1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub
3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP4752BAEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP4752 REV. BIssued 1994-09 Revised 2013-12 Su
5、perseding ARP4752A Aerospace - Design and Installation of Commercial Transport Aircraft Hydraulic SystemsRATIONALEThe changes to ARP4752 at Revision B include: a. A limited number of technical changes including removing all references to JAR airworthiness regulationsb. Editorial changes including up
6、dating the references and deleting Appendix A (alphabetical index) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 52. REFERENCES 52.1 Applicable Documents 52.1.1 SAE Publications . 52.1.2 Airlines for America (A4A) Publications 82.1.3 Department of Defense Publications 82.1.4 EASA Publications 92.1.5 FAA Publications .
7、 92.1.6 ISO Publications 92.1.7 RTCA Publications 102.2 Related Publications . 102.3 Definitions . 103. OVERALL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 113.1 General Requirements 113.1.1 Design . 113.1.2 System Integration 113.1.3 System Pressure . 113.1.4 Hydraulic Fluid 113.1.5 Temperatures 123.1.6 Schemati
8、c Diagram . 133.2 Applicable Airworthiness Requirements . 133.3 Design Concept and Overall Layout Requirements . 143.3.1 Aircraft Utilizing a Single Main Hydraulic System . 153.3.2 Aircraft Utilizing Two Independent Hydraulic Systems . 153.3.3 Aircraft Utilizing More Than Two Independent Hydraulic S
9、ystems 163.3.4 Loss of Electrical Generated Power . 16SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4752B Page 2 of 58 3.3.5 Directional Control of the Aircraft on the Ground 163.3.6 Backup Power Sources . 163.3.7 Protection Devices 173.4 Segregation Requirements . 183.4.1 Engine Debris Requirements 183.4.2 Protection again
10、st Flailing Tires and Tire Debris 183.4.3 Protection against Flailing Shafts 183.4.4 Minimizing the Effect of Structural Damage 193.5 Maintainability Requirements 193.5.1 General . 193.5.2 Provision of Labels 193.5.3 Servicing Requirements 203.5.4 Use of External Equipment . 203.5.5 Internal Leakage
11、 Checks 213.5.6 Filling and Bleeding . 213.5.7 Draining and Flushing . 213.5.8 Use of Special Tools . 213.5.9 Pressure Release (Dump) Valves 213.5.10 Common Parts 223.5.11 Centralized Maintenance System . 223.6 Reliability Requirements . 234. GENERAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS . 234
12、.1 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.581 - Lightning Protection 244.2 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.601 - General . 244.3 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.603 - Materials . 244.4 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1301 - Function and Installation 244.4.1 Qualification of Each Component . 244.4.2 Identification of Each Component . 244.4.3 Installa
13、tion Limitations . 254.4.4 Demonstration of Satisfactory Operation 254.5 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1309 - Equipment, Systems, and Installations 254.5.1 Correct Operation of the Hydraulic System 254.5.2 Hydraulic System Indicators and Warnings 264.6 14 CFR Part 25.943/CS 25.1315 - Negative Accelerations 2
14、64.7 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1322 - Warning, Caution, and Advisory Lights 275. SPECIFIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS 275.1 Part (a) - Element Design . 275.1.1 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(a)(1) 275.1.2 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(a)(2) 285.1.3 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(a)(3) 285.1.4 14 CFR Pa
15、rt 25/CS 25.1435(a)(4) 295.1.5 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(a)(5) 295.2 Part (b) - System Design . 305.2.1 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(b)(1) 315.2.2 14 CFR Part 25/CS 1435(b)(2) . 315.2.3 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(b)(3) 325.2.4 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(b)(4) 325.2.5 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(b)(5) 345.3
16、 Part (c) - Tests 345.3.1 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435 Part (c) Additional Information 345.3.2 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(c)(1) 345.3.3 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(c)(2) 355.3.4 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25.1435(c)(3) 356. DESIGN PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES . 366.1 Pressure Limitations . 366.1.1 System Pressure . 36
17、6.1.2 Back Pressure . 36SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4752B Page 3 of 58 6.2 Fluid Velocity Limitations 366.2.1 Fluid Flow Effects 376.3 Subsystem Isolation 376.4 System Filling 376.5 Removal of Entrapped Air . 376.5.1 System Air Tolerance 386.6 Subsystem Pressure . 386.7 System Interconnections . 387. COMPO
18、NENTS 387.1 General . 387.2 Pumps . 397.2.1 Variable Displacement Pump 397.2.2 Fixed Displacement Pump 397.2.3 Engine Driven Pump (EDP) 397.2.4 Electric Motor Driven Pump 397.2.5 Power Transfer Unit (PTU) . 407.2.6 Air Turbine Driven Pump . 407.2.7 Manually Operated Pumps . 407.3 Reservoirs . 417.3.
