1、,Period Two Word Power & Grammar and Usage,高中英语选修10译林版,.Words： 1_n笔友 2_vt. & n要求，请求 .Phrases： 1_如此以便于 2_无论何时，一直 3_犯罪,penfriend,request,so.as to,at all times,be guilty of,英语有不同的类型，应用不同类型的英语要求取决于不同的情形。最重要的区别是英语的书面语和口语之分，而书面语和口语中又有正式语和非正式语之分。 1正式语一般用于以下情况： 书面语中的论文、报告、申请信等。口语中的演讲、与陌生人谈话等。 2非正式语一般用于下列情况：
2、 书面语中包括写给家人及朋友的信件、电子邮件、短信等。口语中包括与熟人谈话等。,一、正式英语与非正式英语,3正式英语中常用复杂的句型结构也包括被动语态和从句等。正式语中还多用抽象名词。如： So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 他如此聪明以至于能解答所有困难的题目。 What should be done today has been done. 今天该做的都做完了。 4非正式英语中主要用简单句、主动结构、通俗语以及缩写语等。如：,He doesnt like th
3、e first.He likes the third. 他不喜欢第一个，喜欢第三个。 Have an aim in life，or your energies will all be wasted.生活中要有目标，要不然你的精力就白白浪费。,二、正式语和非正式语的表达形式 1状语(1)时间，原因和条件状语可以用非谓语动词的形式，也可以用状语从句的形式，一般地说，非谓语动词形式比状语从句形式正式。_(As he was)a farmer，he had to get up early._(If weather permits)，we shall go.(2)方式和程度状语可用介词短语，也可以用副词
4、表示，一般说，介词短语比副词正式。He spoke _(confidently),Being,Weather permitting,in a confident way/with confidence.,(3)英语中用一些副词有两种形式，一种是ly形式，一种是同形容词的形式相同，一般说，前者比后者正式。 He read _(loud) I guessed _ (right) (4)让步状语从句“how(who，when，what)ever”的形式比“no matter how(who，when，what)”的形式正式。 _(No matter who)he is，I wont see him.
5、,loudly,rightly,Whoever,2代词.关系代词(1)定语从句中作宾语的关系词“whom”比“who”正式。_(Who)are you waiting for?He is the person _ (who)I met the other day.(2)在定语从句中作主语和宾语的关系词“Who”，“whom” and “which”比“that”正式。He is the person _ (that)is wellknown here.This is the book _ (that)I bought yesterday.(3)指时间和地点的从句“prepwhich”比“whe
6、n” and “where”从句正式。This is the place _ (where)I worked.,Whom,whom,who,which,in which,.人称代词 (1)通常在比较级中主格比宾格正式。 He is taller than _(me) Who is there？It is _(me) (2)在动名词前，所属格比主格正式。 Do you mind _(me)smoking? (3)单数人称代词比复数正式。 Everyone should do _(their)duty. Give _(us)a kiss，darling. Everyone thinks _ (th
7、ey know)the answer.,I,I,my,his,me,he knows,(4)指作者本人用“we”比“I”正式。 As _(I)showed it is not an easy question. (5)泛指人时，“one”比“you”正式。 _(You)never knows what may happen. (6)在复合句中，主句和从句中的主语出现名词和代词时，主句中用名词比用人称代词正式。 _ (It took off as soon as the plane had refuelled.),we,One,The plane took off as soon as it h
8、ad refuelled.,.指示代词(1)当“this”和“that”都是后指时，“that”比“this”正式。_ (This)is what I thought.(2)“that/those”作为先行词比名词正式。Those flowers are better than _ (the flowers)we planted last year. 3主谓一致(1)单数比复数正式。None/Neither of them _(have)arrived yet.(2)复数比单数正式。If I _ (was)you I would do that.,That,those which,has,we
9、re,Neither his wife nor his child _ (has)arrived.There _ (is)hundreds of people outside.(3)和kind连用的名词单数比复数正式。_ (These kinds of dogs are)is easy to train.I like most kind of cat(cats) 4倒装句比不倒装句正式。_ (If I had known it)I would have told you._ (I have hardly seen this.),have,are,This kind of dog,Had I k
10、nown it,Hardly have I seen this.,5不省略的形式比省略的形式正式。I know _he is a famous writer.He is a person _ I have known for several years.I spent all the week _ writing my paper. 6介词前提比介词结尾的句子正式。He is a person _(whom we can rely on)_ (What did he write it with？),that,whom,on whom we can rely,With what did he w
11、rite it？,in,7情态动词(1)用于请求时，“may”比“can”正式。_(Can)I use your bike?(2)用于请求时，“would”和“could”比“will”和“can”正式。Would/Could(Will/Can)you like to give a speech? 8.泛指时定冠词比名词复数正式。_(Horses are very useful animals.),May,The horse is a very useful animal,9从句比不定式的形式正式。It is important _ (for us to do it)_ (He seems t
12、o be a teacher.) 10其他的一些句子(下划线是正式的形式)。(1) _ (Come early and you will see him.)(2) _ (I shall try to do it.)(3) _ (He is too young to dress himself.),that we should do it,It seems that he is a teacher.,If you come early，you will see him.,I shall try and do it.,He is so young that he can not dress him
13、self.,(4) _(It is such a beautiful city.) (5) _ (Have you not heard the news？) (6) _ ，I hear the news.(Im surprised to hear the news.) (7)_(We are starting for Beijing tonight.) (8) _ ，(First)we must consider this thoroughly. (9)I go to see my old friend _ (now and then) (10)I am _ (therefore)unable
14、 to help you.,It is so beautiful a city,Havent you heard the news？,To my surprise,We start for Beijing tonight.,To begin with,occasionally,hence,(11) _，(Incidentally)do you know something about this? (12)I was ill _ (so)I could not come. (13)He spoke loudly _ (so that)every one could hear him. (14)Y
15、ou should work hard _ (even if)you have made great progress. (15)They asked me _ (if)they would come.,By the way,therefore,in order that,even though,whether,即时跟踪 请说出下列哪些短语或语句属于正式英语，哪些属于非正式英语 AI am sorry to inform you that. Bpassive verb forms CI am very grateful for. DWhy dont we.? EI will not be ab
16、le to attend the. Fidioms and slang. Gcontracted verb forms like weve，Im，etc. HI look forward to hearing from you,Ishort sentences JDear Tom. KDear Ms Smith. LBest wishes，. MIm really sorry I NUnfortunately，we will have to postpone. OOur computers are used for a variety. 1Formal English：_ 2Informal English：_ 答案 1.A，B，C，E，H，K，N，O 2D，F，G，I，J，L，M,再见,
