1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 843（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fi
2、ll in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.0 Kolbs Learning StylesPsychologist David Kolb presented his theory of learning styles in 1984.I. A four-stage cycle of learning-【T1】_ 【T
3、1】_build a general theoryform【T2】_and generalizations【T2】_test the implicationsII. Four learning stylesA. the convergerabilities: abstract conceptualization active experimentationbe good at the practical【T3】_of ideas【T3】_do best in situations of【T4】_【T4】_B. the【T5 】_【T5 】_abilities: concrete experie
4、ncereflective observationbe good at【T6】_smaller bits of information【T6 】_careers: artists, musicians,【T7】_and so on【T7】_C. the assimilatorabilities: abstract conceptualization reflective observationbe more interested in【T8 】_ideas【T8】_careers: engage in math and【T9】_【T9 】_D. the accommodatorabilitie
5、s: 【 T10】_【T10 】_active experimentation be good at risking and thinking on their feet careers: technician,【T11】_and marketing【T11】_III.【 T12】_to Jungian Personality Theory 【T12】_based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicatoractive/reflective dimensionsimilar to extraversion/introversion concrete/abstract
6、dimensionsimilar to【T13】_dimension 【T13】_IV. Support and criticism for Kolbs learning styleschoose departmental major according to learning styleslack【T14】_【T14】_fail to acknowledge the impact of【T15】_【 T15】_1 【T1】2 【T2】3 【T3】4 【T4】5 【T5】6 【T6】7 【T7】8 【T8】9 【T9】10 【T10】11 【T11】12 【T12】13 【T13】14 【T1
7、4】15 【T15】SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-se
8、cond pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.（A）How to get a good job after graduating from college.（B） Whether we should pursue higher education.（C）
9、Suggestions for people who do not have a college degree.（D）Jobs that can earn a big salary without higher education.（A）Not all these jobs can make over $ 100,000.（B） People need to receive training in performance to get these jobs.（C） People can get these jobs as soon as they finish high school.（D）T
10、hese jobs require high training and great skills.（A）He can get the highest salary of $ 103,000 a year.（B） He just needs a high school diploma.（C） He needs to work for ten years at a power station.（D）He can pass the exam administered by a power plant.（A）Background checks.（B） Drug testing.（C） Six-year
11、 work experience.（D）Operating license.（A）$51,000.（B） $103,000.（C） $141,000.（D）$142,000.（A）Executive pastry chef.（B） Handyman.（C） Massage therapist,（D）Teacher.（A）His salary is gradually raised every year.（B） He had at least 150 hours of training.（C） His median pay is the highest on the list.（D）He mus
12、t have employees working for him.（A）An electrician can earn $ 104,000 a year.（B） An electrician neednt get a license.（C） Handyman must have a high school diploma.（D）Handyman needs rich experience.（A）About 500 hours of training.（B） An actual associates degree.（C） A professional qualification certific
13、ate.（D）A set of perfect facilities.（A）People need to work hard because all these jobs require extensive training.（B） There are still other options for people who do not have a college diploma.（C） If possible, people should give up college education and take these jobs with high salary.（D）People shou
14、ld make their career decisions according to their own conditions.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one tha
15、t you think is the best answer.25 The process of transforming all direct experience into imaginary or into that supreme mode of symbolic expression, language, has so completely taken possession of the human mind that it is not only a special talent but a dominant, organic need. All our sense impress
16、ions leave their traces in our memory not only as signs disposing our practical reaction in the future but also as symbols, images representing our idea of things: and the tendency to manipulate ideas, to combine and abstract, mix and extend them by playing with symbols, is mans outstanding characte
17、ristic. It seems to be what his brain most naturally and spontaneously does. Therefore his primitive mental function is not judging reality, but dreaming his desires.Dreaming is apparently a basic function of human brains, for it is free and unexhausting like our metabolism, heartbeat, and breath. I
18、t is easier to dream than not to dream, as it is easier to breathe than to refrain from breathing. The symbolic character of dreams is fairly well established. Symbol mongering, on this ineffectual, uncritical level, seems to be instinctive, the fulfillment of an elementary need rather than the purp
