
10、hich one of them is not the cohesive device_.（分数：2.00）A.ellipsisB.referenceC.substitutionD.subject三、简答题(总题数：9，分数：18.00)20.How does modern language define “object“? Provide an example. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）_21.Whats your understanding of “Gender“? (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）_22.What are the endocentric and e
11、xocentric constructions? (北交大 2007；武汉大学 2004研；西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）_23.What are the advantages of using tree diagrams in the analysis of sentence structures? (西安交通大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）_24.How do you understand syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations? (北二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）_25.Endocentric construction is on
12、e whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i. e. , a word or a group of words, which serve as a definable centre or head (中山大学 201 1年研)（分数：2.00）_26.Analyze the morphemic structure of the English words gentlemanliness and unlockable, using a labeled tr
13、ee diagram to illustrate the morphemic structure of the word under analysis (南开大学 2011年研)(1) gentlemanliness (2) unlockable（分数：2.00）_27.What is move- rule?（分数：2.00）_28.What are theme and rheme?（分数：2.00）_四、名词解释(总题数：8，分数：16.00)29.Paradigmatic relations (北交大 2005研；中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_30.Immediate cons
14、tituent (武汉大学 2008研；武汉大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_31.Endocentric construction (四川大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_32.IC analysis (四川大学 2010研；人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）_33.Concord (or: Agreement) (武汉大学 2008研；中山大学 2008研；上海交大 2007研)（分数：2.00）_34.Embedding (武汉大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_35.Logical subject(中山大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）_36.anaphor(南开大学
15、2011年研)（分数：2.00）_五、1 举例说明题(总题数：9，分数：18.00)37.Why is it important to know the relations a sign has with others, such as syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations? (北航 2008研；四川大学 2008研；北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）_38.Advantages and Disadvantages of Immediate Constituent Analysis (IC Analysis). (北交大2006研)（分数：2.00）
16、_39.Disambiguate the following sentences, using the tree diagram with labels or analyzing their syntactic structures. (北交大 2006研)1.Times flies like an arrow.2.We got down from the duck.3.Old men and women will be served first.4.John passed the hammer and saw through the window.5.Who would you like t
17、o visit?（分数：2.00）_40.Which of the following sentences are ambiguous? If you know how, use tree diagrams to show how these sentences are ambiguous. (南京大学 2006研)(1) The children put the toy in tile box.(2) The professors appointment was shocking.(3) No smoking section is available.(4) Jack refused to
18、change his decision.（分数：2.00）_41.What, in your view, makes a text a text, rather than a series of unconnected utterances? What are the implications of your answer for second language teaching? (北外 2006研)（分数：2.00）_42.In interpreting utterances such as (1) and (2) , the hearer generally treats the eve
19、nts described in the two sentences in each group as causally related even though such relationship is not encoded in the meanings of the sentences. That is, the hearer tends to think that Helen fell on the ground because of Toms pushing and that the vase broke because it was dropped. Explain why. (北
20、外 2005研)(1) Tom pushed Helen. Helen fell on the ground. (2) Peter dropped the vase. It broke.（分数：2.00）_43.What is the aim of IC (immediate constituent) analysis? Make an IC analysis of the following sentence by means of either brackets or a tree diagram?My mother said Mary liked the handbag. (北外 201
21、0研)（分数：2.00）_44.For each of the following pairs of sentences, discuss how the two sentences are different from each other. (南京大学 2006研)(1) A. His carelessness I cant bear.B. I cant bear his carelessness. (2) A. A dagger killed the tourist. B. The tourist was killed with a dagger. (3) A. A hurricane
22、killed eight people. B. Eight people died in a hurricane.（分数：2.00）_45.In your opinion in what ways can corpus data contribute to lexical studies? (南开大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 21答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)1.IC is the short form of immediate 1used in the study of syntax.
