版选修3_5.ppt

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2 原子的核式结构模型,【自主预习】 1.汤姆孙的原子模型: (1)建立“枣糕模型”的依据:电子的发现和原子呈 _。 (2)原子的“枣糕模型”:原子是一个球体,_弥 漫性地均匀分布在整个球体内,电子_其中。,电中性,正电荷,镶嵌,2.原子核式结构的建立: (1)粒子散射实验。 粒子:从放射性物质中发射出来的快速运动的粒子, 带有_单位的正电荷,质量为_质量的4倍、 电子质量的7 300倍。,两个,氢原子,实验结果:_粒子穿过金箔后,基本上仍沿 原方向前进。_粒子发生大角度偏转,偏转角度 甚至大于90,几乎被“撞了回来”。 卢瑟福通过粒子散射实验,否定了汤姆孙的原子模 型,建立了_模型。,绝大多数,少数,核式结构,(2)卢瑟福的核式结构模型:原子中_的体积 很小,但几乎占有全部_,电子在正电体的外面运动。,带正电部分,质量,3.原子核的电荷与尺度: (1)原子核的组成:原子核是由带正电的_和不带电 的_组成的。 (2)原子核和原子的大小:,质子,中子,10-10,10-15,

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