1、 ANSI C78.1452-2004 Revision of ANSI C78.1452-1991 American National Standard for electric lamps Projection LampsVocabulary ANSI C78.1452-2004 Revision of C78.1452-1991 American National Standard Approved: June 30, 2004 Secretariat: ANSLG -National Electrical Manufacturers Association for Electric L
2、amps Projection Lamps Vocabulary Copyright g211 2004 by American National Standard Lighting Group NEMA Page 1 of 20 ANSI C78.1452-2004 Revision of C78.1452-1991 American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, c
3、onsensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agre
4、ement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The existenc
5、e of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether s/he has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. It is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the co
6、nsumer, and the general public. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standar
7、d in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the Committee Secretariat referred to on the title page. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National St
8、andards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Printed and distributed by: Informat
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10、ights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publishe r.Printed in the United States of America Copyright g211 2004 by American National Standard Lighting Group NEMA Page 2 of 20 ANS
11、I C78.1452-2004 Revision of C78.1452-1991 Contents Page Foreword ii 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references .5 3 Definitions 6 Copyright g211 2004 by American National Standard Lighting Group NEMA Page 3 of 20 ANSI C78.1452-2004 Revision of C78.1452-1991 Foreword (This foreword is not part of American Nati
12、onal Standard C78.1452-2004) In the work of a former subcommittee C78-5 on Stage, Studio and Photographic Lamps to publish standards covering a broader spectrum of photographic lamp types, the need for better definitions became apparent. Questions from user representatives prompted concrete action o
13、n a vocabulary. The first edition, C78.1452-1991, received considerable study in the attempt to provide correct definitions and guidance toward preferred terminology. Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be submitted to the Secretariat C78, American National Standard Lighting Group (N
14、EMA), 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209. This standard was processed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee on Electric Lamps, C78, and its Working Group, C78 WG 01. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all working group members voted for tha
15、t approval. Information concerning approval of this standard is based on the documents listed in the table below. Editors Note: During the final review, editorial changes were made to select sections of this published document only, and not to the working base document. Amendment / Change CDV RV Rev
16、ision C78_1_4169 C78_1_4170David Mullen, Chairman, ASC 78 Randolph N. Roy, ANSLG Secretariat IEC Publication 50 (845), ANSI/IES RP-16. 2 Normative references 2.1 The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard
17、. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI C78.370
18、-1997, Method for the Designation of Photo Lamps ANSI C78.379-1994, Classification of the Beam Patterns of Reflector Lamps ANSI C78.379a-2002, Method for the Classification of the Beam Patterns of Incandescent and High-Intensity Discharge Reflector Lamps ANSI C78.1401-2004, Dimensions for Projection
19、 Lamps-Double-contact, Medium Ring, Base-up Type ANSI C78.1435-2002, Projection-LampsTungsten-Halogen Lamps with G5.3 Bases ANSI C78.1460-2004, Single-Ended Tungsten-Halogen Lamps GZ9.5 Base, T6 Bulb, 86.5mm LCL, 76.2mm MOL, with Proximity Reflector ANSI C78.1450-1983, Electric lamps Incandescent Pr
20、ojection Lamps - Method for Life Testing ANSI C78.1451-2002, Electric lamps Use of Protective Shields with Tungsten-Halogen lamps Cautionary Notice C82.9-1996, High-Intensity Discharge and Low Pressure Sodium Lamps, Ballasts and Transformers Definitions ANSI/IEEE 100-1988, Dictionary of Electrical a
