1、英语专业（基础英语）模拟试卷 10 及答案与解析一、句子改错1 Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves than higher humans can.( )2 However the early gold prospector often lived a lonely and rugged life, far from home and family. ( )3 Potential dehydration is the often greatest hazard that a land animal faces.( )
2、4 The first national park in world, Yellowstone National Park, was established in 1872.( )5 Work hard, you can catch up with them.( )6 Lily usually arrives at the office at eight oclock, but because the storm, she was one hour late this morning.( )7 I noticed two men, not more than twenty, steal a c
3、ustomers wallet and run away.( )二、翻译8 To a degree impossible to exaggerate, the cause of American independence was aided by the clumsiness of Britains wartime leadership, both civilian and military.9 We humans come by our hungry brains in a natural progression.三、选择题10 The doctors_is that shell soon
4、be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet.（A）agnosticism（B） anticipation（C） diagnosis（D）prognosis11 “Are you ready?“ “Why should I be ready when youre not?“ He_.（A）responded（B） retorted（C） resorted（D）retreated12 Imposing steep fines on employers for on-the-job injuries to workers c
5、ould be an effective_ to creating a safer workplace.（A）antidote（B） alternative（C） deterrent（D）incentive13 Cynics believe that people who_compliments do so in order to be praised twice.（A）bask in（B） give out（C） gloat over（D）shrug off14 Even though formidable winters are the norm in the Dakotas, many
6、people were unprepared for the_of the blizzard of 1888.（A）inevitability（B） ferocity（C） probability（D）mildness15 The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause_of vegetables in the coming days.（A）rarity（B） scarcity（C） invalidity（D）variety16 Anyone but a fool could see_that story.（A）about（B） t
7、hrough（C） off（D）out17 The boy was obviously sick_home, and he always wanted to meet his parents.（A）about（B） for（C） of（D）at18 The wounded young woman lay there with no one to help her.（A）groaning（B） weeping（C） sobbing（D）grinning19 This play has been_to Chao Yu.（A）ascribed（B） described（C） prescribed（D
8、）subscribed20 There is a_difference in meaning between the words “surroundings“ and “environment.“（A）gentle（B） humble（C） feeble（D）subtle21 As I have earlier made up my mind to run for governor, I could not_I must go on with the fight.（A）vary（B） withdraw（C） undergo（D）discard22 When the fire broke out
9、, the people lost their_and ran in all directions. Many people lost their life when they ran away from the fire.（A）hearts（B） heads（C） minds（D）souls23 What a sad sight, with all the shops and the people gone.（A）shuttled（B） shuttered（C） shuttles（D）shutters24 When he was a student, his father gave him
10、a monthly_towards his expenses.（A）currency（B） pay（C） allowance（D）permission四、选词填空24 Put the words in brackets into the correct forms.(10 points)My Dear Sister:I am grieved at my inability to see you, I【K1】_(wait)for a more convenient season, which【K2】_(bring)to many before me deep and lasting regret
11、: Now we are in a state of war, which【K3】_(yield)to nothing. The whole South is in a state of revolution, into which Virginia, after a long struggle,【K4 】_(draw); and though I recognize no necessity for this state of things, and(5)_(forebear)and pleaded to the end for redress of grievances, real or
12、supposed, yet in my own person I have to meet the question whether I【K6】_(take)part against my native State.With all my devotion to the Union, and the feeling of loyalty and duty of an American citizen, I【K7】_(not be)able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, myhome.
13、 I therefore【K8】_(resign)my commission in the Army; and,【K9】_(save)in defense ofmy native State(with the sincere hope that my poor service may never be needed), I hope I may never【K10 】_(call upon)to draw my sword.25 【K1】26 【K2】27 【K3】28 【K4】29 【K5】30 【K6】31 【K7】32 【K8】33 【K9】34 【K10】34 Use the word
14、s given below to fill in the blanks to form a complete passage.(There are two extra words in the list)(10 points)standing consciousness interminable senses submissively sufficient natural evolutionary empower footing significant resourcefulMankinds intuition of freedom, and our identification of fre
15、edom with knowledge, sets us apart from animals. The animals grasp of freedom is【X1】_in comparison, being only the freedom to respond to external stimuli. The nearest creature to us on the【X2】_tree of life, the chimpanzee, cannot retain an image for a【X3】_ length of time to be able to reflect on it.
