1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNEMA WT 1-2018Wireless Communications Technology for Fire and Life Safety SystemsNEMA WT 1-2018 Page 1 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association A NEMA Fire, Life Safety, Security, and Emergency Communications White Pape
2、r WT 1-2018 Wireless Communications Technology for Fire and Life Safety Systems Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17thStreet, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 www.nema.org 2018 National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights, including translation into
3、other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American copyright conventions. NEMA WT 1-2018 Page 2 2018 National Electrical Manufacturers Association NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The
4、 information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the developmen
5、t of this document. NEMA standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic cov
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12、ance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safety-related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and
13、is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.NEMA WT 1-2018 Page 1 2018 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Section 1: Introduction and Purpose With the ever-changing advancements in communications, the use of wireless technology to transfer information without a
14、n electrical conductor is taking a larger position in todays society. Since radio frequency modulation, light, and sound were introduced in the late 1800s to transmit information, wireless communication has been extremely significant moving forward in the modern world. This becomes apparent especial
15、ly when considering the use of device and system connectivity to perform a limitless number of tasks, such as controlling and monitoring functions between multiple different platforms and users. The purpose of this document is to give a brief overview of wireless technology and lead into a potential
16、 series of documents aimed at the specifics of various technologies, challenges, advantages, and regulatory requirements. The term Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of objects, devices, or other “things” that use various hardware, software, sensors, and means of connectivity to collect an
17、d exchange data for a potentially infinite list of uses. One of the main functions is to integrate data between multiple devices to allow for increased efficiency, accuracy in a wide variety of tasks and functions, and remote access. With the incorporation of wireless technology and the introduction
18、 of IoT, into the Fire, Life Safety, Security, and Emergency Communications section of the electronics industry, there is now easier communication between systems providing environmental, functional, and system data for use in trending and other data analysis. One example is the incorporation of sen
19、sors to record conditions in a building for fire investigations. In fire conditions, a series of actions can occur where sensors can unlock doors for egress, shut down HVAC units, pressurize egress paths for increased visibility, light exit routes, and monitor progress or conditions from remote loca
20、tions. One of the significant advantages of wireless communication over conventional wired systems is the ease of installation, significant cost savings and the ability to modify and expand a system, especially in existing or historical buildings. These advantages, as well as others, and some disadv
21、antages of wireless communications will be discussed in further detail throughout this document. There are many available wireless technology protocols available in todays market that include WiFi, Proprietary RF, ZigBee, EnOcean, Z-wave, and Bluetooth. The sections below discuss some protocol uses
22、in commercial and residential settings, advantages, disadvantages, associated regulations, and trends. Section 2: Intended Audience This white paper was developed to give a broad overview of some of the wireless technology currently available and how it impacts the life safety industry today, and pe
23、rhaps in the future. It was designed to give insight to consumers, installation companies, fire service personnel, building code officials, end users, fire protection engineers, electrical engineers, and anyone interested in utilizing wireless technologies for life safety applications. Section 3: Wi
24、reless Technologies There are many different technologies and protocols available for users today, and it seems as if more are popping up every day, each with its advantage or personal niche in the market. Below are some of the more common ones available at the time this document was created. NEMA W
25、T 1-2018 Page 2 2018 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Digital Cellular Due to increased demand for mobile wireless communications, voice communications no longer use dedicated wired connections to pass voice communications. Instead, the voice conversation is converted into a stream of b
26、its and packaged within data packets that conform to messaging protocols, packets are addressed to a destination point, delivered into the network, received by the destination point, and are converted back into an intelligible voice-grade message. The message exchange through this wireless data netw
27、ork is done through well-known defined protocols such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). These protocols have been developed to operate in an optimal way for the intended application. Services are available for fixed or mobile applications, and
28、devices are licensed to communicate over only one of the said protocols. Cellular technologies currently in use are 2G (second generation), 3G (third generation), and 4G (fourth generation). A 5G (fifth generation) is on the horizon and expected by the end of the decade. 2G networks were launched in
29、 the U.S. around 1987 along with short message service (SMS) texting as well as general packet radio service (GPRS) which first offered packetized data transmission. 2G coverage is diminishing rapidly across the country since AT rather, they require speedy data delivery to function properly. The wir
30、eless system designer must guarantee data delivery within the required latency limits. Life-critical facilities such as hospitals and other healthcare facilities are unlike any other buildings because they function 24/7 365 days a year, and are especially needed during disasters where they become th
31、e hub for the injured. It is imperative that the installed LAN infrastructure be able to support immediate and future needs with minimal disruption or the need for re-cabling the facility. The systems in these facilities need to be robust and work properly in an environment that has a multitude of c
32、hallenges due to electromagnetic, and radio frequency noise (EMI/RFI), power delivery requirements, access restrictions, and increasing data speeds as the equipment used in life-critical facilities evolves. Wired and wireless fire, life safety, and emergency communications systems present particular
33、 challenges. These systems are required to operate continuously without interruption before, during, and after an event. Continuous operation can present challenges in the case of routine software updates and computer system maintenance for example. Additionally, continued functioning of the overall
34、 system is required while portions of the system are impacted by the extreme conditions present in a fire. These requirements are not always considered in other building system designs. As technology continues to evolve and more systems converge on the network, it is important to consider including
35、data from wireless personal and body area networks (PANs and BANs). Data from these devices are delivered using Bluetooth, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Zigbee and other wireless protocols. Section 8: Conclusion Technology is continually evolving, and we can only speculate what will be next on the horizon.
36、However, as building systems communications continue to converge, we know wireless networks will be the backbone of these technologies. Whenever you are designing a network, always consult your local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) early in the project to get insight and support. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 1300 NORTH 17TH STREET, SUITE 900 ROSSLYN. VA 22209www.NEMA.orgTO ORDER ADDITIONAL NEMA STANDARDS VISITWWW.GLOBAL.IHS.COM OR CALL 1-800-854-7179/1-303-397-79565612_0514TB
