1、1Unit 3 Under the sea.阅读理解Rubbish from the shipping lanes(航道) frequently washes up on UK beaches.Occasionally dangerous chemical containers appear prompting local beach collapses.The incident on the East Sussex coast on 27 August became even more serious.Although media reports focused on the beach a
2、t Birling Gap,air pollution monitors(监视器) tell us that the affected area was much bigger.An obvious sharp rise in ozone(臭氧) was found on Eastbourne sea front at 4:45 pm and then about 30 minutes later at Lullington Heath,8km to the west and 5km inland from Birling Gap an area of over 40 square km.Ar
3、ound 150 people received hospital treatment but the symptoms(症状) varied with the different concentration(浓度) of ozone discovered,suggesting that the gas was not actually ozone or that it was ozone plus something else.The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear incident prompted the development of computer systems to
4、 observe air pollutants.These models use weather models to trace where the wind takes the polluted air.They can also be run backwards to see where it came from.During the previous 24 hours,the polluted air had traveled from the middle of the English Channel,and came ashore east of Eastbourne,then fl
5、oated west along the coast before heading out to sea again.The source was somewhere along this path.Smokes from traffic and ships are unlikely to be the cause since they are present all the time and such an incident has never occurred before.Other ideas include leaks from goods on a ship.【语篇导读】本文是环保
6、类文章。讲述了来自航运通道的海上垃圾导致了 8 月 27 日 East Sussex 海岸的污染事件,该事件致使 150 人住院治疗,患者的症状因污染空气中臭氧浓度的不同而不同。有人认为引起此次事故的另一个原因是船上货物的泄漏。1.What is the area of the places in which the air is polluted by the rubbish from the shipping lanes?A.20km2. B.40km2. C.5km2. D.8km2.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“An obvious sharp rise in ozo
7、ne(臭氧) was found.an area of over 40 square km.”可知,B 项“40 km 2”正确。2.What led to the patients various symptoms?A.The different concentration of ozone.B.Too much ozone in the polluted air.C.The rubbish from the shipping lanes.D.The different distance from the rubbish.2答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the symptoms(
8、症状) varied with the different concentration(浓度) of ozone discovered”可知,A 项“不同的臭氧浓度”正确。3.In which way is the polluted air observed?A.By using planes to trace it.B.By calculating how far and wide it can travel.C.By using computer systems.D.By tracing where the wind takes it and where it came from.答案 D
9、解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“.trace where the wind takes the polluted air.They can also be run backwards to see where it came from.”可知,D 项“通过跟踪风把污染的空气吹到哪里并追踪它的出处”正确。.完形填空Payengs tree-planting project began when he was 16,when flooding wiped away a large part of forest.Wildlife was left without enough 1 ,and Pay
10、eng watched 2 creatures begin to die off from heat.Deeply 3 ,Payeng determined to grow trees all his life. “I 4 the forest department and asked them if they could grow trees on the sandbar(沙洲).They said nothing would 5 there. 6 ,they asked me to try growing bamboo.It was 7 ,but I did it.Whats more,t
11、here was nobody interested to help me,”Payeng said. Payeng started his forest by 8 bamboo saplings(幼树)every morning and evening.He even brought red ants to the sandbar to help 9 the soil.When his bamboo trees grew,Payeng decided to slowly 10 other species of trees into the sandbar. Through his 11 ac
12、t,Payeng changed the sandbar into a thick,green forest that 12 numerous birds and wild animals.Payengs forest went largely 13 until 2008,when a team of state officials 14 it. “We were surprised to find such a big 15 on the sandbar,” Gunin Saikia,Assams Assistant Conservator of Forests,said.“We are 1
13、6 at Payeng.He has been at it for 30 years.” Now,Payeng makes a 17 with his family in the forest he planted by raising cows and selling milk,and he has his 18 set on planting a second forest on another 1,300-acre sandbar. “It may take another 30 years,but I am 19 about it,” Payeng said 20 . 【语篇导读】本文
14、是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了环保人士 Payeng 坚持种树 30 年,在沙洲里创造了一片令人惊叹的森林。1.A.food B.water C.shade D.space答案 C3解析 结合上文可知,洪水冲走了一大部分森林。由下文“.creatures begin to die off from heat”可推知,野生生物没有足够的树荫。故选 C 项。2.A.dangerous B.helpless C.aimless D.fierce答案 B解析 联系上下文可知,野生生物因为没有足够的树荫而死于炎热,所以此时它们应该感到很无助。故选 B 项。3.A.moved B.hurt C.attracte
