1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org ARP5485 REV. A AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Issued 2004-07 Revised 2007-07 Superseding ARP5485 Endurance Time Tests for Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids SAE Type II, III, and IV RATIONALE This document has been r
5、evised to include indoor laboratory snow testing methods. FOREWORD Aircraft deicing/anti-icing fluids certified under AMS 1428 (Types II, III, and IV fluids) must be tested for endurance time as described in this Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP). Endurance time can be defined as the time that a
6、fluid can endure controlled and defined temperature and precipitation conditions before failure. These temperature and precipitation conditions were developed taking into consideration meteorological data. The endurance time data are presented to the SAE G-12 Holdover Time Subcommittee for examinati
7、on and validation. If of acceptable quality, these data are used to update holdover time guidelines for the appropriate fluid type, taking into consideration the effects of natural variability of precipitation both in time and space. Holdover time guidelines are published in documents issued by regu
8、latory bodies such as the US Federal Aviation Administration 8000 Series Notices and Transport Canada Holdover Time (HOT) Guidelines. Additional testing on the fluid may be required by the FAA or Transport Canada for inclusion in their guidelines This ARP provides peer reviewed written documentation
9、 for laboratory endurance time testing for freezing fog, freezing drizzle, light freezing rain, snow and rain on a cold-soaked wing. Frost holdover times are currently based on the high humidity endurance test described in AS5901. A new frost test is being developed and will be included in future ve
10、rsions of ARP5485. In the past, snow tests were conducted outdoors, predominantly in Canada. This presented the obvious problem of awaiting for suitable weather conditions. Additionally, relying on outside weather conditions, forces holdover time to be reviewed and issued after the northern hemisphe
11、re winter (deicing season). This version of the ARP includes two indoor laboratory snow procedures in addition to the outdoor snow procedure. Either of the three methods can be used to produce endurance time data for review by the SAE G-12 Holdover Time Subcommittee. Copyright SAE International Prov
12、ided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5485 Revision A - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 6 1.1 Purpose. 6 1.2 Examination of Endurance Time Data 6 1.3 Limits. 6 1.4 Testing Agent(s) 6 1.4.1 Independence of the Testin
13、g Agents 6 1.4.2 Role of the Testing Agent . 6 1.4.3 Sending Samples 6 1.5 Test Facility/Site 6 1.5.1 Independence of the Test Facility/Site 6 1.5.2 Role of the Test Facility/Site . 6 1.6 Units 6 1.7 Safety 7 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 7 2.1 SAE Publications. 7 2.2 ASTM Publications 7 2.3 ISO Publicati
