1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 23（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. Whe
2、n the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.0 Communicating Through InternetThe history of the Internet can be dated back to the 1960s, when the Department
3、of【1】_of America sought 【1】_to【2】_together some research institutions and those across 【2】_ the country for the purpose of data sharing. In the 1970s it was used【3】 _by colleges and universities and some 【3】_ other research institutions. It developed rapidly in the 1980s as more and more universitie
4、s joined the net. In the early90s, HTML and Mosaic were develped with which one couldsee【 4】_real time off the Internet, rather than downloading 【4】_ them. Email is an important【5】_of the Internet, but now 【5】_ the World Wide Web is increasingly the largest part ofour Internet【6】_ 【6】_With the web e
5、-commerce-electronic commerce came into being. Compared to newspapers, radio and television, the Internet made【7】_far less expensive. Whats more, 【7】_ it provided far more detailed data collection and allowed for built in electronic【8】_All this made commerce the 【8】_ driving force for the Internet a
6、nd World Wide Web.The Internet changes all the time and yet providesno complete【 9】_Finding information has been made easier 【9】_ by such attempts as gopher, hotlists,Yahoo and manyothers. Generally we use commonly searched terms. Most of the search【10】_use double quotation marks to designate 【10】_a
7、 phrase to narrow down the search. Now meta-searchengines have been developed. They speed up searches quite a bit and provide more complete searches.1 【1】2 【2】3 【3】4 【4】5 【5】6 【6】7 【7】8 【8】9 【9】10 【10】SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully
8、 and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.11 At the beginning Lauren mentions the following negative effects of gambling E
9、XCEPT_.（A）financial problems（B） family problems（C） work problems（D）mental problems 12 Lauren suggests that a person beginning to be bothered by gambling_.（A）talk to some friends（B） quit gambling immediately（C） appeal to professional service（D）concentrate on work 13 Pokie machines are addictive for t
10、he following reasons EXCEPT that_.（A）they seem to be fun to beginners（B） they allow big wins（C） they are easy to play（D）big wins seem possible given enough time and money 14 Many people set themselves a limit of money each time they gamble because_.（A）they cannot afford more（B） they do not want to l
11、ose more（C） they do not think more will do（D）they want to save more money for gambling later on 15 It can be inferred from the interview that_.（A）Lauren enjoys doing his job as a counselor（B） Lauren is deeply worried about the situation of gambling（C） gambling as a social problem is decreasing（D）wom
12、en are not so much addicted to gambling as men are SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.16 The supermarket
13、 that caught fire was located in the_ of Asuncion, capital of Paraguay.（A）suburb（B） downtown（C） center（D）north end 17 About_ people died in a military insurrection in 1947.（A）800（B） 1,800（C） 8,000（D）1,000 18 The fire was supposed to be caused by an explosion in_.（A）the stores toy department（B） food
14、court area（C） the parking garage（D）electronic appliances area 19 Sam Edwards died from_.（A）a stroke（B） cancer（C） high blood pressure（D）a heart disease 20 Sam Edwards made his first stage appearance in_.（A）Tess of the Storm Country（B） The Adventures of Sonny and Buddy（C） The Edwards Family（D）Winnie t
15、he Pooh 20 1 A panel of the great and the good from Europe and the United States recently drew up an elegant blueprint for remaking the Atlantic community. They settled the hash of disunity over Iraq, looming trade disputes and American ambivalence over the European Unions determination to have its
16、own defense and foreign policies.2 You can and should read about it in the Council on Foreign Relations paper “Renewing the Atlantic Partnership“. But whats missing is a paragraph about the demographic changes in Europe and America, even though these changes are widening the economic and political d
17、ivides in the worlds most important partnership.3 You wont read about the growing weight of Muslim minorities in Europe and of Hispanic and Asian populations in the United States, which will inevitably show up in domestic and foreign policies on both sides of the Atlantic. Perhaps even more conseque
18、ntial is the astonishingly rapid aging and shrinking of the populations in many of Europes main countries, while in the United States continued population growth feeds economic growth.4 The subject was just too thorny to be tackled in a brief summary, according to several of the panels 26 membersin
19、contrast to war, protectionism or the greater Middle East. So a proposed paragraph on changes in the ethnic and social composition of populations on both sides of the Atlantic was left on the cutting-room floor.5 There are good reasons for caution in talking about policy-related demographic changes.
