1、绵阳专版,PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,语法专题（十一） 主谓一致,【中考考点】 (1)就近一致原则。 (2)意义一致原则。 (3)语法一致原则。,就近一致原则就是谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语的单、复数。 1.由eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not onlybut also等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。 Neither her parents nor she herself a bank clerk. 她父母和她本人都不是银行职员。 Either my father or my mother on weekdays. 在工
2、作日,不是我爸爸做饭就是我妈妈做饭。,考点一 就近一致原则,is,cooks,2.当there be 句型中的主语是一系列事物时,be动词的数应与离其最近的主语保持一致。 There a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There twenty boys and twenty-three girls in the classroom. 教室里有20名男生和23名女生。 3.在here引导的句子中,主语有不止一个时,谓语动词通常与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。,is,are,考点二 意义一致原则,意义一
3、致原则就是谓语动词的单、复数要看主语所表达的概念。 1.有些集合名词,如family,class,team 等作主语时,若看作整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调其中的每个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。 Mr.Smiths family a big one. 史密斯先生家是一个大家庭。 Mr.Smiths family watching TV. 史密斯先生一家人正在看电视。,2.由all, either, neither, most, some, any, none 作主语时,若代表可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;若代表可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。 Now all going we
4、ll. 目前一切都进展顺利。 All present.所有的人都在这儿。,is,are,is,are,3.“分数或百分数+of+名词”以及“all/some/any/half/enough/most/the rest/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/(a) part of+名词”作主语时,其谓语动词的数要由名词而定。名词为不可数名词或单数形式时,谓语动词用单数形式;名词为可数名词复数形式时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Lots of damage caused by fire last year. 去年很多损失是由火造成的。 4.名词所有
5、格之后的名词被省略, 表示“商店、工厂、住宅”等意义且作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 The doctors across from the street. 诊所在街道的对面。,is,is,5.形式上虽为复数,但意义为单数的名词,如politics,physics, the United States, news, maths 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 The news very exciting. 那则新闻是非常令人兴奋的。 Physics a bit difficult for me. 物理对我来说有点儿难。,6.表示时间、距离、长度、价格、度量的词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数
6、形式。加减乘除也常看作整体,谓语动词也用单数形式。 Fifty dollars enough. 五十美元足够了。,is,is,is,7. a number of作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the number of作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of the students in our class 50. 我们班学生的数量是五十。 A number of players from America. 很多队员来自美国。 8.形式上虽为单数,但意义为复数的名词,如people, police, cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 A lot of people
7、 dancing outside. 很多人正在外面跳舞。 The police looking for the lost boy. 警察正在寻找那个失踪的男孩。,are/come,is,are,are,9.“the+形容词”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 10.“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“一家”或“夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The Browns are cleaning the windows now. 现在布朗一家人正在擦窗户。,考点三 语法一致原则,语法一致原则就是谓语动词的数与主语的单、复数保持一致。 1.each或由some-, any-, no-, e
8、very-等构成的复合不定代词或one of/each of/none of/either of/neither of作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Each of us an English book. 我们每个人都有一本英语书。everybody ready? 每个人都准备好了吗? 2.常以复数形式出现的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 3.主语前面有(pair/glass/cup/kind/box/bag/)等量词接of修饰时,谓语动词要依据量词的单复数而定。 There are three glasses
9、 of water on the table.桌上有三杯水。 The kind of food tastes great. 这种食物尝起来味道真好。,has,is,4.由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Both he and I are right. 我和他都是对的。 5.and连接主语时,如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物时,谓语动词用复数形式;若指的是同一个人或事物(即and 后面的名词前没有冠词),则谓语动词要用单数形式。 The singer and writer is going to give a concert next week.
10、那位歌手兼作家将在下周举办一场音乐会。 The singer and the writer are both my good friends. 这位歌手和这位作家都是我的好朋友。,6.主语后有with, together with, along with, besides, except, but, as well as 等引导的短语作插入语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 老师和他的学生们将去参观博物馆。 7.单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词、动名词及动词不定式短语作主
11、语时,谓语动词用单数形式;复数可数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.My mother with her friends often (go) shopping on weekends. 2.There (be) four pens and a book on the desk. 3.Listen! The little girl (be) singing in the room. 4.We all know that one of the worlds most popular sports (be) football. 5.The pair of
12、 shoes (be) very expensive. 6.Mary who is my friend, as well as her sisters, (study) Chinese in China. 7.Doing morning exercises (make) us healthy. 8.David, there (be) a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away. OK, Mom. Ill do it right away.,goes,are,is,is,is,studies,makes,is,9.
13、Everyone except Tom and Mike (be) here when the teacher came in. 10.Some agree with Jim, but the rest of us (disagree) with him. 11.The Smiths (be) making dumplings in the kitchen at this time yesterday. 12.Two months (be) a long time.We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. 13.The police
14、often (go) to help the old people in the neighborhood. 14.Two thirds of the books written by her father (have) been sold. 15.One great thing about Singapore, unlike most other Asian countries, (be) that the temperature is almost the same all year round.,was,disagree,were,is,go,have,is,16.The teacher
15、 and dancer always (teach) us to dance. 17.Toms family is a big one.And the family (get) together to have a big dinner on Christmas Eve every year. 18.As the saying goes, “No news (be) good news.” 19.A number of visitors (be) visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors (be) increasing.,teaches,get,is,are,is,
