1、Copyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA1452Guide forTraining Fire Service Personnel to Conduct Community RiskReduction2015 EditionThis edition of NFPA 1452, Guide forTraining Fire Service Personnel to Conduct Community RiskReduction, was prepared by the Technica
2、l Committee on Fire Service Training. It was issued bythe Standards Council on November 11, 2014, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, andsupersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 1452 was approved as an American National Standard on December1, 2014.Origin and Development of NFPA
3、1452This text was developed by the Committee on Fire Service Training and processed inaccordance with NFPA Regulations Governing Committee Projects. This guide was a revisionof and replacement for the NFPA booklet entitled How to Train Fire Fighters to Make DwellingInspections. The 2000 edition of t
4、his document was a complete revision of the 1993 edition. Itincluded updated statistics and public safety and educational information that had not beenincluded in prior editions.The 2005 edition of this document was a complete revision of the 2000 edition. Theprevious numbering of chapters and parag
5、raphs was changed to reflect requirements of theManual of Style for NFPATechnical Committee Documents.The 2010 edition brought terminology up to date, revised Chapter 9, Wildland/UrbanInterface, and added a new Chapter 10 on All Hazards Education.For the 2015 edition, the name has been changed to Gu
6、ide for Training Fire Service Personnelto Conduct Community Risk Reduction, to reflect the change within the guide to an all-hazardsapproach.14521NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Technical
7、 Committee on Fire Service TrainingKenneth W. Richards, Jr., ChairOld Mystic Fire Department, CT EWesley E. Barbour, CrossBar International LLC, NY SEJohn P. Brown, Nassau County Fire Service Academy,NY UW. Edward Buchanan, Jr., Hanover Fire EMSDepartment, VA UJames Cannell, Columbus Ohio Division o
8、f Fire, OH LRep. Columbus Firefighters UnionRick Egelin, Fireblast 451 Incorporated, CA MMike Gagliano, Seattle Fire Department, WA EWilliam E. Glover, High Temperature Linings (HTL),VA MCortez Lawrence, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, MD SERoger M. LeBoeuf, Elliott, LeBoeuf the proper installa
9、tion, maintenance, and use of smokealarms; carbon monoxide (CO) detectors; residential sprinklers;radon detection; crime prevention; and a residential all-hazardsaction planning effort. An effective home survey community riskreduction program is a primary method of all-hazards preven-tion, with prov
10、en success in reducing loss of life, injury, and prop-erty damage from fire and other risks and hazards present in thecommunity.1.2.3* In addition to reducing loss of life and property dam-age, an effective home fire and life safety program can gener-ate the following opportunities, which benefit th
11、e departmentand the entire community:(1) Publicizing year-round community programs and activi-ties (fostering the perception that citizens who supportthe fire department are getting more for their money interms of a comprehensive fire service organization)(2) Meeting residents of the community on a
12、one-to-one ba-sis and distributing various fire prevention literature,telephone stickers, and other fire safety information(3) Installing smoke alarms where none currently exist inhomes occupied by high-risk residents(4) Answering specific fire protection or all-hazards fire andlife safety inquiries
13、(5) Allowing fire fighters to become better acquainted withstreet names and layouts, hydrant and water supply loca-tions, community development, and home construction,as well as pre-fire planning(6) Using inquiries (4) and other useful information for dis-cussion during training sessions14524 TRAINI
14、NG FIRE SERVICE PERSONNEL TO CONDUCT COMMUNITY RISK REDUCTION2015 Edition(7) Using fire apparatus regularly, thereby improving driverproficiency(8) Increasing the productivity of fire fighters, specifically infire servicerelated duties(9) Assisting the professional development of fire fightersengage
15、d in the programs activities(10) Allowing the fire service to become acquainted with con-struction types, interior designs, avenues of fire spread,and locations of various concealed spaces (e.g., deter-mining the entrance to attics and crawl spaces prior toan emergency)(11) Improving fire service pe
16、rsonal accountability and mu-tual trust with community residents(12) Providing “all-hazards” information based on issuesidentified with local data(13) Creating the potential for a community partnership withthe police department to provide crime prevention in-formation to residents1.2.4 As worthwhile
17、 as the fringe benefits of 1.2.3 are, themost important responsibility is conducting community riskreduction activities in order to reduce fire and life safety haz-ards and to provide effective public all-hazards preventioneducation throughout the community.Chapter 2 Referenced Publications2.1 Gener