21、nd Electronics Terms ANSI/IES RP-16-1996, Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering ANSI/UL 122-1999, Photographic Equipment IEC Publication 60050, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, Chapter 845: Lighting 11Available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42n
22、dStreet, New York, NY 10036. Copyright g211 2004 by American National Standard Lighting Group NEMA Page 5 of 20 ANSI C78.1452-2004 Revision of C78.1452-1991 3 Definitions 3.1 abnormal failure: A premature failure of a lamp due to extreme thermal, electrical, or mechanical shock or manufacturing defe
23、ct. 3.2 air leak: See leaker. 3.3 ambient temperature: The temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. 3.4 angstrom: Unit of length equal to 10-10meter, formerly used to express wavelength of visible light. 3.5 ANSI: Abbreviation for American National Standards Institute. Formerly known as USASI, ASI
24、, and ASA. 3.6 aperture: a) The opening of a lens (usually diameter) that admits and transmits light. b) The opening (usually dimensions) of the illuminated area of a film or slide being projected. See relative aperture and effective aperture. 3.7 arc lamp: An electric lamp which produces light ener
25、gy by passing electric current through ionized gas or metal vapor. 3.8 aspect ratio: The ratio of one dimension to the other dimension of a rectangular photographic format or projected image. 3.9 atmospheric energy: See contained atmospheric energy. 3.10 average rated life: See rated life. 3.11 ball
26、ast: A device that, by means of resistance, inductance, capacitance or electronic elements, singly or in combination, controls the current, voltage, and waveform to the proper values for starting and operation of lamps. 3.12 base: That part of a lamp to which the electrical connections are made. In
27、many cases it also forms the mechanical support of the lamp. NOTES The term “cap” is used internationally. 3.13 base temperature: See maximum base temperature. Copyright g211 2004 by American National Standard Lighting Group NEMA Page 6 of 20 ANSI C78.1452-2004 Revision of C78.1452-1991 3.14 basing
28、cement: Cement used to attach the bulb to the base of a lamp. May also indicate the cement used to attach a reflector to a lamp. 3.15 bayonet base: A base with small pins on its shell which engage in slots in a lampholder. 3.16 bayonet socket: A lampholder for a bayonet-based lamp. 3.17 beam: A cone
29、 of light emanating from a lighting device. 3.18 beam lumens: The total luminous flux in that region of space where the intensity exceeds 50% of the maximum intensity. 3.19 beam spread (beam angle): The angle between the two directions in the plane in which the intensity is equal to a stated percent
30、age of the maximum beam intensity. see ANSI C78.379. 3.20 BHLR: Abbreviation for Bell and Howell Large Ring; a lamp-base configuration presently called “large indexing ring”. 3.21 bi-pin: A generic term referring to all lamp bases with two pins. 3.22 bi-post: A generic term referring to all lamp bas
31、es with two posts. NOTE The terms pin or post may be used interchangeably, but a post is a larger pin. 3.23 blackening: The result of tungsten from the filament depositing on the inside wall of the bulb or enclosure. 3.24 blister: A bulge on the wall of a lamp bulb due to overheating of that area. 3
32、.25 blow: Common layperson term to describe sudden failure of the lamp filament. 3.26 brightness: Attribute of visual sensation according to which an observed area appears to emit more or less light. See luminance. 3.27 bulb: Transparent or translucent gastight envelope enclosing the luminous elemen
33、t. 3.28 bulb temperature: Expressed in degrees Celsius minimum or maximum, or both, applying to any area of the bulb which may experience limiting service temperature. Copyright g211 2004 by American National Standard Lighting Group NEMA Page 7 of 20 ANSI C78.1452-2004 Revision of C78.1452-1991 3.29
34、 burning position: See operating position. 3.30 button: See eyelet. 3.31 C: Abbreviation for a single coil as used in various filament configurations. 3.32 CAE: Abbreviation for contained atmospheric energy. See 3.47. 3.33 candela: The SI unit of luminous intensity. One candela is one lumen per ster
35、adian. Formerly, candle. NOTE Candela per square meter is the International Standard (SI) unit of luminance. 3.34 candlepower (CP): Luminous intensity expressed in candelas. A term that is sometimes used in place of intensity. 3.35 cap: See base. 3.36 cautionary notice: A notice placed on or with a
