2019届高考物理二轮复习专题一力与运动考点三牛顿运动定律真题汇编20190118289.doc

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1考点三 牛顿运动定律1.(2018全国卷 I T15)如图,轻弹簧的下端固定在水平桌面上,上端放有物块 P,系统处于静止状态,现用一竖直向上的力 F 作用在 P 上,使其向上做匀加速直线运动。以 x 表示 P 离开静止位置的位移,在弹簧恢复原长前,下列表示 F 和 x 之间关系的图象可能正确的是 ( ) 【解析】选 A。设弹簧的最大压缩量为 l,根据胡克定律有 kl=mg。物块 P 做匀加速直线运动,根据牛顿第二定律有 F+k(l-x)-mg=ma,解得 F=ma+kx,则可能正确的是 A。【易错警示】(1)x 表示 P 离开静止位置的位移,并不是弹簧的压缩量。(2)物块 P 做匀加速直线运动,其加速度恒定。

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