18、al. The documents or portions thereof listed in thischapter are referenced within this guide and should be con-sidered part of the recommendations of this document.2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association,1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fi
19、re Extinguishers, 2013 edition.NFPA 13D, StandardfortheInstallationofSprinklerSystemsinOne-and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, 2013 edition.NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2014 edition.NFPA72, NationalFireAlarmandSignalingCode, 2013 edition.NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces
20、, Vents, and SolidFuelBurning Appliances, 2013 edition.NFPA 720, Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide(CO) Detection and Warning Equipment, 2015 edition.NFPA 1144, Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazardsfrom Wildland Fire, 2013 edition.2.3 Other Publications.Merriam-Websters Coll
21、egiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.2.4 References for Extracts in Advisory Sections.NFPA72, NationalFireAlarmandSignalingCode, 2013 edition.NFPA 720, Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide(CO) Detection and Warning Equipment, 2015 edition.NFPA 114
22、4, Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazardsfrom Wildland Fire, 2013 edition.Chapter 3 Definitions3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter apply tothe terms used in this guide. Where terms are not defined in thischapter or within another chapter, they should be defined usingthei
23、r ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in whichthey are used. Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition,is the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic-tion.3.2.2* Authority Having Juri
24、sdiction (AHJ). An organization,office, or individual responsible for enforcing the require-ments of a code or standard, or for approving equipment,materials, an installation, or a procedure.3.2.3 Guide. A document that is advisory or informative innature and that contains only nonmandatory provisio
25、ns. Aguide may contain mandatory statements such as when aguide can be used, but the document as a whole is not suitablefor adoption into law.3.2.4 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which isadvised but not required.3.3 General Definitions.3.3.1 Carbon Monoxide Detector. A device having a se
26、nsorthat responds to carbon monoxide gas that is connected to analarm control unit. 720, 20153.3.2* Community Risk Reduction (CRR). A practice or ap-proach for providing all-hazards protection to a community.3.3.3 Home. One or more rooms arranged for complete, inde-pendent housekeeping purposes, wit
27、h space for eating, living,and sleeping; facilities for cooking; and provisions for sanitation.3.3.4* Radon. A colorless and odorless radioactive gas that isderived from the decay of uranium.3.3.5 Smoke Alarm. A single or multiple-station alarm re-sponsive to smoke. 72, 20133.3.6*StructureIgnitionZo
28、ne. The area around a specific struc-ture and associated accessory structures, including all vegetationthat contains potential ignition sources and fuels that can affectignition potential during an intense wildland fire. 1144, 20133.3.7 Wildland Fire. An unplanned and uncontrolled firespreading thro
29、ugh vegetative fuels, at times involving struc-tures. 1144, 20133.3.8* Wildland/Urban Interface. The presence of structuresin locations in which the AHJ determines that topographicalfeatures, vegetation fuel types, local weather conditions, andprevailing winds result in the potential for ignition of
30、 thestructures within the area from flames and firebrands of awildland fire. 1144, 2013Chapter 4 Program Benefits4.1 Material Distribution. Fire and life safety visits to homesprovide the fire department with one of the best means ofdelivering public all-hazards prevention education through di-rect
31、contact with residents of the community. Maximum effec-tiveness can be accomplished through the distribution of lifesafety all-hazards prevention literature and education directedat the local fire and life safety problems. Fire fighters can ex-plain specific items in the literature and answer questi
32、ons thathomeowners might have on specific fire department commu-nity risk reduction campaigns. Many fire departments find itadvantageous to print special cards, certificates, or door stick-ers to recognize homeowners whose homes are found to be ingood, all-hazards safe condition.14525PROGRAM BENEFIT
33、S2015 Edition4.2* Support of Other Programs. Personal visits by fire fightersto homes for community risk reduction and all-hazards preven-tion generally improve the fire departments public image in thecommunity. The program enables fire fighters to install smokealarms, distribute information, and pr