36、lamp, or on the lamphouse, to warn the operator or person changing the lamp that a potential hazard may exist. 3.37 CBCP: Abbreviation for center beam candlepower. Beam power expressed in candelas and measured at the center of the intended direction and distribution of light. 3.38 CC: Abbreviation f
37、or coiled coil as used in various filament configurations. 3.39 chromaticity of a color: The dominant or complementary wavelength and purity aspects of a color taken together. Also the aspects specified by the chromaticity coordinates of the color taken together. 3.40 code: See designation. 3.41 coi
38、led-coil filament: Helical filament wound into a larger helix. 3.42 cold mirror: An interference filter which reflects visible radiation but transmits infrared radiation. 3.43 collector: A metal plate or grid placed inside a lamp near the filament and designed to collect evaporated tungsten rather t
39、han have it deposit on the bulb wall. 3.44 color temperature: See correlated color temperature. 3.45 condenser lens: The lens(es) in a projection system which directs light from the lamp into the gate or film aperture and into the projection lens. Copyright g211 2004 by American National Standard Li
40、ghting Group NEMA Page 8 of 20 ANSI C78.1452-2004 Revision of C78.1452-1991 3.46 condensing mirror: A curved mirror that collects and directs light and functions similarly to a condenser lens. A mirror with a curved surface that is an essential component in an illumination system. 3.47 contained atm
41、ospheric energy (CAE): A computation of the energy represented by the volume and pressure of the gases within a projection lamp. Ordinarily applied only to high pressure arc lamps. CAE = 0.15 (PC-PE) V; where PC = contained pressure in atmospheres, PE = external pressure in atmospheres, V = volume i
42、n cubic centimeters. See ANSI/UL 122. 3.48 convection: Cooling by natural means rather than with a fan. 3.49 corner to center ratio (C/C): The ratio of the average corner illumination value to the center illumination value. It is commonly expressed as a percentage. 3.50 correlated color temperature
43、(Unit: kelvin, K): The absolute temperature of a blackbody whose chromaticity most nearly resembles that of the light source. 3.51 CP: Abbreviation for candlepower. 3.52 DC: Abbreviation for double contact. 3.53 designation: The three letter symbol assigned by the ANSLG Lamp Code Designation Adminis
44、trator to a specific lamp in accordance with ANSI C78.370. 3.54 devitrification: A change of state in quartz from a transparent to a minutely crystalline state which reduces strength and integrity; often due to a combination of surface contaminants and high temperature, and evidenced by a diffuse et
45、ched appearance. 3.55 dichroic filter: A filter consisting of: - Isotropic materials that selectively reflect and transmit radiant flux as a function of wavelength; - Anisotropic materials that selectively absorb one plane of polarization of incident radiant flux while transmitting the normal plane
46、of polarization as in a polarization filter. 3.56 dichroic reflector: A reflector used in conjunction with a lamp that effectively transmits infrared energy and reflects visible light. 3.57 DICH: Abbreviation for dichroic. Copyright g211 2004 by American National Standard Lighting Group NEMA Page 9
47、of 20 ANSI C78.1452-2004 Revision of C78.1452-1991 3.58 dimmer: An electrical device used to control power to lamps in a lighting installation in order to adjust the level of the illuminance. 3.59 diode: An electrical device that permits current to flow in only one direction. Often called a rectifie
48、r. 3.60 discharge lamp: Lamp in which the light is produced, either directly or by means of phosphors, by an electric discharge through a gas, a metal vapor, or a mixture of several gases and vapors. 3.61 double branding or dual coded lamp: A lamp carrying two ANSI designations. 3.62 double contact
49、(DC): A base or a lamp with two electrical contacts in addition to the base shell. 3.63 double-ended lamp: A linear lamp with conducting contacts at each end. 3.64 dud: A laypersons term for a non-functioning lamp. 3.65 early failure: A lamp whose life is five minutes or less when operated within rated conditions. 3.66 ellipsoidal reflector: A