19、oseful exercise of a high and difficult talent.The special power of mans mind rests on the evolution of this special activity, not on any transcendently high development of animal intelligence. We are not immeasurably higher than other animals: we are different. We have a biological need and with it
20、 a biological gift that they do not share.Because man has not only the ability but the constant need of conceiving what has happened to him, what surrounds him, what is demanded of himin short, of symbolizing nature, himself, and his hopes and fearshe has a constant and crying need of expression. Wh
21、at he cannot express, he cannot conceive: what he cannot conceive is chaos, and fills him with terror.If we bear in mind this all-important craving for expression we get a new picture of mans behavior: for from this trait spring his powers and his weaknesses. The process of symbolic transformation t
22、hat all our experiences undergo is nothing more or less than the process of conception, underlying the human faculties of abstraction and imagination.When we are faced with a strange or difficult situation, we cannot react directly, as other creatures do, with flight, aggression, or any such simple
23、instinctive pattern. Our whole reaction depends on how we manage to conceive the situationwhether we cast it in a definite dramatic form, whether we see it as a disaster, a fulfillment of doom, or a fiat of the Devine Will. In words or dreamlike images, in artistic or religious or even in cynical fo
24、rm, we must construe the events of life. There is great virtue in the figure of speech, “I can make nothing of it,“ to express a failure to understand something. Thought and memory are processes of making the thought content and memory image: the pattern of our ideas is given by the symbols through
25、which we express them. And in the course of manipulating those symbols we inevitably distort the original experience, as we abstract certain features of it, embroider and reinforce those features with other ideas, until the conception we project on the screen of memory is quite different from anythi
26、ng in with our real history.Conception is a necessary and elementary process: what we do with our conceptions is another story. That is the entire history of human cultureof intelligence and morality, folly and superstition, ritual, language, and the artsall the phenomena that set man apart from, an
27、d above, the rest of animal kingdom. As the religious mind has to make all human history a drama of sins and salvation in order to define its own moral attitudes, so a scientist wrestles with the mere presentation of “the facts“ before he can reason about them. The process of envisaging facts, value
28、s, hopes, and fears underlies our whole behavior pattern: and this process is reflected in the evolution of an extraordinary phenomenon found always, and only, in human societiesthe phenomenon of language.26 The italicized sentence in Paragraph Two is an example of_.（A）irony（B） metaphor（C） analogy（D
29、）euphemism27 The “biological need“ mentioned in Paragraph Three refers to_.（A）the organic need for food and nutrition（B） the elementary need for self-fulfillment（C） the instinctive need for processing symbols（D）the constant need for expression28 Why is the conception projected in our memory differen
30、t from anything in our real life?（A）Because the situations we are faced with in our real life are strange and difficult.（B） Because the conceptions are expressed in different forms for the same thing.（C） Because the human brains will fail to understand something in difficult situations.（D）Because th
31、e original experience is distorted in the process of symbolic transformation.29 Which can serve as the title of this passage?（A）Images and Human Brain.（B） Language and Human Brain.（C） Dreams and Human Brain.（D）Conceptions and Human Brain.29 Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital communic
32、ation has created strife and confusion between friends, colleagues and romantic partners. Sarcasm, after all, is best conveyed using tone of voice, a wink or a nudge.Now, as more people are sharing their opinions with casual acquaintances and strangers on social-media sites like Twitter and Facebook
33、rather than in private text messages to people who know their senses of humorthe sarcasm disconnect is even greater.“My work e-mail is down. Im devastated,“ or, “because that was so much fun the last time we did it,“ could mean completely different things to different readers. The confusion has driv
