1、AEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP5454 REV. BIssued 2003-11Revised 2014-10Superseding ARP5454AMulti-Pass Method for Evaluating Filtration Performanceof Fine Lube Filter Elements Utilized in Aerospace Powerand Propulsion Lubrication SystemsRATIONALEThe document is being revised as follows: (1) Notation
2、 included that the ISO 4402 reference in 2.3 has been withdrawn.(2) Para. 5.3.3 specifies a new level of cleanliness, more stringent than the original cleanliness level. (3) In Table 1, filter element rating changed from 1000 to 200 for reliable accuracy of filter element rating. (4) Para. 6.3.3 now
3、 includes the instruction to clean the fluid as it is more appropriate to have this instruction be a part of this step, as opposed to being a part of 6.3.2. (5) Para. 6.3.5 now includes the instruction to bypass the clean-up filter element. (6) Validation counts in Table 2 updated based upon the res
4、ults of the ISO Fine Test Dust (ISO FTD) Particle Count Mini-Round Robin conductedby ISO, which is more representative of recent lots of ISO FTD. (7) Volume in 6.4.3.2 changed from 500 mL to 100 mL as the larger volume is not necessary given the high gravimetric levels. (8) New 6.4.3.3 inserted whic
5、h requires a gravimetric analysis be performed on the injection fluid sample collected in 6.4.3.2, prior to performing the multi-pass test, in order to confirm the concentration of the contaminant injection system prior to performing the test. (9) Adjusted the numbering of the paragraphs in 6.4.3 ac
6、cordingly. (10) Changed the volume in the newly numbered 6.4.3.10 from 500 mL to 100 mL as the larger volume is not necessary given the high gravimetric levels. (11) Included a notation after 6.5.1.5 discussing the necessity of deleting upstream and downstream counts prior to count stabilization. (1
7、2) Editorial changes for clarity.1. SCOPEThis SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes the multi-pass method for evaluating the filtration performance of fine lube filter elements, commonly utilized in aerospace power and propulsion lubrication systems: gas turbine engines, auxiliary power
8、 units (APUs), helicopter transmissions, constant speed drives (CSDs), and integrated drive generators (IDGs).1.1 IntroductionVariation in filter element testing methods and requirements make comparison of results difficult. In order to minimize these problems, this document describes standard filtr
9、ation ratings and test procedures. Both manufacturer and customer will have a common means to specify, control, and evaluate filter elements._SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this
10、 report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilize
11、d, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2014 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwi
12、se, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, pl
13、ease visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP5454BSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5454B Page 2 of 151.2 Filter Element Performance Ratings1.2.1 Filter Element EfficiencyFilter element efficiency is the ability of a filter element to remove (and retain) contaminant particles from the fluid stream. This pr
14、ocedure determines the particle removal efficiency of the filter element as a function of particle size. The particle removal efficiencies for the various particle size ranges are expressed as filtration ratios, termed Beta Ratios. The filtration ratio at a specified particle size x, designated Ex,
15、is the ratio of the number of particles larger than the specified size entering the filter element, Ux, to the number of particles larger than the same size leaving the filter element, Dx:Filtration Ratio at particle size x = Ex = Ux/Dx (Eq. 1)The techniques specified in this document allow measurem
16、ent of filtration ratios up to 1000 (99.9% particle removal efficiency) for the particle size range 4 m(c) to 25 m(c), as defined in ISO 11171.1.2.2 Multi-Pass Filter Element Dirt CapacityThe multi-pass filter element dirt capacity is the mass of test contaminant introduced into the filter element t
17、est system during the filtration efficiency test to produce the prescribed terminal filter element differential pressure. This value should be used only for comparing filter elements having similar filtration efficienciesIt should be noted that the most commonly specified dirt capacity for lube filt
18、er elements utilized in aerospace lubrication systems is the MIL-F-8815 dirt capacity, MIL-F-8815 (4.7.2.6). In this dirt capacity test, contaminant is added in discrete increments, slugs, each increment consisting of a constant, predetermined mass of test contaminant, immediately upstream of the te
