1、204 Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting 2018 NFPAIMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein is
2、one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on re and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process
3、and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damag
4、es of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on NFPA Standards. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. In
5、issuing and making NFPA Standards available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or h
6、er own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor does the NFPA
7、list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certication or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certier or maker of the stateme
8、nt. REVISION SYMBOLS IDENTIFYING CHANGES FROM THE PREVIOUS EDITION Text revisions are shaded. A before a section number indicates that words within that section were deleted and a to the left of a table or gure number indicates a revision to an existing table or gure. When a chapter was heavily revi
9、sed, the entire chapter is marked throughout with the symbol. Where one or more sections were deleted, a is placed between the remaining sections. Chapters, annexes, sections, gures, and tables that are new are indicated with an N. Note that these indicators are a guide. Rearrangement of sections ma
10、y not be captured in the markup, but users can view complete revision details in the First and Second Draft Reports located in the archived revision information section of each code at www.nfpa.org/docinfo. Any subsequent changes from the NFPA Technical Meeting, Tentative Interim Amendments, and Err
11、ata are also located there. REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDS Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that NFPA Standards may be amended from time to time through the issuance of a Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) or corrected by Errat
12、a. An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any TIAs and Errata then in effect. To determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, go to www.nfpa.org/doc
13、info to choose from the list of NFPA Standards or use the search feature to select the NFPA Standard number (e.g., NFPA 13). The document information page provides up-to-date document-specic information as well as postings of all existing TIAs and Errata. It also includes the option to register for
14、an “Alert” feature to receive an automatic email notication when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document. ISBN: 978-145591904-8 (Print) ISBN: 978-145591905-5 (PDF) ISBN: 978-145591906-2 (eBook)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS ADDITIONAL NOTICES
15、AND DISCLAIMERS Updating of NFPA Standards Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Int
16、erim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has
17、been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire Codes Subscription Service, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org, or contact the NFPA at the address listed below. Interpre
18、tations of NFPA Standards A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards shall not be considered the ofcial position of NFPA or any of its Committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon
19、 as, a Formal Interpretation. Patents The NFPA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights referenced in, related to, or asserted in connection with an NFPA Standard. The users of NFPA Standards bear the sole responsibility for determining the validity of any such pa
20、tent rights, as well as the risk of infringement of such rights, and the NFPA disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting from the use of or reliance on NFPA Standards. NFPA adheres to the policy of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) regarding the inclusion of pate
21、nts in American National Standards (“the ANSI Patent Policy”), and hereby gives the following notice pursuant to that policy: NOTICE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with an NFPA Standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. NFPA takes no positio
22、n as to the validity of any such patent rights or as to whether such patent rights constitute or include essential patent claims under the ANSI Patent Policy. If, in connection with the ANSI Patent Policy, a patent holder has led a statement of willingness to grant licenses under these rights on rea
23、sonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, copies of such led statements can be obtained, on request, from NFPA. For further information, contact the NFPA at the address listed below. Law and Regulations Users of NFPA Standards should consult
24、applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights NFPA Standar
25、ds are copyrighted. They are made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of safe practices and methods. By making these documents available for
26、 use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to these documents. Use of NFPA Standards for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by reference. The term “adoption by reference” means the citing of title, edition, and
27、publishing information only. Any deletions, additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument. In order to assist NFPA in following the uses made of its documents, adopting authorities are requested to notify the NFPA (Attention: Secretary
28、 Standards Council) in writing of such use. For technical assistance and questions concerning adoption of NFPA Standards, contact NFPA at the address below. For Further Information All questions or other communications relating to NFPA Standards and all requests for information on NFPA procedures g
29、overning its codes and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA standards during regular revision cycles, should be sent to NFPA headquarters, addresse
