1、Automatic Sprinkler Systems for Residential Occupancies Handbook 2016 Edition Edited by Matthew J. Klaus Principal Fire Protection Engineer, National Fire Protection Association With the complete text of the 2016 editions of NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Tw
2、o-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, and NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies. Natio Nal Fire Protectio N ass ociatio N The leading information and knowledge resource on fire, electrical and related hazards BK-NFPA-13DRH16-150329-FM.i
3、ndd 1 10/23/2015 4:37:20 PMProduct Management: Debra Rose Cover Design: Cameron, Inc. Development: Khela Thorne and Kenneth Ritchie Interior Design: Cheryl Langway Production: Kenneth Ritchie Composition: Cenveo Publisher Services Copyediting: Nancy Wirtes and Ellen Cosgrove Manufacturing: Ellen Gli
4、sker Permissions: Josiane Domenici Printing/Binding: RR Donnelley/Chelmsford Art Direction: Cheryl Langway Copyright 2015National Fire Protection Association One Batterymarch ParkQuincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471 All rights reserved. Important Notices and Disclaimers: Publication of this handbook is
5、for the purpose of circulating information and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPA nor the contributors to this handbook guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or as
6、sume any liability in connection with the information and opinions contained in this handbook. The NFPA and the contributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly o
7、r indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this handbook. This handbook is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contributors to this handbook are supplying information and opinion but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services
8、. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes (“NFPA 13D”), and NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-
9、Rise Residential Occupancies (“NFPA 13R”), are, like all NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), made available for use subject to Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers, which appear at the end of this handbook and can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers
10、. Notice Concerning Code Interpretations: This fourth edition of the Automatic Sprinkler Systems for Residential Occupancies Handbook is based on the 2016 editions of NFPA 13D and NFPA 13R. All NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) are developed in accordance wi
11、th the published procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. The handbook contains the complete text of NFPA 13D and NFPA 13R and any applicable Formal Interpretations issued by the NFPA at the time of publication. These NFPA
12、 Standards are accompanied by explanatory commentary and other supplementary materials. The commentary and supplementary materials in this handbook are not a part of the NFPA Standards and do not constitute Formal Interpretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only through requests processed by
13、the responsible technical committees in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA). The commentary and supplementary materials, therefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the editor or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the NFPA or its tec
14、hnical committees. REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDS NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, and NFPA 13R, Standard for the Instal- lation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies, like all NFPA codes, s
15、tandards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Int
16、erim Amendment and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the Document Information Pages on NFPAs website. The Docu- ment Information Pages provide up-to-date, docum
17、ent-specific information, including any issued Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata. To access the Document Information Page for a specific NFPA Standard go to http:/www.nfpa.org/document for a list of NFPA Standards, and click on the appropriate Standard number (e.g., NFPA 13D). In addition to p
18、osting all existing Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata, the Document Information Page also includes the option to sign-up for an “Alert” feature to receive an email notification when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document. The following are registered trademarks of