19、st filter, via a slug addition valve, at fixed intervals (usually every 4 minutes) during the test. The filter element differential pressure is recorded 2 minutes after each contaminant slug addition. The total mass of contaminant added to achieve the prescribed terminal filter element differential
20、pressure is reported as the dirt capacity.Due to the extensive experience with the MIL-F-8815 dirt capacity test, and the extensive amount of dirt capacity test data that has been generated with this test, the continued use of the test is recommended for aerospace lubricant filter elements. However,
21、 recently, several filter element specifications for helicopter transmission lubrication systems, APU lubrication systems, as well as other aerospace lubrication systems, have specified the multi-pass dirt capacity. In such cases the multi-pass dirt capacity, defined above, should be determined as d
22、escribed in this document. Due to the differences in the two dirt capacity tests, the dirt capacities determined from the two tests will be different.1.3 Test Contaminant and Particle Counter CalibrationHistorically, AC Fine Test Dust was the test contaminant specified for the multi-pass filter perf
23、ormance test, and the calibration of automatic particle counters was in accordance with ISO 4402. Replacement test dusts for the AC Test Dusts, no longer available, have been specified by ISO (ISO 12103-1). The corresponding ISO Test Dust for AC Fine Test Dust is ISO Fine Test Dust (designated ISO 1
24、2103-A2).In addition, ISO has also specified a calibration procedure ISO 11171 for automatic particle counters to replace the ISO 4402 (1991) calibration procedure which utilized AC Fine Test Dust. The ISO 11171 procedure uses ISO Medium TestDust, designated ISO 12103-A3, instead of AC Fine Test Dus
25、t. The definition of particle sizes per the ISO 11171 calibration procedure differs very significantly from the particle sizes defined in ISO 4402. In order to distinguish the particle sizes defined in ISO 11171, they are designated as m(c) or micrometer(c), the (c) indicating NIST certified sizes.B
26、oth the change in test contaminant, from AC Fine Test Dust to ISO Fine Test Dust (ISO 12103-A2), and the change in automatic particle counter calibration, from ISO 4402 to ISO 11171, have been incorporated in this document.The change in test contaminant and the particle counter calibration procedure
27、 will lead to multi-pass filter performance test results that are significantly different from test results obtained previously with AC Fine Test Dust and ISO 4402 calibration.It is necessary for users to take this into account when comparing historic filter element efficiency and dirt capacity test
28、 data with data generated per the present procedure, and when comparing filter element efficiency and dirt capacity results from the current procedure to historic specification requirements for filter element efficiency and dirt capacity. AIR5455 discusses the impact of the change in test dusts and
29、automatic particle counter calibration on laboratory filter performance and filter ratings.SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5454B Page 3 of 151.4 Filter Element ConditioningFilter element performance ratings can be adversely affected by harsh operating environments. Filter elements should, therefore, be subject
30、ed to procedures simulating these harsh operating conditions prior to performance testing.Conditioning is the term covering these procedures. This document does not cover conditioning requirements. They should be determined by the user and reported by the testing agency. AIR1666 discusses recommende
31、d filter element conditioning methods for gas turbine engine lubrication filter elements. The methods discussed in AIR1666 can also be applied to filter elements utilized in other aerospace lubrication systems.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTSThe following publications form a part of this document to the exte
32、nt specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In theevent of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes pre
33、cedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.2.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-77604970 (out
34、side USA), www.sae.org.ARP24 Determination of Hydraulic Pressure DropARP785 Aerospace - Procedure for the Determination of Particulate Contamination in Hydraulic Fluids bythe Control Filter Gravimetric ProcedureAIR1666 Performance Testing of Lubricant Filter Elements Utilized in Aircraft Power and P
