1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 85 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on th
2、e Answer Sheet.0 Many mammals live through the winter by hibernating (冬眠). There is a nice problem of definition here. Most experts now agree that a mammal can be said to hibernate only if body temperature drops greatly and its whole metabolism including respiration and heart rateis much reduced. Th
3、is is the case with animals like the woodchucks, hamsters, and hedgehogs, which hibernate in their burrows , and bats, which gather in caves. Bears, however, are not classed as hibernators. They pass most of the winter sleeping, but their body temperature drops only a few degrees, and they can becom
4、e active without going through a slow process of warming up. Bears, relying on fat reserves to keep them going, even produce their young during this period.Mammals are warm-blooded, that is, they have a means of keeping the temperature of their bodies quite constant despite the normal temperature ch
5、anges of the outside world. Cold-blooded animals, fish, reptiles, insects, amphibians, also have a certain amount of control over their body temperature. They can warm up, if they are too cold, by sunning themselves, or cool off by getting into the shade. But it is hard for cold-blooded animals to k
6、eep warm in the winter. For any animal to be active, its body temperature must be above freezing. This is because the chemistry of life depends on water in a liquid state. If the body actually freezes, the whole system is disrupted and the animal dies. So cold-blooded animals in the north must eithe
7、r find some place to spend the winter where temperatures do not reach the freezing points, or develop a special resting stage in which the water content of the protoplasm (原生质) is much reduced. This will make its freezing point much lower than usual. Thus animals about to hibernate often dig down in
8、to the soil.1 Most experts agree that true hibernation involves_.（A）sleeping through the winter（B） reduced heart rate and temperature（C） decrease in water content of the body（D）spending the winter in burrows or caves2 Bears can pass most of the winter sleeping because they_.（A）are hibernators（B） hav
9、e a low body temperature（C） have a sufficient reserve of fat（D）have a slow process of warming up3 Cold-blooded animals are so called because they_.（A）can not keep their body temperature constant（B） can not warm up their body temperature in the winter（C） can cool themselves off by getting into a shad
10、e（D）are not active in the winter4 It is implied that the body temperature of a cold-blooded animal_.（A）is lower than that of a warm-blooded animal（B） is always very cold（C） stays at a fairly constant level（D）changes in response to air temperature5 The reduction of the water content of an animals bod
11、y protoplasm will enable the animal _.（A）to reduce its body temperature（B） to survive the freezing temperature in the winter（C） to dig down deep into the soil（D）to stay completely motionless5 Real policemen, both in Britain and in the United States, hardly recognize any resemblance between their liv
12、es and what they see about themselves on TV.The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a
13、 professional lawyer.Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal. As soon as he is arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks wherefailure to produce results will affect the r
14、eputation of the policelittle effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of evidence. He will s
15、pend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of people who act guilty of crimes.A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pres
16、sures; first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality; secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.6 It is essential for a policeman to be trai
17、ned in criminal law so that he can_.（A）arrest criminals in the street（B） justify his arrests in court（C） know as much law as a professional lawyer（D）justify himself on TV7 Only when very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks occur, will the police_.（A）show up their elaborate machinery（B）
18、fail to produce results（C） spend a lot of effort in finding the criminals（D）pay attention to their reputation8 “Most wanted men“ in the third paragraph refers to_.（A）the most dangerous criminals（B） most of the witnesses wanted（C） the majority of those the police are searching for（D）the men the polic
19、e are most interested in arresting9 The real detective lives in an unpleasant moral twilight because he_.（A）is an expensive public servant（B） often feels rather depressed（C） is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it（D）must always behave with absolute legality10 Which of the following state
20、ments is true according to this passage?（A）In real life, finding criminals is one of the policemens greatest problems.（B） The detectives work is over once the arrest has been done.（C） The policeman spends a great deal of time finding evidence to support his arrests.（D）The policeman devotes most of h
21、is working life to searching for criminals.10 A number of recent studies suggest that children are experiencing a high degree of anxiety over the prospect of nuclear war.I am sure there are children who are deeply concerned, even terrified, by the perceived threat of nuclear destruction, but I wonde
22、r whether this is not caused in part by the way they are exposed to this subject. If we are going to do research, I think some of it should extend to the emotional health of parents who bring their children up with these fears. Some of the most ardent disarmament proponents seem to be sorely lacking
23、 in common sense when it comes to child-rearing: The young ages of some of these frightened children indicate that they are receiving their nuclear-war information directly from their parents long before they are able to read books, magazines or newspapers on the subject, or even before they would v
24、oluntarily choose to view televised reports and programs on the subject.No one can be comfortable expecting the prospect of nuclear war. It is a global problem that does exist, must be acknowledged and should be addressed by individuals and their governments. But life cannot stop in the meantime; ch
25、ildren must have their childhood if they are to grow into emotionally healthy adults. Can they really do so if they are preoccupied with death; if in response to concerns thrust upon them by their misguided parents, they place the fear of nuclear war before every other concern in their lives?11 Why
26、does the author say that some of the most ardent disarmament proponents “seem to be lacking in common sense when it comes to child-rearing“ ?（A）Because it is harmful to the emotional growth of the young children to tell them so many terrifying scenes.（B） Because they probably have no children of the