19、the National Fire Protection Association : National Fire Protection Association NFPA NFPA72 Building Construction and Safety Code and NFPA 5000 Fire Protection Handbook Life Safety Code and 101 National Electrical Code , NEC , and NFPA 70 Fire Sprinkler Initiative NFPA No.: 13DRH16 ISBN (book): 978-
20、145590-8837 ISBN (PDF): 978-145590-9315 Library of Congress Control No.: 2015948231 Printed in the United States of America 15 16 17 18 19 5 4 3 2 1 BK-NFPA-13DRH16-150329-FM.indd 2 10/22/2015 12:19:18 PMForeword vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi About the Contributors xiii About the Editor xvii PAR
21、T on E n FPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, with Commentary 11 Administration 51.1 Scope 71.2 Purpose 131.3 Retroactivity 201.4 Equivalency 211.5 Units 211.6 New Technology 222 Referenced Publications 252.1 General 252
22、.2 NFPA Publications 252.3 Other Publications 252.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections 263 Definitions 273.1 General 273.2 NFPA Official Definitions 273.3 General Definitions 294 General Requirements 394.1 Sprinkler Temperature Ratings 394.2 Tube 394.3 Listed or Labeled 394.4 Smoke Alarms
23、 394.5 Documentation 404.6 Qualifications 405 System Components 435.1 General 435.2 Aboveground Pipe and Equipment 455.3 Underground Pipe 555.4 Pre-Engineered Systems 556 Water Supply 576.1 General Provisions 576.2 Water Supply Sources 596.3 Multipurpose Piping System 656.4 Manufactured Home Water S
24、upply 676.5 Common Supply Pipes 687 Installation 737.1 Valves 737.2 Drains and Test Connections 757.3 Pressure Gauges 777.4 Piping Support 777.5 Sprinklers 787.6 Alarms 857.7 Attics 858 Sprinkler Position and Location 878.1 Design Criteria 878.2 Position of Sprinklers 908.3 Location of Sprinklers 11
25、19 Protection from Freezing 1219.1 System Types 1219.2 Antifreeze Systems 1269.3 Dry Pipe and Preaction Systems 13510 Discharge and Hydraulic Calculations 13910.1 Design Discharge 13910.2 Number of Design Sprinklers 142 Contents iii BK-NFPA-13DRH16-150329-FM.indd 3 10/22/2015 12:19:19 PM 2016 Automa
26、tic Sprinkler Systems for Residential Occupancies HandbookContents iv10.3 Piping Configurations 14610.4 Pipe Sizing 14811 System Acceptance 18111.1 General 18111.2 Acceptance Tests 18112 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 18512.1 General 18512.2 Inspections and Tests 18612.3 Maintenance 187A nne x
27、 A Explana t or y M a t erial 193A nne x B I nf orma tional R ef er enc es 195 PART T Wo n FPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies, with Commentary 1971 Administration 1991.1 Scope 2001.2 Purpose 2091.3 Retroactivity 2151.4 Equivalency 2151.5 U
28、nits 2151.6 New Technology 2162 Referenced Publications 2172.1 General 2172.2 NFPA Publications 2172.3 Other Publications 2182.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections 2193 Definitions 2213.1 General 2213.2 NFPA Official Definitions 2213.3 General Definitions 2234 General Requirements 2314.1
29、Sprinklered Throughout 2314.2 Basic Requirements 2324.3 Tube 2334.4 Listed or Labeled 2334.5 System Arrangement 2335 System Components 2355.1 General 2355.2 Aboveground Piping and Equipment 2465.3 Underground Pipe 2575.4 System Types 2586 Installation 2636.1 System Protection Area Limitations 2636.2
30、 Use of Sprinklers 2646.3 Quick-Response Sprinklers 2766.4 Residential Sprinklers 2766.5 Special Situations 2926.6 Location of Sprinklers 2936.7 Piping 3016.8 Valves 3046.9 Drains 3056.10 Test Connection 3066.11 Fire Department Connection 3076.12 Pressure Gauges 3096.13 Piping Support 3096.14 Open-G
31、rid Ceilings 3106.15 Drop-Out Ceilings 3106.16 Alarms 3107 Discharge Criteria 3137.1 Design Criteria Inside Dwelling Unit 3137.2 Design Criteria Outside Dwelling Unit 3207.3 Design Criteria Garages 3227.4 Combustible Concealed Spaces 3238 Plans and Calculations 3258.1 Working Plans 3258.2 Hydraulic
32、Calculations 329 BK-NFPA-13DRH16-150329-FM.indd 4 10/22/2015 12:19:20 PMAutomatic Sprinkler Systems for Residential Occupancies Handbook 2016Contents v9 Water Supply 3399.1 Automatic 3399.2 Minimum 3399.3 Source 3409.4 Fire Pump 3429.5 Water Tanks 3439.6 Domestic Demand 3439.7 NonFire Protection Con
33、nections 34510 System Acceptance 34710.1 Approval of Sprinkler Systems 34710.2 Acceptance Tests 35111 Care and Maintenance 35511.1 Stock of Spare Sprinklers 35511.2 Owners Responsibility 35811.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 35911.4 Instructions 359A nne x A Explanatory Material 361A nne x B
34、I nf orma tional R ef er enc es 363 PART THREE Supplements 3651 Pedestal/Podium Building Design Using Model Build- ing Codes and NFPA Sprinkler Standards 3672 A History of Residential Sprinkler Use in the United States 3753 Obstructions to Residential Sprinklers 3854 Sprinkler Project Workflow Docum