19、1 Reservoir Location 417.3.2 Reservoir Venting 417.3.3 Reservoir Pressurization . 427.4 Accumulators 447.5 General Valve Requirements 447.5.1 Directional Control Valves . 447.5.2 Control Valve Actuation 457.5.3 Valve Position Indication . 457.5.4 Incorrect Use of Check Valves 457.5.5 Installation of
20、 a Shutoff Valve and Check Valve in the Same Subsystem 457.6 Filters 457.6.1 Filter Element Requirements 467.6.2 Filter Locations 467.6.3 Replacement of Filter Elements 467.6.4 Hydraulic Sequencing . 467.6.5 Integral Filtration in Components 477.7 Flow Regulators 477.8 Snubbers . 477.9 Relief Valves
21、, System and Thermal Relief . 477.9.1 System Relief Valves 477.9.2 Thermal Expansion Relief Valve . 487.10 Motors . 487.11 Actuators . 487.12 Self-Sealing Couplings 497.13 Shuttle Valves . 497.14 Pressure Switches 507.15 Oil Coolers 508. INSTALLATION PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES . 508.1 General . 508.2
22、Installation of Actuators . 518.3 Installation of Accumulators 518.4 Location of Hydraulic Tubing 518.4.1 Lines Containing Other Fluids . 518.4.2 Electrical Systems . 518.4.3 Environmental Control System (ECS) 518.4.4 Other Systems/Components. 528.5 Means of Providing Flexibility in Tube Lines . 528
23、.6 Tubing . 528.6.1 Tubing Materials 528.6.2 Manufacturing Processes . 53SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4752B Page 4 of 58 8.6.3 Tubing Bends and Ovality . 538.6.4 Installation of Small Size Tubing . 538.6.5 Straight Tube Lines . 538.6.6 Tubing and Fitting Identification 538.6.7 Tubing Supports 548.6.8 Tying
24、548.7 Design of System Installations 548.7.1 Component Lines 548.7.2 Pump Suction Lines 548.7.3 Pump Case Drain Lines 548.7.4 Drain Lines 548.7.5 Mounting of Lightweight Components 548.7.6 Vibration 558.7.7 Tubing Clearances 558.7.8 Corrosion Protection . 558.7.9 Manifolds . 558.8 Hoses 568.8.1 Hose
25、 Assemblies 568.8.2 Hose Support 568.8.3 Hose Bend Radii . 578.8.4 Hose Protection . 578.8.5 Provisions for Hose Elongation and Contraction 578.9 Fittings . 578.9.1 Permanent Fittings 578.9.2 Separable Fittings . 579. NOTES 58TABLE 1 PROOF AND ULTIMATE PRESSURES 27 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4752B Page 5
26、of 58 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidance for the design and installation of a commercial aircraft hydraulic system to meet the applicable requirements, including the applicable airworthiness regulations that affect the hydraulic system design. This ARP also prov
27、ides information and guidelines on the many factors that arise in the design process to provide cost effectiveness, reliability, maintainability and accepted design and installation practices. 2. REFERENCES The majority of the documents referenced in this section are aerospace hydraulic system stand
28、ards. They include advisory, guidance and certification documentation that can be used for designing, testing and evaluating the design of aircraft hydraulic systems. However, these documents may be added to, or overridden by, specific aircraft and/or airworthiness requirements, particularly when th
29、e documents are oriented towards military aircraft requirements. While military and commercial aircraft hydraulic systems generally utilize different fluid types, the intent of Military Specifications(MIL-specs) provides important and relevant requirements and guidelines for commercial aircraft appl
30、ications. 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In theevent of confl
31、ict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Com
32、monwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AIR310 Fittings, Catalog of Flared, Flareless, Pipe Threaded, Port, Hose, and Other Type Tube Standard ConnectorsAIR737 Aerospace Hydraulic and Pneumatic Specifications, S
33、tandards, Recommended Practices, and Information ReportsAIR787 Filter Element Cleaning Methods AIR797 Hose Characteristics and Selection Chart AIR887 Liquid Filter Ratings, Parameters and Tests AIR1379 Prestressing (Autofrettaging) of Hydraulic Tubing Lines AIR1569 Handling and Installation Practice
34、 for Aerospace Hose Assemblies AIR1922 Aerospace - System Integration Factors That Affect Hydraulic Pump Life AIR4057 Secondary Filters for Fluid System Reliability AIR4092 Investigation of PTFE “Melt“ Phenomenon for High Pressure HosesAIR4150 Inspection of Inservice Airborne Accumulators for Corros
35、ion and Damage AIR4543 Aerospace Hydraulics and Actuation Lessons Learned AIR5005 Aerospace - Commercial Aircraft Hydraulic Systems SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4752B Page 6 of 58 ARP490 Electrohydraulic Servovalves ARP584 Coiled Tubing - Corrosion Resistant Steel, Hydraulic Applications, Aerospace ARP603 I