27、ir own.（C） Because they are not aware that their efforts will prove useless.（D）Because they often differ in opinions as to how they should raise their children.12 Which of the following is the source from which pre-school children learn about nuclear war?（A）Newspapers and magazines.（B） Books.（C） TV
28、reports and programs.（D）Their parents.13 The author implies that so much exposure to the threat of nuclear war will cause the children _.（A）to be mentally unhealthy（B） to commit suicide during their childhood（C） to distrust their parents（D）to fear everything14 The last sentence of this passage impli
29、es that_.（A）children in the United States have misguided their parents（B） children in the United States thrust upon their parents great concern over their future（C） children deeply concerned about death can not grow into emotionally healthy adults（D）children should be taught to place the fear of nuc
30、lear war before every other concern15 The best title of the passage would be_.（A）Save Our Children in a Proper Way（B） Is Nuclear War So Terrible?（C） Why Terrify Our Children?（D）The Prospect of Nuclear War15 The outside world begins creeping into the school when the children reach the age of 13 and o
31、lder, the age when they begin to make subject choices and when, according to a careers officer, they know if theyre a scientific lot or more inclined to the arts. The difficult part is bringing the outside world to life with all its opportunities and realities. Schools are handicapped because they a
32、re staffed by people who only know about schools. Careers services are heavily influenced by what is readily available in the area, which may be sausage-making(香肠制造) in Wiltshire of ship-building in Clydeside. Somewhere out in the world there are snail (蜗牛) geneticists (遗传学家) and landscape gardeners
33、 and girls who polish Elizabeth Taylors diamonds, but the careers officer knows little of them. What he knows about is engineering and hairdressing and opportunities in the Army. It is not surprising that this constant friction between grand aspirations (抱负) and uninspired reality produces cynicism
34、(玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗) in both parties.Wherever they work, sixteen and seventeen-year-olds can find themselves used as cheap labor, picking things up off floors, fetching and carrying. Some are paid a reasonable wage but it is quite possible to be paid only pocket-money. Thats in the living-in jobs like hotel
35、work. There is a small breakthrough of girls into traditionally male preserves like agriculture, but that may be because very few boys now would put up with the low wages. Most girls, despite womens liberation, head straight for hairdressing, nursing or office work and dream of being swept off their
36、 feet by the boss.16 In what sense does the author say the outside world begins “creeping into schools“ when children first make subject choices?（A）Children begin to become interested in careers possibly open to them.（B） Children know what they are good at science or arts.（C） Children start to make
37、constant contact with careers officers.（D）Children start to be concerned with what occupations they will be able to obtain.17 The result of the present staffing arrangements in schools is_.（A）teachers can concentrate on teaching（B） schools can offer little help in finding career opportunities（C） stu
38、dents are well prepared for whatever jobs they will get（D）students leave school unqualified18 According to the passage, the youth become cynical because_.（A）they feel they are misled by careers officers（B） they cant accomplish in reality their strong desires to become scientists or to do something g
39、reat（C） what they learn at school is quite different from what they see in society（D）they are treated unfairly in society19 According to the author, some girls start to engage in agriculture_.（A）because they think they can do what boys can do（B） because they have no other alternatives（C） because the
40、re lie new career opportunities（D）because thats exactly what the Womens Liberation Movement advocates20 A suitable title for the passage might be_.（A）The Gloomy Job Situation for the Youth（B） The Difficulties in Job Hunting for the Youth（C） The Disability of Careers Officers（D）The Friction between A
41、spirations and Reality20 The aim of the teacher is to get his pupils as quickly as possible over the period in which each printed symbol is looked at for its shape, and arrive at the stage when the pupil looks at words and phrases, for their meaning, almost without noticing the shapes of the separat
42、e letters.When a good reader is at work, he does not look at letters, nor even at words, one by one, however quickly; he takes in the meaning of two, three, or four words at a time, in a single moment. Watch carefully the eyes of a person who is reading, and it will be seen that they do not travel s
43、moothly along the lines of print, but they move by jumps separated by very short stops. The eyes of a very good reader move quickly taking long jumps and making very short halts; the eyes of a poor reader move more slowly, taking only short jumps and stopping longer at each halt. Sometimes, when he
44、meets a difficulty, he even goes backwards to see again what has already been looked at once.The teachers task is therefore clear: it is to train his pupils to take in several words at a glance (one “eye-jump“) and to remove the necessity for going backwards to read something a second time.This show
45、s at once that letter-by-letter, or syllable-by-syllable (音节) or word-by-word reading, with the finger pointing to the word, carefully fixing each one in turn, is wrong. It is wrong because such a method ties the pupils eyes down to a very short jump, and the aim is to train for the long jump. Moreo
46、ver, a very short jump is too short to provide any meaning or sense; and it will be found that having struggled with three or four words separately, the pupil has to look at them again, all together and in one group, in order to get the meaning of the whole phrase.21 Which of the following is closes
47、t in meaning to the first paragraph?（A）Pupils should be trained to reach quickly the stage of reading without having to concentrate on the separate symbols.（B） Pupils should look at each printed symbol for its meaning as well as for its shape.（C） Teachers should help their pupils avoid looking at th
48、e shape of the printed symbols.（D）Teachers should tell their pupils the different stages of their study.22 In a single moment, a good reader picks up_.（A）several words（B） several phrases（C） several sentences（D）several lines23 According to the passage, which of the following is FALSE?（A）The eyes of a
49、 good reader make short halts and long jumps.（B） The eyes of a bad reader take in the meaning of one word at a time.（C） The eyes of a bad reader take only short jumps.（D）The eyes of a good reader move steadily.24 One may have to read something a second time if_.（A）there is enough time（B） one reads too fast（C） the passage is very long（D）one reads word by word25 The main idea of the last paragraph is that_.（A）word-by-word reading is highly
