1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP5910A AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ARP5910 REV. A Issued 2002-12 Revised 201
5、2-11Reaffirmed 2016-09 Superseding ARP5910 Ramp Markings RATIONALE ARP5910A has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 2 1.1 Purpose . 2 1.2 Field of Application 2 2. REFERENCES 2 2.1 Applicable Documents 2 2.2 Definitions . 3 3. GENERAL FEATURES .
6、 4 3.1 Type of Markings . 4 3.2 Colors 4 3.3 Dimensions . 4 3.4 Signs . 5 4. REQUIREMENTS . 6 4.1 Service Roads . 6 4.2 ERA Markings . 6 4.3 Vehicle and GSE Parking . 8 5. GENERAL LAYOUT 8 6. OPERATIONAL RULES . 9 7. NOTES 12 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5910A Page 2 of 12 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Recomm
7、ended Practice (ARP) outlines recommended ramp pavement marking standards for proper guidance and positioning of GSE on commercial transport aircraft parking and handling stands (gates), in line with International Civil Aviation (ICAO) recommendations applicable to airport aprons. Throughout this do
8、cument, the minimum essential criteria are identified by use of the key word “shall“. Recommended criteria are identified by use of the key word “should“ and, while not mandatory, are considered to be of primary importance in providing safety effective ramp markings. Deviation from recommended crite
9、ria should only occur after careful consideration and thorough service evaluation have shown alternate methods to provide an equivalent level of safety. 1.1 Purpose Experience has demonstrated that ramp safety, both as to prevention of GSE accidents and injury to ramp workers and as to prevention of
10、 accidental damage to aircraft, closely depends on GSE operators adherence to safe driving and positioning practices, which in turn are greatly enhanced by the existence of recognized standard ramp markings in order to permanently materialize the variety of driving rules to be met. The purpose of th
11、is Aerospace Recommended Practice is to accordingly provide airlines and airport operators with: - the definition of standardized ramp markings, - the corresponding driving and operating rules, to be taught in ramp staff training. 1.2 Field of Application This document is intended to apply to the ra
12、mp areas of all nose-in aircraft parking stands (gates) used for servicing commercial transport aircraft, and adjacent service roads and GSE or vehicles parking areas where applicable. It defines the (white or red) ramp pavement markings intended for guidance of GSE and vehicles around the aircraft
13、or in the adjacent areas. It is not applicable to any (normally yellow) markings required for guidance and positioning of aircraft moving under their own power or under tow. It is not applicable to aircraft stands (gates) in the self-maneuvering mode. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The follo
14、wing publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and r
15、eferences cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5910A Page 3 of 12 2.1.1 ACI Publications Available from Airports Council Internationa
16、l, P.O.Box 16, CH 1215 Geneva 15 Airport, Switzerland. Apron Markings and Signs Handbook 2.1.2 IATA Publications Available from International Air Transport Association, Publications Assistant, 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal, Quebec H4Z 1M1, Canada, Tel: 1-514-874-0202, www.iata.org. Airp
17、ort Handling Manual AHM 632, Recommendations for apron markings and signs Airport Development Reference Manual, Section L5: Service roads & storage areas 2.1.3 ICAO Publications Available from ICAO, Document Sales Unit, 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7 Canada, Tel: +1-514-954-8022, ww
18、w.icao.int. ICAO Annex 14 to the Convention on international civil aviation, Aerodromes, Volume I ICAO Doc 9157, Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 4, Visual aids 2.1.4 A4A (former ATA) Publications Available from 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20004. Tel: +1-202-626-4062, www.ai
19、rlines.org. SG 908: Recommended Apron Markings and Identifications 2.2 Definitions EQUIPMENT RESTRAINT AREA (ERA): An area, extending at least 7.5 m (25 ft) away from any point of the largest aircraft type allowable at the gate, bordered by a marked safety line, where any vehicle or piece of GSE sha
20、ll come to a complete stop prior to approaching the aircraft. Entry of vehicles and GSE into the ERA should be limited to those having a definite requirement for connecting to the aircraft being serviced. NO PARKING AREA: An area, marked by stripes hatching on the ground, where for a safety reason (
21、not an administrative one) no stopping or parking of a vehicle or piece of GSE is allowable at any time. Examples include: fuel hydrant pit areas, apron drive passenger loading bridge deployment area, Fire Department access, others. PARKING AREA: An area, preferably with marked individual locations
22、for identified vehicles and GSE, assigned to vehicle and GSE parking when not in use on the aircraft. PEDESTRIAN CROSSING: An area marked for pedestrians to safely cross a ramp service road. PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY: A path marked for pedestrians (staff or passengers) to safely walk through a ramp area in