14、ons 7 2.4 Transport Canada Publications 8 2.5 Other Documents 8 3. SAE TYPE II, III, AND IV FLUID SAMPLES ELIGIBLE FOR ENDURANCE TIME TESTING. 8 3.1 Requirements 8 3.1.1 Normal Batch and Viscosity Reduction. 8 3.1.2 Water Spray Endurance Time (WSET). 8 3.1.3 Viscosity 8 3.1.4 Fluid Manufacturers Doc
15、umentation 8 3.2 Testing Agent Duties. 8 3.2.1 Run and Report WSET . 8 3.2.2 Run and Report Viscosity . 9 3.2.3 Check Certificates of Conformance 9 3.2.4 Check WSET. 9 3.2.5 Check Viscosity. 9 3.3 Authorization to Proceed with Endurance Time Testing. 9 3.3.1 Manufacturers Authorization to Proceed 9
16、3.3.2 Final Check . 9 3.4 Condition of the Sample to be Tested for Endurance Time 9 3.5 Recertification . 9 3.6 Viscosity Measurements . 10 4. ENDURANCE TIME TEST - GENERAL. 10 4.1 Purpose. 10 4.2 Summary of the Tests. 10 4.3 General Versus Specific Requirements 10 4.4 Test Facility/Site Documentati
17、on 10 4.5 General Environmental Chamber Equipment. 10 4.5.1 Air Temperature Sensor 10 4.5.2 Lighting 10 4.5.3 Data Acquisition System . 10 4.5.4 Temperature Control Equipment. 11 4.5.5 Air Distribution System 11 4.5.6 Water Supply for Nozzles . 11 4.6 Calibration and Measurement Methods 11 4.6.1 Cal
18、ibration of Standard Measuring Devices . 11 4.6.2 Icing Intensity Measurement Methods 11 4.6.3 Measurements Methods for Icing Intensity Variability Across Test Plates. 12 4.6.4 Horizontal Air Velocity Measurement 12 4.6.5 Water Droplet Size Measurement. 12 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS
19、 under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5485 Revision A - 3 - 4.7 General Test Procedures 13 4.7.1 Test Plate Cleanliness 13 4.7.2 Appearance of Frozen Contamination 13 4.7.3 Delayed Crystallization . 14 4.7.4 Report . 14 5. EN
20、DURANCE TIME TEST - FROST 14 6. ENDURANCE TIME TEST - FREEZING FOG . 15 6.1 Freezing Fog Test Equipment and Test Parameters 15 6.1.1 Environmental Chamber Equipment and Plates. 15 6.1.2 Test Plates 15 6.1.3 Spray Equipment. 16 6.1.4 Example of Spray Equipment . 16 6.2 Freezing Fog Measurement Method
21、s. 16 6.2.1 Icing Intensity Measurement Methods 16 6.2.2 Icing Intensity Variability Measurement Methods . 21 6.3 Freezing Fog Test Conditions. 21 6.4 Freezing Fog Test Procedure . 22 6.4.1 Test Plate Cleanliness 22 6.4.2 Temperature Verification. 22 6.4.3 Failure Time 22 6.4.4 Icing Intensity 22 6.
22、4.5 Delayed Crystallization . 22 6.4.6 Failure Criterion. 23 6.4.7 Reproducibility/Precision. 23 6.4.8 Report . 23 7. ENDURANCE TIME TEST - FREEZING DRIZZLE 23 7.1 Freezing Drizzle Test Equipment and Test Parameters.23 7.1.1 Environmental Chamber Equipment and Plates. 23 7.1.2 Test Plates 24 7.1.3 I
23、ce-catch Pans 24 7.1.4 Spray Equipment. 25 7.1.5 Example of Spray Equipment . 25 7.2 Freezing Drizzle Measurement Methods 26 7.2.1 Measurement Methods for Icing Intensity. 26 7.2.2 Measurement Methods for Icing Intensity Variability Across Test Plates. 26 7.3 Freezing Drizzle Test Conditions 26 7.4
24、Freezing Drizzle Test Procedure 27 7.4.1 Test Plate Cleanliness 27 7.4.2 Temperature Verification. 27 7.4.3 Failure Time 27 7.4.4 Icing Intensity 27 7.4.5 Delayed Crystallization . 27 7.4.6 Failure Criterion. 27 7.4.7 Reproducibility/Precision. 27 7.4.8 Report . 27 8. ENDURANCE TIME TEST - LIGHT FRE