34、en some people to create special symbols and characters to clearly mark their snark.And woe is the data miner who has the challenge of determining what is sarcasm and what isnt. Defined as stating the opposite of what is truly meant, sarcasm is proving to be an obstacle for the academics and markete
35、rs who create computer programs to analyze massive pools of online chatters to gauge public opinions about products and politicians.“ Sarcasm is one of the toughest problems in computing,“ says Shrikanth Narayanan, a professor of computer science, linguistics and psychology at the University of Sout
36、hern California.Computer programming follows strict rules, while natural language, particularly the inside-joke culture of the Web, doesnt.That is the hurdle faced by USCs Annenberg Innovation Lab, an interdisciplinary center that brings together social and computer scientists. The labs “Twitter Sen
37、timent Analysis“ project unites linguists, sociologists and computer scientists to try to build a modern-day lexicon for computers to read and interpret huge chunks of data provided by the millions of people who share their opinions online. The scientists at the lab have been using the political sea
38、son to try to teach a computer to better understand the true sentiment behind tweets.“ If we can crack through political sarcasm, everything else will be easier,“ says Jonathan Taplin, a onetime film producer, Bob Dylan tour manager and investment banker who now runs the Annenberg lab, which is spon
39、sored by IBM, DirecTV, Warner Bros, and other companies.All data-mining servicesor “online sentiment listeners,“ as they are sometimes calledrely on a combination of natural-language computer programming and human analysts.Sentiment listeners and computers are trained to look for cues and symbols su
40、ch as exclamation marks or emoticonskeyboard characters that, when typed together, convey smiles, winks or other expressions.Looking to punctuation and other symbols to signal earnestness can be misleading, says Kate Paulin, the director of the insights and planning department at digital marketing a
41、gency 360i. Ms. Paulin says working for brands such as Coca-Cola has taught her that little can be taken at smiley-face value.Teens and tweeters use emoticons sarcastically, she says. And a single exclamation markas opposed to multiple marksmay actually convey a lack of enthusiasm, she says.Lovers o
42、f sarcasm who like to tweet are taking matters in their own keyboards. Aliza Licht, the senior vice president of global communications for Donna Karan LLC, who was “ devastated“ to lose her work e-mail on Tuesday, calls sarcasm “a religion. “Yet, as the hand that controls all of the fashion labels s
43、ocial outreachand the popular dkny twitter feedshe needs to be sure not to ruffle feathers with her humor.So she invented a short, twitter-friendly sign to denote sarcasm“(*S)“and uses it to let her followers know when her tongue is in cheek, such as with her tweet about losing e-mail. “We cant read
44、 tonality in text, and its a problem,“ she says.When his best friend failed to recognize his use of sarcasm in e-mails about 10 years ago, Doug Sak, an accountant in Washington Township, Mich. , saw a market: He since has created the “SarcMark,“ an upside-down lowercase E with a dot in the center, h
45、elpful for things that might actually not have been “ so much fun the last time we did it. “ He says he is approaching phone carriers to try to get them to include the symbol in their fonts.30 The sarcasm could most probably be used among_.（A）friends and co-workers（B） linguists and sociologists（C） c
46、omputer scientists（D）human analysts31 Which of the following best defines sarcasm?（A）The using of voice, a wink or a nudge.（B） Stating the opposite of what is truly meant.（C） Symbols used for online communication.（D）One of the toughest problems in computing.32 The purpose of the “Twitter Sentiment A
47、nalysis“ project is to_.（A）bring scientists of different areas to work together（B） compile a dictionary of chunks for people to use online（C） collect and interpret the sarcastic data from the Internet（D）teach a computer to understand political views online33 _is/are NOT helpful in understanding sarc
48、asms.（A）Computer programming（B） Human analysts（C） Emoticons（D）Keyboard characters33 I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she told me the story of the days sickest child. Before she sent the child to the emergency
49、room in an ambulance, she told me, she gave her 50 milligrams per kilogram of ceftriaxone, a powerful antibiotic.“You probably saved her life,“ I said, and my friend nodded: it was possible. Antibiotics represent a huge gift in the struggle against infant and child mortality, a triumph(or actually, many triumphs)of human ingenuity an