15、d D.saddened答案 D解析 根据上文可知,森林遭到破坏,野生生物因为没有足够的树荫而感到无助。Payeng 应该对此感到悲伤。sadden 意为“使悲伤,使难过”,符合题意。4.A.informed B.blamed C.disturbed D.contacted答案 D解析 根据语境可知,Payeng 应该是联系林业部门,反映情况。故选 D 项。5.A.grow B.live C.occur D.work答案 A解析 根据语境可知,林业部门认为没有什么可以在沙洲中生长。grow 意为“生长”,符合题意。6.A.Therefore B.Instead C.Otherwise D.Fo
16、rtunately答案 B解析 根据上文可知,林业部门认为树木无法在沙洲中生长。因此他们反而建议 Payeng 种植竹子。故选 B 项。7.A.pleasant B.hopeful C.meaningful D.painful答案 D解析 根据语境可知,Payeng 是环保人士,由此可推知,当他听到无法通过种树来改变沙洲环境时,他的感觉应该是痛苦的。painful 意为“痛苦的”,符合题意。8.A.watering B.cutting C.counting D.observing答案 A解析 根据常识及语境可知,Payeng 通过每天早晚为竹子幼苗浇水开始创造森林。故选 A 项。9.A.cha
17、nge B.destroy C.add D.improve答案 D解析 根据上文 Payeng 将红蚁带到沙洲中可知,他希望就此改良土壤。improve 意为“改善,提高”,符合题意。故选 D 项。10.A.throw B.introduce C.put D.send答案 B解析 根据语境可知,竹子开始生长之后,Payeng 决定慢慢引入一些其他的树种。introduce.into为固定用法,意为“将引进,加入”。故选 B 项。11.A.unique B.ridiculous C.strange D.stubborn答案 A解析 根据上文可知,Payeng 通过种植竹子来创造森林,因此他的方法
18、是独特的。故选 A 项。412.A.bears B.includes C.shelters D.hides答案 C解析 根据下文中“numerous birds and wild animals”可知,绿色的森林可以为鸟儿和野生动物提供遮蔽处。故选 C 项。13.A.unaccepted B.unnoticed C.discovered D.disapproved答案 B解析 根据上下文可知,Payeng 的森林直到 2008 年才被注意到。not.until 为固定短语,意为“直到才”。故选 B 项。14.A.studied B.researched C.came from D.came a
19、cross答案 D解析 根据语境可知,Payeng 的森林一直未被注意到,直到一些官员偶然发现它。短语 come across意为“偶然遇到”,符合语境。故选 D 项。15.A.forest B.hero C.bamboo D.tree答案 A解析 根据语境可知,官员惊讶地发现沙洲里居然有这么一大片森林。故选 A 项。16.A.proud B.disappointed C.amazed D.mad答案 C解析 根据上文中的“surprised”可知,官员不只是对沙洲里的森林感到惊讶,对它的创造人也感到惊讶。be amazed at 为固定短语,意为“对感到惊讶”,符合语境。故选 C 项。17.
20、A.living B.difference C.wonder D.plan答案 A解析 根据下文“by raising cows and selling milk”(靠养牛和卖牛奶)可知,Payeng 和他的家人靠在森林里养牛和卖牛奶谋生。make a living 为固定短语,意为“谋生”,符合题意。故选 A 项。18.A.company B.home C.limits D.goals答案 D解析 根据下文“planting a second forest on another 1,300-acre sandbar”可知,此处应指Payeng 给自己设定的目标。goal 意为“目标”,符合题
21、意。故选 D 项。19.A.anxious B.optimistic C.worried D.curious答案 B解析 根据上文“but”表转折可知,虽然种出另一片森林可能要花费他另一个三十年, 但是 Payeng对此持乐观态度。故选 B 项。20.A.determinedly B.hesitantly C.calmly D.loudly答案 A解析 根据上文可知,Payeng 对种出另一片森林充满信心,因此此处指 Payeng 坚定地说道。determinedly 意为“坚定地”,符合题意。故选 A 项。.语篇填空(2018全国)5Diets have changed in Chinaan
22、d so too has its top crop.Since 2011,the country 1. (grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2. past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 3. (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,an
23、d cattle.Another reason for corns rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4. (improve) water quality.Corn uses less water 5. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.This switch has decreased 6. (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking wat
24、er safer for people. According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7. (globe) fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 8. (start) a soil-testing program 9. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand
25、2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 10. (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele. 答案
26、与解析【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的农作物玉米的产量逐年增加的原因。种植玉米,不仅可以喂养牲畜,而且因为其生长过程浇水施肥较少,还可以减少对环境的污染,进而保护环境。1.has grown 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Since 2011”可知,此处应用现在完成时,且该句的主语是“the country”,故谓语动词用单数形式。2.the 考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处特指“过去的 25 年”,故应用定冠词 the 表示特指。3.actually 考查副词。根据后文的介词短语“behind the change”可知,此处应用 actual 的副词形式,故填 a
27、ctually。4.to improve 考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式做目的状语,故填 to improve。句意:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而非稻米,目的是提高水质。5.than 考查形容词的比较级。根据前面的 less 可知,此处是形容词的比较级,故缺少连接词than。6.pollution 考查名词。根据空前的“decreased”可知,空处应该是名词做宾语,意思是“减少污染”,故填 pollution。7.global 考查形容词。此处 fertilizer consumption 是名词词组,其前面需要用形容词修饰,故填 globe 的形容词形式。8.started 考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“between 2005”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。9.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中做主语,修饰先行词 a soil-testing program,故填 that 或 which。610.feeding 考查特殊句式。while doing sth.“当做某事的时候”,它是 while sb. is/was doing sth.的省略形式,故此处应填 feeding。