25、EZING RAIN. 27 8.1 Light Freezing Rain Test Equipment and Test Parameters 27 8.1.1 Environmental Chamber Equipment and Plates. 27 8.1.2 Test Plates 28 8.1.3 Ice-catch Pans 28 8.1.4 Spray Equipment. 29 8.1.5 Example of Spray Equipment . 29 8.2 Light Freezing Rain Measurement Methods. 29 8.2.1 Measure
26、ment Methods for Icing Intensity. 29 8.2.2 Measurement Methods for Icing Intensity Variability Across Test Plates. 29 8.3 Light Freezing Rain Test Conditions. 29 8.4 Light Freezing Rain Test Procedure . 30 8.4.1 Test Plate Cleanliness 30 8.4.2 Temperature Verification. 30 Copyright SAE International
27、 Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5485 Revision A - 4 - 8.4.3 Failure Time 30 8.4.4 Icing Intensity 30 8.4.5 Delayed Crystallization . 30 8.4.6 Failure Criterion. 30 8.4.7 Reproducibility/Precision. 30 8.4
28、.8 Report . 30 9. ENDURANCE TIME TEST - RAIN ON COLD SOAKED WING. 30 9.1 Rain on a Cold-Soaked Wing Test Equipment and Test Parameters 30 9.1.1 Environmental Chamber Equipment and Plates. 30 9.1.2 Test Plates 31 9.1.3 Cold Soak Box 31 9.1.4 Spray Equipment. 33 9.1.5 Example of Spray Equipment . 33 9
29、.2 Measurement Methods for Rain on a Cold-Soaked Wing 33 9.2.1 Measurement Methods for Icing Intensity. 33 9.2.2 Measurement Method for Icing Intensity Variability Across Test Plates. 33 9.3 Rain on a Cold-Soaked Wing Test Conditions . 33 9.4 Rain on Cold Soaked Wing Test Procedure. 34 9.4.1 Test Pl
30、ate Cleanliness 34 9.4.2 Temperature Verification. 34 9.4.3 Failure Time 34 9.4.4 Icing Intensity 34 9.4.5 Delayed Crystallization . 34 9.4.6 Failure Criterion. 34 9.4.7 Reproducibility/Precision. 34 9.4.8 Report . 34 10. ENDURANCE TIME TEST - INDOOR LABORATORY SNOW 34 10.1 Inside Snow Test Equipmen
31、t and Test Parameters . 34 10.1.1 Environmental Chamber Equipment and Plates. 34 10.1.2 Test Plates and Test Stand. 35 10.1.3 Test Plate Temperature 36 10.1.4 Snow Sources. 37 10.1.5 Snow Distribution System . 37 10.1.6 Example 1: Snow Making, Storage and Distribution System . 37 10.1.7 Example 2: S
32、imultaneous Artificial Snow Making and Fluid Testing System. 40 10.1.8 Temperatures 41 10.1.9 Balance . 41 10.2 Snow Measurement Methods . 41 10.2.1 Snow Particle Density (with Example 1) . 41 10.2.2 Snow Density on the Plate (with Example 2) 42 10.2.3 Snow Intensity Measurement Method 42 10.2.4 Sno
33、w Intensity Standard Deviation. 42 10.2.5 Snow Intensity Variability Across Test Plates. 42 10.3 Snow Test Conditions . 42 10.3.1 Testing for the Above 0 C Condition . 42 10.4 Snow Test Procedure . 42 10.4.1 Test Plate Cleanliness 42 10.4.2 Temperature Verification. 42 10.4.3 Failure Time 42 10.4.4
34、Icing Intensity 42 10.4.5 Failure Criterion. 43 10.4.6 Reproducibility/Precision. 44 10.4.7 Report . 44 11. ENDURANCE TIME TEST - SNOW TESTS PERFORMED OUTSIDE. 44 11.1 Snow Test Equipment and Test Parameters 44 11.1.1 Conditions and Equipment 44 11.1.2 Outside Air Temperature Measurements 44 11.1.3
35、Lighting 44 11.1.4 Wind Speed. 45 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5485 Revision A - 5 - 11.1.5 Calibration of Standard Measuring Devices . 45 11.1.6 Test Plates and Test Stand.
