1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 119 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on t
2、he Answer Sheet.0 The physicist investigating the relationship between time and space, the chemist exploring the properties of a new substance , the biologist probing the mysteries of the continuity of life, and the anthropologist (人类学家) searching for human origins share a common trait , curiosity.
3、Not that non-scientists are not curious; most people possess this characteristic. The scientist, however, uses a specific method to make researches into these enigmatic problemsthe scientific method.Unfortunately, science and its method are misunderstood. The multiplication of our knowledge in medic
4、ine and technology has led to the idea that science can cure all and explain all and that only enough time, money and intelligence are needed. In truth, science cannot provide all answers. In fact, many phenomena are not even subject to scientific explanations.On the other side of the coin, science
5、has been attacked as a cause of most contemporary problems. It is said to be responsible for the depersonalization (使失去个性) of the individual, for stripping (夺去) creativity from human behavior, and for creating massive threats to the species through the development of nuclear power, insecticides, and
6、 polluting machinery. If we analyze the situation we can see that it was not the original intent of the people who developed computers to debase humankind, nor was mass production proposed as a method to crush creativity. It is what society, policymakers especially, does with scientific achievements
7、 that makes them social or antisocial. There is nothing inherently good or bad about science.1 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?（A）Scientists and their curiosity.（B） Science and scientific method.（C） Understandings of science.（D）Misunderstandings of science.2 The last sentence
8、 of Para. 2 could be explained as which of the following?（A）Many phenomena can be subjects of scientific explanations.（B） Many phenomena can find answers in scientific explanations.（C） Scientific explanations cannot provide answers to many phenomena.（D）Scientific explanations are not related to many
9、 phenomena.3 The expression “to debase humankind“ in Para. 3 could be explained as_.（A）to provide base to humankind（B） to reduce the value of humankind（C） to get rid of humankind（D）to compete with humankind4 According to the last paragraph, which of the following will be accepted by the author?（A）Sc
10、ience is the cause of modern problems.（B） Science itself is neither good nor bad.（C） Science leads to environmental pollution.（D）Science causes many antisocial acts.5 In the expression “On the other side of the coin in Para. 3 the coin is used to refer to_.（A）the misunderstanding science（B） the scie
11、ntific explanation（C） the money needed in scientific research（D）the curiosity of scientists and non-scientists5 There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arise
12、s from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds.The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the
13、fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn
14、 of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convi
15、nced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend
16、 many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will an
17、yone speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them. These people should change this bad habit. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.6 People who are to be unhappy _.（A）always consider things d
18、ifferently from others（B） are usually influenced by the results of certain things（C） can discover the unpleasant part of certain things（D）usually have a fault-finding habit7 When those unhappy people meet others, they will_.（A）have a good taste of the pleasures of society（B） feel depressed about the
19、 pleasures of society（C） be happy with the pleasures of society（D）enjoy the pleasures of society8 According to the passage, it can be safely said that_.（A）if they realize the harmfulness of their habits the unhappy people may get rid of it（B） if people are in misery, they will be critical about ever
20、ything（C） we should not pity these unhappy people for their self-criticism（D）these unhappy people are not content with anything they have9 “And scarcely that“ in the last paragraph means_.（A）just like that（B） almost not like that（C） more than that（D）not at all like that10 If such unhappy persons don
21、t change their bad behavior, the authors suggests that people_.（A）avoid contacting with them（B） criticize their misconduct（C） help them recognize its bad effects（D）show no respect and politeness to them10 Suppose we built a robot (机器人) to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing det
22、ectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn
23、the next morning.According to the evolutionary theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those
24、 functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if
25、 at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats ca
26、n afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply,
27、 because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.11 The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us_.（A）the difference between robots and men（B） the reason why men need to sleep（C） about the need for robots to save power（D）about the danger of men w
28、orking at night12 Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him_.（A）maintain a regular pattern of life（B） prevent trouble that comes looking for him（C） avoid danger and inefficient labor（D）restore his bodily functions13 According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we_.（A）a
29、re worrying about our safety（B） are overworked（C） are in a tent（D）are away from home14 Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats_.（A）need more time for restoration（B） are unlikely to be attacked（C） are more active than horses when they are awake（D）spend less time eating to get enough e
30、nergy15 Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?（A）Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.（B） The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.（C） Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robot
31、s.（D）The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.15 “Congratulations, Mr. Jones, its a girl.“Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while ot
32、hers worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to
33、children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few a
34、ttempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.It is argued by some writers that the transition to the fathers role, although difficult, is not
35、nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mothers role. The mothers role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation, on the other hand, the fathers role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact tha
36、t growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the bread-winner in the household.16 According to the author, being a father_.（A）brings a feeling of excitement to some men（B） has a different meaning for those who have daughters（C） makes some men feel p
37、roud and others uneasy（D）means nothing but more responsibilities17 It is stated in the passage that_.（A）some parents are not prepared to have a child（B） young couples do not like children at all（C） working couples do not have much time to take care of their children（D）many parents look forward to ha
38、ving a boy as their first child18 In the second paragraph, the author_.（A）criticizes fathers for not taking enough responsibilities in bringing up their children（B） excuses the American writers for ignoring the difficulties of being a father（C） supports the idea that the chief role of a father is to
39、 earn money for the family（D）complains about the lack of social programs to help husbands adjust themselves to being a father19 The transition to the mothers role requires that the wife_.（A）change her life style in a highly innovative way（B） make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with t
40、he new situation（C） stay at home to take care of the baby（D）help her husband in his re-socialization process20 Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, _.（A）have to shoulder more burdens（B） have to make more difficult adaptations（C） have an easier
41、job to do（D）can usually do a better job20 Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the
42、hill and back. Thus, by timing the intervals between a sound and its reflection (the echo), you can estimate the distance to an obstruction.During World War II the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was nea
43、r the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that won
44、 the Battle of Britain.Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them (their range of flight, in other words) , the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined.21 Sound waves refle
45、cted from a hill can be used to estimate the_.（A）height of the hill（B） speed of sound（C） distance to the hill（D）intensity of sound22 The estimate is based on the_.（A）direction of the hill（B） accepted speed of sound（C） interval between sound and echo（D）both B and C23 Practical application of this pri
46、nciple resulted in_.（A）new electronic instruments for planes（B） a radio directing and ranging device（C） new radio sets for RAF bombers（D）an electronic detecting device24 Radar enabled the English to_.（A）detect German planes on their way to London（B） direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectively（C） c
47、onfuse German bomber pilots（D）both A and B25 The British used radio waves because they_.（A）were more exact than sound waves（B） could not be detected（C） could penetrate fog and clouds（D）were easier to use than sound waves专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 119 答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part
48、there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据文章第二段中“Unfortunately，science and it
49、s method are misunderstood”，故选 D。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据文章第二段最后一句“In truth，science cannot provide all answersIn fact，many phenomena are not even subject to scientific explanations，”可知 C 项句子与其相对应，故选 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 根据文章第三段中“If we analyze the situation we can see that it was not the original intent of the people who developed computers to debase humankind，nor Was mass production proposed as a method to crush creativity” ，其中 debase 意为“降低的价值；败坏的名誉 “