20、 But the silence the experts stumbled into is instructive. Like individuals, nations try to avoid thinking about aging, its costs and consequences. We whistle past the rest home as well as the graveyard.6 But it is vital to recognize that much of Europe is turning into a continent of geezers, howeve
21、r much it hates. And countries such as France and Germany hate even more making the changes geezerhood requiresthe most important being whether the welfare state will cut its generous benefits, raise its exorbitant taxes to meet tomorrows rising health costs or make people work longer before retirin
22、g.7 Europe is also loath to examine its restrictive immigration policies, which help curb population growth and economic renewal. (As always, Britain is an exception. ) Not even the enlargement of the European Union to 25 members will bring much immediate relief, since Germany has led the way in kee
23、ping up walls against population flows from the east and south.8 I can sympathize with the historians, ex-diplomats, economists and other experts on the New York-based councils panel. They wrestled with and walked away from slippery census numbers on the race and religion. of population groups. We a
24、ctually dont know if the number of Muslims in the United States is closer to 2 million than to 7 million, or whether in France 5 million Muslims is a more accurate count than 10 million. Those commonly cited ranges cover a multitude of unknowns.9 But good numbers on some little-remarked societal for
25、ces do exist. Across Western Europe, the median age of the workforce and the population at large is steadily rising, as life expectancy increases and fertility rates drop below the 2. 1 children per couple needed to ensure population growth. The birthrate is now 1.4 in Germany, and even lower in Ita
26、ly and Spain. Consider this: Half of all union members in Italy are retired and drawing pensions.10 The median age of voters in Europe today is 46 to 47, and will be 50 by 2013, according to reports presented last month to the Council for the United States and Italy. “There is no time to waste for p
27、oliticians who must cut pensions and other benefits before their governments go broke. It only gets harder from here,“ said one economist.11 Karl Lauterbach, a German expert in demographics, asked the group: “Who will want to invest in an aging and shrinking population? Germany risks losing one-thir
28、d of its natural economic growth because of these trends. From 1970 to today, 10 million German children we would have expected in other times were not born“ and will not be available to work in 20 years.12 The United States faces problems in its Social Security system, but they are relatively small
29、 compared with the society-bending changes in store for Europe (and for Japan). Demographics and the aging of nations in particular deserve to be on any transatlantic agenda today. 21 What does “it“ in the first sentence of Para. 2 refer to?（A）A panel.（B） Europe.（C） A blueprint.（D）The Atlantic commu
30、nity. 22 Why does the author think it necessary to heed the demographic changes in Europe and America?（A）Because these changes are threatening the partnership between Europe and America.（B） Because these changes lead Europe to adopt its own economic and political policies.（C） Because these changes a
31、re more important than war and protectionism issues.（D）Because theses changes are domestic. 23 By “we whistle past the rest home as well as the graveyard“, it is meant that_.（A）Europe is turning into a continent of the elders（B） demographic changes are frustrating（C） people tend to avoid unpleasant
32、places（D）people are reluctant to tackle the problem of aging 24 Which of the following is NOT true of the panel of the Council on Foreign Relations?（A）There are 26 members on the panel.（B） Its base is in New York.（C） Its members are from Europe and the United States.（D）It is governmental. 24 1 “Inte
33、rnational communication“ is communication between members of different cultures. This definition is simple. But the process is complex. Intercultural communication involves differing perception, attitudes, and interpretations. We know that even two people from the same culture can have communication
34、 problems. People can unintentionally hurt each other by something they say or do. Isnt it logical, then, that communication problems can be compounded among people who do not have the benefit of shared experiences (i. e. language and culture)?2 Cultures do not communicate; individuals do. Everyone
35、has a unique style of communication, but cultures determine a general style for their members. The relationship of the individual to his culture is analogous to an actor and his director. The actor puts his own personality into his acting but is nevertheless influenced by the director. We are not al
36、ways aware of the subtle influences of our cultures.3 Problems and misinterpretations do not result every time members from two cultures communicate. However, when cultural conflicts do arise, they may be perceived as personal rather than cultural. Some misunderstandings are insignificant and can be
37、 easily ignored or remedied. Other conflicts are more serious in that they can cause misunderstandings and create persistent negative attitudes toward foreigners.4 Difficulties in intercultural communication arise when there is little or no awareness of divergent cultural values and beliefs. In cros
38、s-cultural interaction, speakers sometimes assume what they believe is right, because they have grown up thinking their way is the best. This ethnocentric assumption can result in negative judgments about other cultures. Another manifestation of ethnocentric attitudes is that people become critical
39、of individuals from different cultures.5 Sometimes negative reactions do not result from actual interaction but rather from the fixed, preconceived beliefs we have about other people. These over-generalized beliefs or “stereotypes“ frequently shape peoples perceptions of each other.6 Stereotypes ori
40、ginate and develop from numerous sources such as jokes, textbooks, movies, and television. Movies about cowboys and Indians portray cowboys as “civilized“ and Indians as wild and “primitive.“ A child who knows about the American Indians only through watching these movies will have a distorted and fa
41、lse image of this group of people. Stereotypes perpetuate inaccuracies about religious, racial, and cultural groups.7 Stereotyped beliefs prevent us from seeing people as individuals with unique characteristics. Negative stereotypes lead to prejudice, suspicion, intolerance, or hatred of other cultu
42、ral groups.8 Cultural conflicts occur as a result of misinterpretations, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and prejudice. Preventing these conflicts is possible with increased awareness of our own attitudes as well as sensitivity to cross-cultural differences. Developing intercultural sensitivity does not
43、 mean that we need to lose our cultural identities but rather that we recognize cultural influence within ourselves and within others. 25 By comparing the culture to the director, the author purports to_（A）stress the significance of culture（B） show the indispensable role of culture（C） describe the d
44、ominant effect of culture（D）illustrate the subtle influence of culture 26 Owing to cultural ethnocentrism, people may_（A）think they are superior（B） think they are right（C） think they are critical（D）think they are different 27 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Stereotypes giv
45、e rise to prejudice against other cultural groups.（B） Misunderstanding occurs when members of different cultures communicate.（C） Cultural influences on the style of communication are generally very subtle.（D）Conflicts arising from cultural misunderstanding are serious. 28 What is the general tone of
46、 the author in this passage?（A）Objective.（B） Critical.（C） Pessimistic.（D）Dialectal. 28 1 I will now teach, offering my way of life to whomsoever desires to commit suicide by the scheme which has enabled me to beat the doctor and the hangman for seventy years. Some of the details may sound untrue, bu
47、t they are not. I am not here to deceive; I am here to teach.2 We have no permanent habits until we are forty. Then they begin to harden, presently they petrify, then business begins. Since forty I have been regular about going to bed and getting up and that is one of the main things. I have made it
48、 a rule to go to bed when I had to. This has resulted in an unswerving regularity of irregularity. It has saved me sound, but it would injure another person.3 In the matter of dietwhich is another main thingI have been persistently strict in sticking to the things which didnt agree with me until one or the other of us got the best of it. Until lately I got the best of it myself. But last spring I stopped frolicking with mince pie after midnight, up to then I had always believed I wasnt loaded. For thirty years
