2019届高考数学二轮复习高考大题专项练二数列(B)理.doc

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1、1二 数列(B)1.(2018醴陵模拟)已知正项等比数列a n中,a 1+a2=6,a3+a4=24.(1)求数列a n的通项公式;(2)数列b n满足 bn=log2an,求数列a n+bn的前 n项和 Tn.2.(2018银川模拟)设a n是公比不为 1的等比数列,其前 n项和为 Sn,且 a5,a3,a4成等差数列.(1)求数列a n的公比;(2)证明:对任意 kN *,Sk+2,Sk,Sk+1成等差数列.3.(2018益阳模拟)已知a n是各项均为正数的等差数列,且数列 的前 n项和为,nN *.(1)求数列a n的通项公式;(2)若数列a n的前 n项和为 Sn,数列 的前 n项和

2、Tn,求证 Tn2n-3.221.解:(1)设数列a n的首项为 a1,公比为 q(q0).则解得 1=2,=2,所以 an=22n-1=2n.(2)由(1)得 bn=log22n=n,设a n+bn的前 n项和为 Sn,则 Sn=(a1+b1)+(a2+b2)+(an+bn)=(a1+a2+an)+(b1+b2+bn)=(2+22+2n)+(1+2+n)= +2(21)21=2n+1-2+ n2+ n.12 122.(1)解:设数列a n的公比为 q(q0,q1),由 a5,a3,a4成等差数列,得 2a3=a5+a4,即 2a1q2=a1q4+a1q3,由 a10,q0,得 q2+q-2=

3、0,解得 q1=-2,q2=1(舍去),所以 q=-2.(2)证明:法一 对任意 kN *,Sk+2+Sk+1-2Sk=(Sk+2-Sk)+(Sk+1-Sk)=ak+1+ak+2+ak+1=2ak+1+ak+1(-2)=0,所以,对任意 kN *,Sk+2,Sk,Sk+1成等差数列.法二 对任意 kN *,2Sk= ,21(1)1Sk+2+Sk+1= += ,32Sk-(Sk+2+Sk+1)= -21(1)1= 2(1-qk)-(2-qk+2-qk+1)11= (q2+q-2)=0,因此,对任意 kN *,Sk+2,Sk,Sk+1成等差数列.3.(1)解:由a n是各项均为正数的等差数列,且数列 的前 n项和为 ,nN *,当 n=1时,可得 = = , 12316当 n=2时,可得 + = = , 22414-得 = ,所以 a1(a1+d)=6, (a1+d)(a1+2d)=12. 由解得 1=2,=1.所以数列a n的通项公式为 an=n+1.(2)证明:由(1)可得 Sn= ,那么 = = ( - ).1 23所以数列 的前 n项和 Tn= (1- + - + - + - + - )1 23 14121513161417= (1+ + - - - )23 1213= ( - - - )23= - ( + + ),nN *,234所以 Tn2n-3,2所以 2n-3.2

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