(陕西专版)2019年中考地理总复习第二部分综合专题强化专题一读图析图类型二等高线地形图课件.ppt

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专题一 读图析图 类型二 等高线地形图,一、等高线地形图的判读,续表,二、等高线地形图的应用,1.判别高度。根据等高线的特性即海拔、同一条等高线海拔相等、等高距全图一致等判别某点的绝对高度和相对高度。上图中海拔的单位为米,从图中可以看出,每条相邻的等高线数值相差100,即等高距为100米。从图中可直接读出,A地海拔500米、B地海拔200米、C地海拔400米。 2.判别坡度陡缓。等高线的疏密程度反映坡度陡缓,等高线越密集,坡度越陡,等高线越稀疏,坡度越缓。如图中处等高线较密集,则坡度较陡;处等高线较稀疏,坡度较缓。,3.对于等高线的判定,一般结合指向标来判定河流的流向、两点的相对位置。在地图上按照指向标指示的方向或“上北下南,左西右东”判断河流流向,或依据河流的流向就能对等高线地形图作出正确判定。图中A点在B点的正北方。 4.根据等高线地形图判断地形部位 (1)山峰:等高线闭合,海拔从中间向四周逐渐降低,如图中。 (2)山脊:等高线向数值低的地方弯曲,如图中。 (3)山谷:等高线向数值高的地方弯曲,如图中。 (4)陡崖:等高线重叠处,如图中。 (5)鞍部:相邻两山顶之间呈马鞍形的部位,如图中。,

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