35、ents 4015 Technical/Substantive Changes from the 2013 to 2016 Editions of NFPA 13D and NFPA 13R 407 PART Fou R Addenda 4111 Environmental Impact of Automatic Fire Sprinklers 4132 Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition 4153 Communities with Home Fire Sprinklers: The Experience in Bucks County, Pennsylvania 42
36、34 Home Fire Sprinkler Cost Assessment 4255 Comparative Analysis of Housing Cost and Supply Impacts of Sprinkler Ordinances at the Community Level 4276 States with Sprinkler Coalitions 441n FP A 13D Index 443n FPA 13R Index 446Important n otices and Disclaimers 449 BK-NFPA-13DRH16-150329-FM.indd 5 1
37、0/22/2015 12:19:20 PMBK-NFPA-13DRH16-150329-FM.indd 6 10/22/2015 12:19:20 PMMany of you understand the life-saving impact of residential sprinklers, but how do we con- vince others? Underscoring the enormity of todays home fire problem is one method; each year, for instance, the United States experi
38、ences an estimated 2,500 fire deaths at home, the place where the majority of fire deaths continue to occur. We are proud of the role the two residential sprinkler standards contained in this hand- book, NFPA 13D and NFPA 13R, play in reducing these tragedies. Maximizing the impact of these standard
39、s can occur through increased education and implementation of mandatory sprinkler requirements. Since all model building codes require the use of sprinklers in one- and two-family homes, dwellings without these devices lack a crucial element of fire protection. The National Fire Protection Associati
40、on (NFPA) is fully committed to increasing the number of jurisdictions with sprinkler requirements. Launched in 2009, our Fire Sprinkler Initiative (FireSprinklerInitiative.org) links sprinkler advocates with the necessary tools and resources that help make a compelling case for sprinklers in one- a
41、nd two-family homes. Throughout the site youll find free materials and research reports underscoring the devasta- tion caused by home fires and how home fire sprinklers can drastically mitigate this risk. For example, studies confirm that a persons risk of dying in a home fire decreases by nearly 80
42、 percent when sprinklers are present, and average property loss is reduced by an astounding 70 percent. The site also hosts a popular blog highlighting sprinkler advocacy efforts and crucial news throughout North America. If youre looking for up-to-the-minute sprinkler news, fol- low the Fire Sprink
43、ler Initiative on Twitter (NFPA_FSI). These outlets also highlight successes that have stemmed from effective sprinkler ad- vocacy. Two states to date California and Maryland have adopted statewide require- ments for home fire sprinklers in new one- and two-family homes. In the majority of other sta
44、tes, sprinkler advocates from all walks of life have joined state sprinkler coalitions to local- ize sprinkler education and advocacy. These grassroots efforts are nothing short of amazing. (More information on this movement can be found on the Fire Sprinkler Initiative website.) We encourage you to
45、 visit the website and put some of the materials to work in your own communities. Though it may be a long road to widespread sprinkler requirements, we know such requirements will save lives. Because of that, we will continue to work to bring this added level of safety home. Jim Pauley President and
46、 CEO NFPA Foreword vii BK-NFPA-13DRH16-150329-FM.indd 7 10/22/2015 12:19:21 PMBK-NFPA-13DRH16-150329-FM.indd 8 10/22/2015 12:19:21 PMThe fourth edition of the Automatic Sprinkler Systems for Residential Occupancies Handbook covers the two NFPA standards that specifically address this topic: NFPA 13D
47、, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, and NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Resi- dential Occupancies. Included in this edition of the handbook are five supplements that provide additional
48、information for the user. These supplements expand on topics from previous editions of the handbook, such as the application of “pedestal/podium” building design approaches using NFPA 13R sprinkler systems, the history of residential sprinklers, and a detailed look at ob- struction rules specific to
49、 residential sprinklers. Supplement 4 new to this edition covers and illustrates sprinkler project workflow documents. Following the supplements are six addenda containing technical, statistical, and anecdotal support for the continued promo- tion of residential sprinkler legislation. This handbook provides useful guidance for all members of the fire protection commu- nity. Whether you are a designer, contractor, inspector, enforcement official, or even a home- owner trying to understand how the system in your home functions, this handbook p