34、ovide teaching on the useand placement of smoke alarms and carbon monoxide (CO) de-tectors and the dangers of radon, the benefits of residential sprin-klers, home fire escape planning, safety hints for babysitters, anda variety of other community risk reduction safety-related sub-jects. Fire fighter
35、s can supplement the residential communityrisk reduction visits by giving homeowners and occupants tele-phone stickers or cards showing the emergency telephone num-bers and procedures for sending a fire alarm. Additionally, thecommunity risk reduction program can identify the increasingnumbers of un
36、regulated day care and adult care centers in resi-dential occupancies.4.3 Continuing Community Risk Reduction Programs. In theplanning stages of a community risk reduction program, thefire chief and fire officers should look beyond the immediateshort-term benefits, anticipating its extension and con
37、tinua-tion as a permanent program. Although the initial home com-munity risk reduction activities can be a resounding success,the fire department should continue to analyze and evaluatethe effectiveness of the program and its continued ability toaddress the current local fire and life safety problem
38、s. The firedepartment should realize that planning, implementation,and evaluation processes should be a continuous cycle thatreacts to the varying needs of the community. The experiencesof fire departments that have initiated successful communityrisk reduction programs have led them to retain these
39、activi-ties year after year. The success of these programs has, in somecommunities, resulted in a dramatic reduction in life andproperty loss from fire and other community hazards.Chapter 5 Planning the Community Risk ReductionProgram5.1 General.5.1.1 Careful planning and preparation are essential i
40、f a com-munity risk reduction program is to be successful.5.1.2 The chief of the fire department should demonstrate acommitment to the planning and execution of the program.Every department member is responsible for educating thepeople of the community about the benefits of the program.The items to
41、consider when the program is planned are pre-sented in Sections 5.2 through 5.7.5.2 Publicity. Community risk reduction should be “sold” tothe public. The fire department should use its website anddepartment vehicles to actively promote community risk re-duction efforts. Homeowners and other residen
42、tial occupantsshould be fully informed of the value of community risk reduc-tion activities, including how such activities can save lives, re-duce injuries, and protect their homes from all hazards. Edu-cation can be accomplished by enlisting the assistance of localradio and television stations and
43、newspapers to inform thepublic of the purpose and benefits of the community risk re-duction program activities. The local chamber of commerce,community service clubs, church groups, fraternal orders, andschools should be contacted for additional program support.Generally, most of these organizations
44、 are glad to cooperate.Careful planning and widespread community support will in-crease the overall success of these programs.5.3 Training.5.3.1 One of the most important phases of any training pro-gram is teaching fire fighters to apply the knowledge gained toa practical situation. Fire fighters sh
45、ould be able to recognizehazards of all types and make proper recommendations forcorrection. They should also be able to explain and offer rea-sons for the corrections suggested. For example, a fire fightershould be prepared to recommend the installation of safetydevices, such as smoke alarms, fire
46、extinguishers, and carbonmonoxide (CO) and radon detectors, and to specify properlocations for their installation. Fire fighters should be knowl-edgeable in recognizing fire and life safety hazards and betechnically informed about the recommended methods fortheir removal. Fire fighters should projec
47、t an image and atti-tude that leaves a positive, lasting impression.5.3.2 Visual and mechanical training aids are extremely usefulto achieving these goals in training fire fighters. For example,color slides showing typical fire and life safety hazards and faultyinstallations should help fire fighter
48、s recognize hazards. It is sug-gested that training officers seek the aid of technically qualifiedindividuals, such as building inspectors and electrical inspectors,to assist in instructing fire fighters in the use and application oflocal codes and building regulations pertaining to fire protectiona
49、nd fire and life safety hazards prevention.5.3.3* Fire fighters should be thoroughly trained before beingsent out on their own to conduct community risk reductionactivities. Training should consist of classroom instruction andapplication of knowledge and principles in the field of fireand life safety hazards prevention.5.3.3.1 Classroom instruction should include the following:(1) Proper methods of introduction and explanation of pro-gram rationale for the homeowner or building occupant(2) Proper methods of securing permission from the home-owner to