36、mpulse Testing of Hydraulic Hose, Tubing, and Fitting Assemblies ARP994 Recommended Practice for the Design of Tubing Installations for Aerospace Fluid Power SystemsARP1280 Aerospace - Application Guide for Hydraulic Power Transfer Units ARP1281 Actuators: Aircraft Flight Controls, Power Operated, H
37、ydraulic, General Specification For ARP1288 Placarding of Aircraft Hydraulic Equipment to Identify Phosphate Ester Fluid Compatibility ARP1383 Aerospace - Impulse Testing of Hydraulic Components ARP1870 Aerospace Systems Electrical Bonding and Grounding for Electromagnetic Compatibility and Safety A
38、RP1897 Clamp Selection and Installation Guide ARP4146 Coiled Tubing - Titanium Alloy, Hydraulic Applications, Aerospace ARP4378 Aerospace - Accumulator, Hydraulic, Welded Bellows, Factory Precharged ARP4379 Aerospace - Accumulator, Hydraulic, Cylindrical, Piston Separated ARP4386 Terminology and Def
39、initions for Aerospace Fluid Power, Actuation and Control Technologies ARP4553 Aerospace - Accumulator, Hydraulic, Self-Displacing ARP4754 Guidelines for Development of Civil Aircraft and Systems ARP4761 Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems an
40、d EquipmentARP5376 Methods, Locations and Criteria for System Sampling and Measuring the Solid Particle Contamination of Hydraulic FluidsAS595 Aerospace - Civil Type Variable Delivery, Pressure Compensated, Hydraulic Pump AS604 Hose Assembly, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Metallic Reinforced, 3000 psi, 4
41、00 F, Heavyweight, Hydraulic AS620 Hose Assemblies, Convoluted Polytetrafluoroethylene Metallic Reinforced, High Temperature, Medium Pressure, Aircraft AS1055 Fire Testing of Flexible Hose, Tube Assemblies, Coils, Fittings, and Similar System Components AS1227 Hose Assembly, Convoluted Polytetrafluo
42、roethylene, Metallic Reinforced, Low Pressure, Up to 400 F, AircraftAS1241 Fire Resistant Phosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluid for Aircraft AS1290 Graphic Symbols for Aircraft Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems AS1300 Port - Ring Locked Fluid Connection Type, Standard Dimensions for AS1339 Hose Assembly, Po
43、lytetrafluoroethylene, Metallic Reinforced, 3000 psi, 400 F, Lightweight, Hydraulic and Pneumatic SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4752B Page 7 of 58 AS1709 Coupling Assembly, Hydraulic Self Sealing, Quick Disconnect AS1896 Coupling Assembly, Self-Sealing, One Side Only, Hydraulic AS3121 Plug, Expansion - Alumi
44、num, 2024-T4 and 2024-T351, Long; Std and .010 Oversize Diameters (UNS A92024)AS3122 Pin, Expansion - Aluminum, 2024-T4 and 2024-T351, Long (UNS A92024) AS3123 Plug. Expansion - Aluminum, 2024-T4 and 2024-T351, Short; Std and .010 Oversize Diameters, UNS A92024AS3124 Pin, Expansion - Aluminum, 2024-
45、T4 and 2024-T351, Short, UNS A92024 AS3125 Plug, Expansion - CRES, 416 or 416SE, Long; Std and .010 Oversize Diameters, UNS S41600/UNS S41623AS3126 Pin, Expansion - CRES, 416 or 416SE, Long, UNS S41600/UNS S41623 AS3127 Plug, Expansion - CRES, 416 or 416SE, Short; Std and .010 Oversize Diameters, UN
46、S S41600/UNS S41623AS3128 Pin, Expansion - CRES, 416 or 416SE, Short, UNS S41600/UNS S41623 AS3129 Plug, Expansion - CRES, 303, Long; Std and .010 Oversize Diameters, UNS S30300 AS3130 Pin, Expansion - CRES, 303, Long, UNS S30300 AS3131 Plug, Expansion - CRES, 303, Short; Std and .010 Oversize Diame
47、ters, UNS S30300 AS3132 Pin, Expansion - CRES, 303, Short, UNS S30300 AS4059 Aerospace Fluid Power - Cleanliness Classification for Hydraulic Fluids AS4098 Hose Assembly, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Heavy Duty, Metallic Reinforced, 400 F, 5000 psi Hydraulic and Pneumatic AS4396 Fitting End, Bulkhead, F
48、lared, Tube Connection, Design Standard AS4941 Aerospace - General Requirements for Commercial Aircraft Hydraulic Components AS5169 Fitting, Port Plug and Bleeder AS5202 Port or Fitting End, Internal Straight Thread, Design Standard AS5550 Fitting Assembly, Ring Locked, Adapter, Flareless to Port, E
49、xtra Fine Threads, 5080 psi AS5586 Aerospace - General Requirements for Hydraulic System Reservoirs AS5951 Hose Assembly, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Para-Aramid Reinforced, 5080 psi (35,000 kPa), 275 F (135 C), Aircraft Hydraulic Systems AS5958 Fittings, Axially Swaged Tube with Flareless Separable, Fluid System for Operating Pressures up to and Including 5080 psi (35 000 kPa), Specification for AS5960 Hose Assembly, Polytetrafluoroethylene
