1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AMS1428J AEROSPACEMATERIAL SPECIFICATIONAMS1428 REV. J Issued 1997-08 Revised 2017-03 Supersedi
5、ng AMS1428H Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV RATIONALE This document has been revised to distinguish this foundation specification (AMS1428J) and the associated category specifications (AMS1428/1 and AMS1428/2), and to define the terms Glyc
6、ol (Conventional and Non-Conventional) and Non-Glycol. The category specifications (AMS1428/1 and AMS14/2) and the new AS6285 have been added to the Applicable Documents Section 2, and Sandwich Corrosion section 3.3.2.1 has been revised to clarify the test result required. Labeling requirements in s
7、ection 5.1.2 have been updated to account for the new category specifications. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Form 3 1.1.2 Classification . 3 1.1.3 Non-Newtonian 3 1.1.4 Pseudoplastic 3 1.2 Application . 3 1.3 Precautions . 3 1.4 Safety - Hazardous Materials 4 1.5 Fluid Qualification 4 2. APPLICAB
8、LE DOCUMENTS 4 2.1 SAE Publications . 4 2.2 ASTM Publications 5 2.3 U.S. Government Publications 6 2.4 APHA Publications 6 2.5 OECD Publications 6 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 7 3.1 Material 7 3.1.1 Definition of Glycol (Conventional and Non-Conventional), and Non-Glycol. 7 3.1.2 Requirements 7 3.1.3 N
9、on-Glycol Based Fluid . 7 3.1.4 Toxicity 7 3.1.5 Appearance . 8 3.1.6 Environmental Information 8 3.1.7 Trace Contaminants 8 3.2 Physical Properties 8 3.2.1 Fluid as Received in Neat Form 8 3.2.2 Fluid Stability . 9 3.2.3 Rheological Properties 12 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS1428J Page 2 of 25 3.2.4 Anti-I
10、cing Performance 13 3.2.5 Aerodynamic Acceptance 13 3.3 Fluid Tested Both Neat and as a Diluted Solution . 14 3.3.1 Freezing Point . 14 3.3.2 Effect on Aircraft Materials 14 3.3.3 Effect on Painted Surfaces 15 3.3.4 Effect on Unpainted Surfaces . 16 3.3.5 Pavement Compatibility . 16 4. QUALITY ASSUR
11、ANCE PROVISIONS 16 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection 16 4.2 Classification of Tests . 16 4.2.1 Lot Acceptance Tests 16 4.2.2 Periodic Requalification Tests . 16 4.2.3 Initial Qualification Tests . 16 4.3 Sampling and Testing . 17 4.3.1 Bulk Shipments . 17 4.3.2 Drum Shipments . 17 4.4 Approval 17 4.
12、5 Reports 18 4.5.1 Initial Qualification and Periodic Requalification Reports 18 4.5.2 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 18 4.6 Re-Sampling and Re-Testing 18 5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY . 18 5.1 Packaging and Identification . 18 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 19 7. REJECTIONS . 19 8. SIMILAR SPECIFICATIONS . 19
13、9. NOTES 19 9.1 Revision Indicator 19 APPENDIX A SUCCESSIVE DRY OUT AND REHYDRATION TEST FOR DEICING/ANTI-ICING FLUID . 20 TABLE 1 CLASSIFICATION . 3 TABLE 2 FLUID CYCLING PERIOD 12 TABLE 3 MINIMUM ANTI-ICING PERFORMANCE . 13 TABLE 4 TOTAL IMMERSION CORROSION 15 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS1428J Page 3 of
14、25 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This foundation specification (AMS1428J) and its associated category specifications (AMS1428/1 and AMS1428/2) cover three types of deicing/anti-icing fluids, each in the form of a non-Newtonian fluid. 1.1.1 Foundation and Category Specifications This foundation specification est
15、ablishes the requirements for all Type II, III, and IV aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. It defines Glycol (Conventional and Non-Conventional) based fluids and Non-Glycol based fluids, and contains additional properties and requirements that apply to both Glycol (Conventional and Non-Conventional)
16、 and Non-Glycol based products. 1.1.2 Classification Deicing/anti-icing fluids covered by this specification are classified as follows: Table 1 - Classification Fluid SAE Type Anti-Icing Performance Use Table 3 (3.2.4.1) Aerodynamic Performance Use AS5900 (see Note) Color Type II II High Speed Ramp
17、Test Yellow Type III III Low Speed Ramp Test Bright Yellow Type IV IV High Speed Ramp Test Green NOTE: As per 3.2.5.2, any fluid can be tested in accordance with the AS5900 high speed ramp test and/or low speed ramp test to demonstrate acceptable aerodynamic performance. The designations in Table 1
18、are for fluid classification purposes only. Consult the fluid manufacturer for complete aerodynamic test data. 1.1.3 Non-Newtonian A fluid defined as non-Newtonian exhibits a different apparent viscosity value when tested at the same temperature, using the same viscometer and spindle in a predetermi