16、 So animal life is largely a matter of conditioned reflexes, performed in a(an)【X4 】_present; in short, animals are little more than machines with【X5】_. While the animal is carried along【X6】 _on the stream of time, mankind has certain capacities that【X7】_us to resist the current or look into the fut
17、ure. Our【X8 】_invention of language was the first step towards this “conquest of time“. Language fixes experiences, and places the experience of the past on an equal【X9】_with that of the present. Imagination was bound to follow, as a【X10】_progression from “labeling“ a past experience to conjuring up
18、 its mental image.35 【X1】36 【X2】37 【X3】38 【X4】39 【X5】40 【X6】41 【X7】42 【X8】43 【X9】44 【X10】44 Complete the passage by choosing the best sentence for each gap. There are more sentences given than necessary.(15 points)The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, youd expect greater unde
19、rstanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each others countries at a moderate cost. What was once the “grand tour“, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp. The
20、 package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of.【T1】_【T2】_The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his
21、 international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist
22、to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the isl
23、and of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.【T3】_You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjective: musical, amorou
24、s, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers.【T4】_Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous.【T5 】_We are all similar to each other and at the same time
25、 all unique.A. Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.B. The key factor is accessibility. Will you have the opportunity to be in touch with people and events on
26、the ground, or will you be limited to representatives of government tourist bureaus and other officialdom? Will you be allowed to roam freely around the country, chatting with whomever you like, or will your steps be monitored?C. The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence
27、 of national stereotypes. We dont see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are.D. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal a
28、nd inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites of that Latin peoples shout a lot. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?E. Bu
29、t whats the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?F. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact-how trite it sounds!-that all people are human.G. The decision as to whether to spend tourist time a
30、nd money in a country like Burma, now Myanmar, is a complex one, made more confusing by the terms in which the argument is usually joined. Does economic growth fueled by tourism really improve the chances of human rights being respected?45 【T1】46 【T2】47 【T3】48 【T4】49 【T5】五、阅读理解49 Read the passage an
31、d then mark your answers.(6 points)My objective is to analyze certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word power is apt to lead to misunderstandings about the nature, from, and unity of power. By power, I do not mean a group of institutions and m
32、echanisms that ensure the subservience of the citizenry. I do no mean, either, a mode of subjugation that, in contrast to violence, has the form of the rule. Finally, I do not have in mind a general system of domination exerted by one group over another, a system whose effects, through successive de
33、rivations, pervade the entire social body. The sovereignty of the state, the form of law, or the overall unity of a domination are only the terminal forms power takes.It seems to me that power must be understood as the multiplicity of force relations that are immanent in the social sphere; as the pr
34、ocess that, through ceaseless struggle and confrontation, transforms, strengthens, or reverses them; as the support that these force relations find in one another, or on the contrary, the disjunctions and contradictions that isolate them from one another; and lastly, as the strategies in which they
35、take effect, whose general design or institutional crystallization is embodied in the state apparatus, in the formulation of the law, in the various social hegemonies.Thus, the viewpoint that permits one to understand the exercise of power, even in its more: peripheral effects, and that also makes i
36、t possible to use its mechanisms as a structural framework for analyzing the social order, must not be sought in a unique source of sovereignty from which secondary and descendent forms of power emanate but ih the moving substrate of free relations that, by virtue of their inequality, constantly eng
37、ender local and unstable states of power If power seems omnipresent, it is not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next, at every point, or rather in every relation from one point to another. Power is
38、everywhere, not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere. And if power at times seems to be permanent, repetitious, insert, and self-reproducing, it is simply because the overall effect that emerges from all these mobilities is a concatenation that rests on each of them a
39、nd seeks in turn to arrest their movement. Our needs to be nominalistic, no doubt: power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowed with; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situation in a particular society.50 With which of the
40、following statements would the author be most likely to agree?（A）Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely.（B） The highest proof of virtue is to possess boundless power without abusing it.（C） To love knowledge is to love power.（D）It is from the people and their deeds that power spri
41、ngs.51 It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes the conflict among social forces to be（A）essentially the same from one society to another even though its outward manifestations may seem different（B） usually the result of misunderstandings that impede social progress（C） an inevita
42、ble feature of the social order of any state（D）wrongly blamed for disrupting the stability of society52 According to the passage, states of power are transient because of the（A）differing natures and directions of the forces that create them（B） rigid structural framework in which they operate（C） uniq
43、ue source from which they emanate（D）pervasive nature and complexity of the mechanisms by which they operate53 What is the authors primary purpose in defining power?54 Please describe the relationship between law and power in your own word.55 Please use two words to describe the authors attitude towa
44、rds the various kinds of compulsion employed by social institutions.六、汉译英56 北京是中国的政治、文化中心。在这里您可以浏览万里长城中的一段八达岭；明、清两代皇室居住的地方故宫；清朝御花园一颐和园和北海；还可以品尝到正宗的北京烤鸭、涮羊肉。上海是中国最大的城市，在这里选购物品最合适。上海品种繁多的小吃、糕点和手工艺品、纺织品，会使您感到满意。离上海仅有几小时路程的苏州和杭州，是中国园林艺术的代表，被人称为“天堂” 。西安是古丝绸之路的起点，也是中国历史上建都最多的城市之一。新发掘的秦兵马俑被称为“ 世界第八大奇迹 ”；大雁
45、塔、鼓楼是唐代留下来的建筑；您可以到杨贵妃洗澡的华清池去洗温泉澡；作为炎黄子孙还可以去拜谒离西安不远的黄帝陵。在西安还可以欣赏到仿唐音乐和歌舞，品尝唐菜。冬季您若怕冷的话可以到没有酷暑和严冬的“春城” 昆明，那里有引人入胜的石林和滇池，还可以到西双版纳去欣赏热带风光。也可以去桂林，沿着漓江顺水而下到阳朔， “ 桂林山水甲天下，阳朔山水甲桂林 ”，这个旅游项目不会使你失望。七、英译汉57 Translate the following part into Chinese.(20 points)And speaking of freedom, is not the author free, as
46、few men are free? Is he not secure, as few men are secure?The tools of his industry are so common and so cheap that they have almost ceased to have commercial value. He needs no bulky pile of raw material, no elaborate apparatus, no service of men or animals. He is dependent for his occupation upon
47、no one but himself, and nothing outside him that matters. He is the sovereign of an empire, self-supporting, self-contained. No one can sequestrate his estates. No one can deprive his of his stock in trade; no one can force him exercise his faculty against his will; no one can prevent him exercising
48、 it as he chooses.The pen is the great liberator of men and nation. No chains can bind, no poverty can chock, no tariff can restrict the free play of his mind, and even the “Times“ Book Club can only exert a moderately depressing influence upon his rewards. Whether his work is good or bad, so long a
49、s he does his best he is happy. I often fortify myself amid the uncertainties and vexations of political life by believing that I posses a line of retreat into a peaceful and fertile country where no rascal can pursue and where one need never be dull or idle or even wholly without power. It is then, indeed, that I feel grateful to all the brave and generous spirits who,