23、(北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：constituent）解析：解析：随接成分分析法是一种句法分析方法。它指先把句子分析为直接成分一词组(或短语)，再把这些直接成分依次切分，得到各自的直接成分，层层切分，直到最终成分为止。2. 1refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses. (人大 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：
24、正确答案：Cohesion）解析：解析：衔接不是一个句法概念，它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联系或关系，也包括句子或分句之问存在的一种形式上的联系。3.Coordination and subordination belong to 1construction.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：endocentric）解析：解析：向心结构包含一个作为整体结构的中心或核心的成分，该中心或核心可以在最后，也可以在开头。从结构上可以划分为两类：主从结构和并列结构。4.A 1sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word
25、, such as “and“, “but“ , or .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：coordinate）解析：解析：并列从句是指一个句子由两个分句组成，这两个分句通常是由如 hut，and，or 这些并列连渊来连接的。5.A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb, and at the same time stands structurally alone is known as a 1clause.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：finite）解析：解析：限定性从句通常有一个主语和一
26、个限定性动词，且在结构上是独立的。6.IC analysis emphasizes the 1structure of a sentence, seeing it as consisting of word groups first.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Hierarchical）解析：解析：随接成分分析法是一种句法分析方法。它指先把句子分析为直接成分一词组(或短语)，再把这些直接成分依次切分，得到各自的直接成分，层层切分，直到最终成分为止。7.Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally call
27、ed 1rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Transformational）解析：解析：句法移位是一种转换规则，指一个句子的任意成分从原来的位置移到另一个新位置。它可能会引起句子句法的变化。8.Syntactic relations include 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：positional relation，relation of substitutability
28、and relation of occurrence）解析：解析：有三种句法关系，即(1)位置关系；(2)替代关系；(3)同现关系。二、单项选择题(总题数：11，分数：22.00)9._refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units because they may occur together in a sentence. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.Syntagmatic relations B.Hypotactic relationsC.Paradigmatic relat
29、ionsD.Paratactic relations解析：解析：句法关系可能发生在句子层面，所以通常我们说句法关系是指一个语言单位与另一个语言单位之间的关系。10.For structuralists, _is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.coordinate constructionB.subordinate constructionC.endocentric constructio
30、n D.exocentric construction解析：解析：向心结构包含一个作为整体结构的中心或核心的成分，该中心或核心可以在最后，也可以在开头。11.Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand_. (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.how people produce and recognize possible sentencesB.what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC.how words and phrases form senten
31、cesD.All of the above 解析：解析：乔姆斯基在其经典理论中提出短语结构规则，这个规则有助于我们更好的明白句子是如何产生与被理解的，以及单词和短语是怎样根据语法规则形成句子的。12.Bloomfield introduced the IC analysis, whose full name is_Analysis. (北二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）A.Internal ComponentB.Innate CapacityC.Internal ConstituentD.Immediate Constituent 解析：解析：直接成分这一术语，最先是由布龙菲尔德在语言论中
32、提出的。直接成分分析法，即Immediate constituent analysis，简称 IC Analysis。13.The phrase “on the shelf“ belongs to_construction.（分数：2.00）A.endocentricB.exocentric C.subordinateD.coordinate解析：解析：离心结构是指一个其成分功能不等于它的任何一个成分，没有明显的主词或中心词的结构。在短语“on the shelf”中，没有明显的主词或中心词结构。14._refers to construction where one clause is co
33、ordinated or conjoined with another.（分数：2.00）A.Conjoining B.EmbeddingC.ConcordD.Government解析：解析：当一个从句与另一个从句并列或结合时，这种句子结构就叫做“联合”。15.The criterion used in IC analysis is_.（分数：2.00）A.transformationB.conjoiningC.groupingD.substitutability 解析：解析：直接成分分析法的标准：替换性。看一个词语的序列是否可以被一个单词替换而结构保持不变。16.The phrase “my
34、 small childs cot“ is an ambiguous phrase, which can be revealed by _tree diagrams.（分数：2.00）A.oneB.twoC.three D.four解析：解析：17._is a grammatical category used for the analysis of word classes displaying such contrast as singular, dual, plural, etc. _.（分数：2.00）A.CategoryB.Number C.GenderD.Case解析：解析：数是用
35、来分析词类的语法范畴，有单数、双数和复数等。在英语中，数主要是名词的范畴，包括两种形式：单数和复数。18.In English, _and_are often expressed by subject and object.（分数：2.00）A.theme and rhyme B.theme and predicateC.predicate and objectD.subject and predicate解析：解析：较早提出主位和述位概念的是布拉格学派创始人之一马泰休斯。主位和述位通常指主语和谓语，但主位结构分析属于语义分析，而主语一谓语一补语分析属于结构分析。19.Which one of
36、 them is not the cohesive device_.（分数：2.00）A.ellipsisB.referenceC.substitutionD.subject 解析：解析：有很多衔接手段，例如，指称，替代，省略。主语不属于衔接手段。三、简答题(总题数：9，分数：18.00)20.How does modern language define “object“? Provide an example. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：In modern language, object is defined as such an item that
37、it can become a subject in passive transformation. For example, in sentence “The lion chased the tourist“, “the tourist“ acts as the object. In the passive voiced sentence “The tourist was chased by the lion“, “the tourist“ acts as the subject of the sentence.)解析：21.Whats your understanding of “Gend
38、er“? (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：“Gender“ displays such contrasts as “masculine“, “feminine“, “neuter“, or “animate“ and “inanimate“, etc., for the analysis of word classes. When word items refer to the sex of the real-world entities, we are talking about natural gender. The opposite is grammat
39、ical gender. In English, the gender distinctions are on the whole natural, determined by the biological gender of the creature, e.g. actor, actress; hero, heroine; prince, princess; lion, lioness. In, contrast, the gender distinctions in languages like French are grammatical. They may have nothing to do with the sex of the real-world entities at all. And all nouns have gender distinctions whether they refer to animate entities or not.)解析：22.What are the endocentric and exocentric constructions? (北交大 2007；武汉大学 2004研；西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：An endocentric construction is one whose d