19、ned volume when the only variant is the rotational speed of the spindle. Typically, the non-Newtonian fluid shear stress is not in direct proportion to its rate of flow. 1.1.4 Pseudoplastic A fluid described as pseudoplastic shall exhibit reduced apparent viscosity values as the spindle speed is inc
20、reased, and revert to original flow behavior when the shear stress is removed. This shall be demonstrable at the temperatures listed in 3.2.3.2. 1.2 Application This document establishes the minimum requirements for the qualification of ground-based aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. Consult ARP473
21、7 for more information on the proper use or restrictions of SAE Type II, III, and IV aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. 1.3 Precautions 1.3.1 The lowest operational use temperature (LOUT) for a SAE Type II, III, and IV fluid shall be determined for the neat (undiluted) fluid or for each intended us
22、e dilution, and is the lowest temperature at which the fluid has been tested and certified as acceptable in accordance with the appropriate aerodynamic acceptance test (3.2.5) while still maintaining the 7 C (13 F) freezing point temperature buffer (see ARP4737). The fluid manufacturers literature s
23、hall clearly state the LOUT for the neat fluid and intended use dilutions. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS1428J Page 4 of 25 1.3.2 The deicing/anti-icing formulation may be mildly toxic and contact with human skin and eyes should be avoided. Prolonged exposure to concentrations of vapor or windborne mists sho
24、uld be avoided. Consult the fluid manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheet for further information. 1.3.3 Caution should be exercised in the use of glycol-water deicing/anti-icing solutions in and around electrical/electronic circuitry with noble metal coated wiring or terminals which could make con
25、tact with the fluid. Exothermic reactions, which may result in fire have been reported. This may occur where defectively insulated wires, switches, or circuit breakers carrying direct current are encountered. Fluids based on glycol shall contain an inhibitor to minimize this potential fire hazard. 1
26、.3.4 A fluid meeting this specification is unique to each manufacturer and may be adversely affected by mixing with other aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids. 1.3.5 Slippery conditions may exist on the ground, or equipment following the deicing/anti-icing procedure. 1.3.6 Deicing/anti-icing fluids sh
27、ould be compatible with carbon brake material. Reference to ARP4737 and the airplane manufacturers maintenance and service documents for further information on fluid use. An industry standard test method for compatibility is under development. 1.3.7 SAE Type II, III, and IV fluids, especially when u
28、sed in a one-step process, or in the first step of a two-step process, may cause residues to collect in aerodynamically quiet areas, cavities, and gaps. These residues can affect flight safety. Refer to ARP4737 for more information. 1.4 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, appl
29、ications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any haz
30、ardous materials and processes and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 1.5 Fluid Qualification It is not sufficient for a SAE Type II, III, or IV fluid to meet all of the requirements of AMS1428 for airlines to be able to use it. For su
31、ch a fluid to be used commercially, it must also have holdover time guidelines and be identified on a list of qualified fluids acceptable to regulators. For information on the qualification process of an AMS1428 fluid, reference ARP5718. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The issue of the follow
32、ing documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding
33、document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS1428/1 Fluid, Ai
34、rcraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV, Glycol (Conventional and Non-Conventional) Based AMS1428/2 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, Non-Newtonian (Pseudoplastic), SAE Types II, III, and IV, Non-Glycol Based AMS2470 Anodic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys,
35、Chromic Acid Process SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS1428J Page 5 of 25 AMS2475 Protective Treatments Magnesium Alloys AMS2825 Material Safety Data Sheets AMS4037 Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024; -T3 Flat Sheet, -T351 Plate) Solution Heat Treated AMS4041 Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and P