35、ropulsion Lubrication SystemsARP1827 Measuring Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Fine Fuel Filter Element PerformanceAIR5455 Impact of Changes in Test Dust Contaminants and Particle Counter Calibration on Laboratory Filter Element Performance and Fluid Cleanliness Classes2.2 Military SpecificationsAvailab
36、le from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6396, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/.MIL-PRF-23699 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Synthetic BaseMIL-PRF-81836 Filter and Disposable Element, Fluid Pressure, Hydraulic, 3 Micron AbsoluteM
37、IL-F-8815 Filter and Filter Elements, Fluid Pressure, Hydraulic Line, 15 Micron Absolute and 5 Micron Absolute, Type II Systems General Specification forSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5454B Page 4 of 152.3 ISO PublicationsAvailable from International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat,
38、1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 749 01 11, www.iso.org.ISO 4021 Hydraulic fluid power - Particulate contamination analysis - Extraction of fluid samples from lines of an operating systemISO 44021Hydraulic fluid power - Calibration of automatic-count Instr
39、uments for particles suspended inliquids - Method using classified AC Fine Test Dust contaminantISO 11171 Hydraulic fluid power - Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquidsISO 11943 Hydraulic fluid power - On-line automatic particle-counting systems for liquids - Methods of calibration a
40、nd validationISO 12103-1 Road vehicles - Test dust for filter evaluation - Part I: Arizona test dustISO 16889 Hydraulic fluid power filters - Multi-pass method for evaluating filtration performance of a filter element1ISO 4402 has been withdrawn as of 12/9/1999.2.4 NIST PublicationsAvailable from NI
41、ST, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, Tel: 301-975-6478, www.nist.gov.NIST SRM 2806 National Institute of Standards and Technology - Standard Reference Material 2806 - Medium Test Dust (MTD) in Hydraulic Fluid, (1997)3. GLOSSARY OF TERMSE = the filtration ratio obtained using
42、 ISO Fine Test Dust (ISO 12103-A2) under multi-pass test conditionsQ1 = the required flow rate (liters/minute) through the filter elementQ2 = the required rate (liters/minute) of injection flow from the contaminant injection system to the filter element test systemQ2A = the calculated average rate o
43、f injection flow from the contaminant injection system to the filter element test systemG1 = the required base upstream gravimetric level (milligrams/liter) of contaminant in the filter element test systemG1A = the actual, average base upstream gravimetric level (milligrams/liter) of contaminant in
44、the filter element test systemG2 = the required gravimetric level (milligrams/liter) of contaminant in the contaminant injection system fluidG2A = the calculated average gravimetric level (milligrams/liter) of contaminant in the contaminant injection system fluidUx = the total number of particles pe
45、r unit volume greater than a given particle size x upstream of the filter elementDx = the total number of particles per unit volume greater than a given particle size x downstream of the filter elementW = the predicted test time (minutes) of the testSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5454B Page 5 of 15WA = the ac
46、tual, recorded test timeWt = the timer value at the end of the testV1 = the filter element test system fluid volume (liters)V2 = the contaminant injection system fluid volume (liters)V2F = the contaminant injection system fluid volume (liters) at the conclusion of the testV2M = the unusable fluid vo
47、lume (liters) in the contaminant injection systemW1 = the estimated mass (grams) of contaminant required for the test filter element to reach the terminal filter element differential pressureW2 = the required amount of contaminant (grams) to be added to the contaminant injection system to achieve th
48、e desired base upstream gravimetric level (G1) in the filter element test systemW3 = the required amount of contaminant (grams) to be added to the filter element test system to achieve the target base upstream gravimetric level required to validate the filter element test systemx = contaminant parti
49、cle size Pm(c) per ISO 11171 calibration4. CONVERSIONS(Liters per minute) = 3.785 u (U.S. Gallons per minute)(milligrams per liter) = 0.2642 x (milligrams per U.S. gallon)5. TEST SET-UP AND HARDWAREA schematic diagram of the multi-pass test system is shown in Figure 1.5.1 General Considerations5.1.1 Vessels, conduits, reservoirs and fittings shall be selected with smooth contours, no pockets, and shall be properly