30、d to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; email: stds_adminnfpa.org. For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All NFPA codes and standards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/docinfo.2
31、04-1 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2017, National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reserved. NFPA 204 Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting 2018 Edition This edition of
32、 NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Smoke Management Systems. It was issued by the Standards Council on November 10, 2017, with an effective date of November 30, 2017, and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 204 was approved a
33、s an American National Standard on November 30, 2017. Origin and Development of NFPA 204 This project was initiated in 1956 when the NFPA Board of Directors referred the subject to the Committee on Building Construction. A tentative guide was submitted to NFPA in 1958. Revised and tentatively adopte
34、d in 1959 and again in 1960, the guide was ofcially adopted in 1961. In 1968, a revised edition was adopted that included a new section, Inspection and Maintenance. In 1975, a reconrmation action failed as concerns over use of the guide in conjunction with automatic sprinklered buildings surfaced. B
35、ecause of this controversy, work on a revision to the guide continued at a slow pace. The Technical Committee and Subcommittee members agreed that the state of the art had progressed sufciently to develop improved technology-based criteria for design of venting; therefore, the 1982 edition of the do
36、cument represented a major advance in engineered smoke and heating venting, although reservations over vent and sprinkler applications still existed. At the time the guide was formulated, the current venting theory was considered unwieldy for this format; consequently, the more adaptable theory as d
37、escribed herein was adopted. Appreciation must be extended to Dr. Gunnar Heskestad at the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (now FM Global) for his major contribution to the theory applied in this standard, which is detailed in Annex B. The 1985 edition again revised Chapter 6 on the subject of ve
38、nting in sprinklered buildings. Test data from work done at the Illinois Institute of Technology Research, which had been submitted to the Committee as part of a public proposal, did not permit consensus to be developed on whether sprinkler control was impaired or enhanced by the presence of automat
39、ic roof vents of typical spacing and area. The revised wording of Chapter 6 encouraged the designer to use the available tools and data referenced in the document while the use of automatic venting in sprinklered buildings was under review. The 1991 edition made minor changes to Chapter 6 to acknowl
40、edge that a design basis existed for using sprinklers and automatic heat venting together but that such had not received wide recognition. The 1998 edition represented a complete revision of the guide. The rewrite deleted the previous tables that listed vent areas and incorporated engineering equati
41、ons and referenced computer models, such as LAVENT and DETACT, to provide the designer with the necessary tools to develop vent designs based on performance objectives. This rewrite was based extensively on state-of-the-art technology published in the references. In many cases, the authors of these
42、references participated in the task groups rewrite efforts. The 2002 edition of NFPA 204 was converted from a guide to a standard, thus implementing mandatory requirements and updated language. The document was also updated to meet Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents requirements.
43、SMOKE AND HEAT VENTING 204-2 2018 Edition The 2007 edition included a number of technical changes. New provisions on air entrainment into the re plume, the effect of wind on the location of air vents, sizing of air paths, air velocity limitations, and plugholing were provided. Information on the use
44、 of vents as air inlets and a better description of the smoke layer interface were added. Revisions with regard to how heat release rates, discharge coefcients, exhaust rates, and the number of exhaust inlets are to be determined were incorporated. Reference to international standards on vents, mech
45、anical smoke extract, and draft curtains, as well as updated annex text on recent research efforts, were provided. The 2012 edition was updated to include additional requirements and annex material for venting in sprinklered buildings. The 2015 edition included revised provisions on draft curtains.
46、These requirements created consistency with NFPA 92. The 2018 edition was updated to include a correction to an Annex A image, the addition of a denition for the term “standard,” and updated references.COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 204-3 2018 Edition Technical Committee on Smoke Management Systems Allyn J. Va
47、ughn, Chair NV5/JBA Consulting Engineers, NV SE Elyahu Avidor, Tel Aviv, Israel RT Rep. Standards Institution of Israel Carl F. Baldassarra, Wiss Janney Elstner Associates, Inc., IL SE Flora F. Chen, Hayward Fire Department, California, CA E Richard J. Davis, FM Global, MA I Kevin L. Derr, U.S. Arch
48、itect of the Capitol, DC E Kelly Eisenstein, City Of San Diego, CA E Michael J. Ferreira, JENSEN HUGHES, MD SE Donald Fess, Harvard University, MA U Maxwell French, Cosentini Associates, MA SE Brian Green, Viking Corporation, MI M Rep. National Fire Sprinkler Association Geoffrey Harris, Smoke and F
49、ire Engineering Technology Ltd., United Kingdom SE Rep. ISO TC on Smoke and Heat Control Systems and Components David A. Killian, Walt Disney Parks & Resorts, CA U William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD M Rep. AAMA Smoke Vent Task Group Jeffrey A. Maddox, The Fire Consultants, Inc., CA SE Cameron J. McCartney, National Research Council of Canada, Canada RT James A. Milke, University of Maryland, MD SE Timothy J. Orris, AMCA International, Inc., IL M Rep. Air Movement & Control Association Thomas J. Parrish, Te