36、late, Alclad 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024, -T3 Sheet/-T351 Plate with 1% Alclad) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked and Naturally Aged AMS4049 Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate, Alclad 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (Alclad 7075; -T6 Sheet - T651 Plate) Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated AMS4376
37、Plate, Magnesium Alloy 3.0Al - 1.0Zn - 0.20Mn (AZ31B-H26) Cold Rolled and Partially Annealed AMS4911 Titanium Alloy, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 6Al - 4V Annealed AMS4916 Titanium Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate 8Al - 1Mo - 1V Duplex Annealed AMS5045 Steel, Sheet and Strip 0.25 Carbon, Maximum Hard Temper
38、 AMS5886 Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, and Rings 50Ni - 20Cr - 20Co - 5.8Mo - 2.2Ti - 0.45Al Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted 2100 F (1149 C) Solution Heat Treated AMS-P-83310 Plastic Sheet, Polycarbonate, Transparent AIR9968 Viscosity Test of Thickened Aircraft
39、 Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids ARP1917 Clarification of Terms Used in Aerospace Metals Specifications ARP4737 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Methods ARP5485 Endurance Time Tests for Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids SAE Type II, III, and IV ARP5718 Process to Obtain Holdover Times for Aircraft Deicing/Ant
40、i-Icing Fluids, SAE AMS1428 Types II, III, and IV AS5900 Standard Test Method for Aerodynamic Acceptance of AMS1424 and AMS1428 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids AS5901 Water Spray and High Humidity Endurance Test Methods for SAE AMS1424 and SAE AMS1428 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids AS6285 Air
41、craft Ground Deicing Anti-icing Processes 2.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM C672 Scaling Resistance of Concrete Surfaces Exposed to De-icing Chemicals ASTM D93 Flash
42、 Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester ASTM D891 Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals ASTM D1177 Freezing Point of Aqueous Engine Coolants ASTM D1193 Reagent Water SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS1428J Page 6 of 25 ASTM D1331 Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-Act
43、ive Agents ASTM D1568 Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkylbenzene Sulfonates ASTM D1747 Refractive Index of Viscous Materials ASTM D2196 Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield Type) Viscometer ASTM D3278 Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed Cup Apparat
44、us ASTM D4052 Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter ASTM D4177 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products ASTM E70 pH of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Electrode ASTM F483 Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals ASTM F484 Stress Craz
45、ing of Acrylic Plastics in Contact with Liquid or Semi-Liquid Compounds ASTM F485 Effects of Cleaners on Unpainted Aircraft Surfaces ASTM F502 Effects of Cleaning and Chemical Maintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft Surfaces ASTM F519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating Process
46、es and Service Environments ASTM F945 Stress Corrosion of Titanium Alloys by Aircraft Engine Cleaning Materials ASTM F1105 Preparing Aircraft Cleaning Compounds, Liquid Type, Temperature-Sensitive, or Solvent-Based, for Storage Stability Testing ASTM F1110 Sandwich Corrosion Test ASTM F1111 Corrosio
47、n of Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate by Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals 2.1.3 U.S. Government Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/quicksearch.dla.mil. MIL-PRF-25690 Plastic, Sheets and Formed Parts, Modified Acrylic Base, Monolithic, Crack Propagation Resistant MIL-STD-
48、870 Cadmium Plating, Low Embrittlement, Electrodeposited 2.1.4 APHA Publications Available from American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005 or www.apha.org. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water 2.1.5 OECD Publications Available from OE
49、CD: 2, rue Andr Pascal, Cedex 16, 75016 Paris, FRANCE or www.oecd.org. OECD Guidelines for Testing Chemicals SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS1428J Page 7 of 25 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Material The composition of the fluid shall be optional to the manufacturer and shall be based on freezing point depressants with additives, such that the finished product shall meet the requirements of this specification. 3.1.1 Definition of Glyc