36、 45 11.1.7 Markings 45 11.1.8 Stand. 46 11.1.9 Ice-Catch Pan for Precipitation Rate Measurement . 46 11.2 Snow Measurement Methods . 47 11.2.1 Measurement Method for Snow Intensity . 47 11.2.2 Rate Calculation 47 11.3 Snow Test Temperature . 48 11.4 Snow Test Procedure . 48 11.4.1 Test Plate Cleanli
37、ness 48 11.4.2 Fluid Application 48 11.4.3 Failure Time 48 11.4.4 Failure Criterion. 48 11.4.5 Reproducibility/Precision. 49 11.4.6 Type and Classification of Solid Precipitation. 49 11.4.7 Report . 49 12. NOTES 51 FIGURE 1 EXAMPLE OF SPRAY NOZZLE FOR FREEZING FOG 17 FIGURE 2 ARRANGEMENT OF ICE-CATC
38、H PLATES AND REFERENCE ICE-CATCH PLATES. 19 FIGURE 3 ICE-CATCH PANS 25 FIGURE 4 EXAMPLE OF A HYDRAULIC NOZZLE FOR FREEZING DRIZZLE 26 FIGURE 5 COLD SOAK BOX. 32 FIGURE 6 EXAMPLES OF TEST PLATE SUPPORT WITH CATCH PAN AND BALANCE. 36 FIGURE 7 SNOW BOX DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 38 FIGURE 8 CROSS-SECTION OF S
39、NOW BOX . 39 FIGURE 9 SIDE VIEWS AND CROSS SECTION OF ACETAL CYLINDER WITH 6 ROWS OF 24 CAVITIES WHICH TRANSFER SNOW FROM THE BOX TO THE TEST PLATE. 39 FIGURE 10 EXAMPLE OF A SIMULTANEOUS ARTIFICIAL SNOW MACHINE AND FLUID TESTING SYSTEM. 40 FIGURE 11 TEST STAND AND PLATE. 45 FIGURE 12 EXAMPLE OF SCH
40、EMATIC OF ICE-CATCH PAN 46 FIGURE 13 CALCULATION OF OUTDOOR PRECIPITATION RATE 47 FIGURE 14 TYPES OF FROZEN PRECIPITATION 50 TABLE 1 EXAMPLES OF WATER DROPLET SIZE MEASURING METHODS . 13 TABLE 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR FREEZING FOG TEST EQUIPMENT . 15 TABLE 3 FREEZING FOG TEST CONDITIONS . 22 TABLE 4 REQUI
41、REMENTS FOR FREEZING DRIZZLE TEST EQUIPMENT 24 TABLE 5 FREEZING DRIZZLE TEST CONDITIONS 25 TABLE 6 REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHT FREEZING RAIN TEST EQUIPMENT. 28 TABLE 7 LIGHT FREEZING RAIN TEST CONDITIONS. 29 TABLE 8 REQUIREMENTS FOR RAIN ON COLD SOAKED WING TEST EQUIPMENT . 31 TABLE 9 RAIN ON COLD SOAKED
42、 WING TEST CONDITIONS . 33 TABLE 10 REQUIREMENTS FOR INDOOR SNOW TEST EQUIPMENT 35 TABLE 11 SNOW TEST CONDITIONS. 43 TABLE 12 REQUIREMENTS FOR SNOW OUTSIDE TEST EQUIPMENT 44 TABLE 13 SNOW TEST CONDITIONS. 48 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduct
43、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5485 Revision A - 6 - 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide the sample selection and endurance time test procedures, for SAE Type II, III, and IV aircraft deicing/anti-icing flui
44、ds, required for the generation of endurance time data of acceptable quality for review by the SAE G-12 Holdover Time Subcommittee. 1.2 Examination of Endurance Time Data Periodically, the SAE G-12 Holdover Time Subcommittee examines endurance time test data of SAE Type II, III, and IV aircraft deic
45、ing/anti-icing fluids and validates, based on the endurance time data, if such fluids can be used in conjunction with SAE Type II, III, or IV fluid holdover time guidelines. As the SAE G-12 Holdover Time Subcommittee examines endurance time data, it will take into consideration the effects of natura
46、l variability of precipitation both in time and space to generate or adjust holdover time guidelines. 1.3 Limits This ARP provides laboratory simulation of freezing fog, freezing drizzle, light freezing rain, snow and rain on cold soaked wing. Other forms of freezing/frozen precipitation are not add
47、ressed in this ARP. 1.4 Testing Agent(s) 1.4.1 Independence of the Testing Agents A testing agent shall be independent of the fluid manufacturer and fluid vendor. 1.4.2 Role of the Testing Agent The testing agent shall coordinate activities related to the sample selection procedures (see Section 3).
48、 1.4.3 Sending Samples Fluid samples for testing shall be sent to a testing agent for verification under the sample selection procedures. In turn the testing agent, if the requirements of the applicable sample selection procedure are fulfilled, shall send the samples to the facility/site for enduran
49、ce time testing. 1.5 Test Facility/Site 1.5.1 Independence of the Test Facility/Site The test facility/site shall be independent of the fluid manufacturer and fluid vendor. 1.5.2 Role of the Test Facility/Site The test facility/site shall be responsible for performing the endurance time tests (see Se