23、 order to access e.g. aircraft passenger stairs from the terminal building or a bus stop. STAND (GATE) SAFETY LINE: The (red) line defining the limits of the EQUIPMENT RESTRAINT AREA. TAXIWAY SAFETY LINE (also known as “apron safety border line“): The line (usually behind the aircrafts tail) separat
24、ing a ramp area, usable by vehicles and GSE for the purpose of servicing parked aircraft, from an aircraft movement (taxiway) area, with the safety clearances required as a function of the largest aircraft type allowable on the taxiway concerned. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5910A Page 4 of 12 3. GENERAL FE
25、ATURES Ramp pavement markings covered by this document shall meet the following general requirements: 3.1 Type of Markings 3.1.1 Double continuous lines shall be used wherever crossing the line is not allowable at any time. 3.1.2 Single continuous lines shall be used wherever crossing the line is al
26、lowable only after coming to a complete stop and visually checking the absence of any conflicting aircraft, vehicle or equipment. 3.1.3 Single broken lines shall be used where crossing the line is allowable without stopping, e.g., in order to pass another vehicle, but should not permanently be cross
27、ed when driving. 3.1.4 Single continuous frame filled in with hatching shall be used to indicate areas where no vehicle or GSE stopping or parking are allowable. All hatching lines should be at 45 degrees in reference to the aircraft parking position and spaced 0.5 m (20 in) apart from each other. S
28、ee 3.2.2(b) for applicable color in the event of specifically safety related (e.g., fuel hydrant pits) areas. 3.2 Colors 3.2.1 Except as noted in 3.2.2 hereafter, all ramp pavement markings intended for other than aircraft shall be white. The paint or other material should be selected to be non-slip
29、pery and be reflective or equivalent in order to provide high visibility in all foreseeable circumstances, including under rain or subdued lighting at night. 3.2.2 As an exception, the following safety related markings shall be red: a. gate safety line (ERA limit): red, lined with white on both side
30、s for higher contrast visibility, b. safety no parking areas (e.g., fuel hydrant pits): red frame, filled in with red hatching. A plain white background is allowable where required for higher contrast visibility. The paint or other material should be of a bright safety red, and selected to be non-sl
31、ippery and reflective or equivalent in order to further enhance visibility. 3.2.3 Under no circumstances shall the color yellow (to be reserved for aircraft guidance markings) be used. 3.3 Dimensions 3.3.1 All marking lines, except traffic STOP lines and pedestrian crossings and walkways, shall be 0
32、.10 m (4 in) wide minimum. An increased 0.15 m (6 in) width is recommended for better visibility, particularly at large (wide body aircraft) gates. Traffic STOP lines provided at intersections shall be 0.20 m (8 in) wide all across lane width. 3.3.2 Spacing between double lines shall be 0.05 m (2 in
33、). Side linings of the red gate safety line (ERA limit) shall be 0.05 to 0.10 m (2 to 4 in). 3.3.3 Broken lines should consist in 1.5 m (5 ft) long segments separated by 0.9 m (3 ft) spaces, or equivalent. 3.3.4 Traffic STOP lines provided at intersections shall be 0.20 m (8 in) wide across the whol
34、e lane concerned. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5910A Page 5 of 12 3.3.5 Pedestrian crossings and walkways shall be marked according to local airport regulations, if any. In the absence thereof, they should meet the following minimum dimensions (see example in Figure 1): width of line: 0.5 m (20 in) length o
35、f line: 2 m (6 ft) gap between lines: 0.5 m (20 in) FIGURE 1 - PEDESTRIAN CROSSING OR WALKWAY 3.4 Signs 3.4.1 Directional markings should be in the form of an arrow painted on service road surface. An arrow may be uni- or multi-directional (see example in Figure 2). FIGURE 2 - TYPICAL DIRECTIONAL SI
36、GNS 3.4.2 Traffic speed limit signs shall be in accordance with local airport regulations. Traffic speed limit markings should be painted on the service road surface in the form of a white circle, with the maximum speed displayed inside the circle (see example in Figure 3). FIGURE 3 - TRAFFIC SPEED
37、LIMIT SIGN SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5910A Page 6 of 12 4. REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Service Roads 4.1.1 Roadway markings shall be provided to identify any ramp spaces assigned as a service road for vehicles and GSE (see example in Figure 4). FIGURE 4 - TYPICAL ROADWAY MARKINGS 4.1.2 Roadway markings should be pa
38、inted white and should consist of single continuous outer lines indicating that crossing with caution (i.e., coming to a full stop and visually checking the absence of any conflicting aircraft, vehicle or equipment) is allowed. 4.1.3 Double continuous white lines should be used to indicate crossing
39、is not allowable in any direction. A double line consisting of a continuous one and a broken one should be used to indicate crossing is allowable with caution in one direction only. 4.1.4 Each lane of a service road should be of a minimum width to accommodate the widest piece of equipment normally i
40、n use at that location. In case of two opposing directions of travel, there should be a center single broken white line to divide traffic. 4.1.5 The corners of roadways should be rounded with consideration given to the turning radius of normally used equipment at that location. 4.2 ERA Markings 4.2.
41、1 The Equipment Restraint Area (ERA) limits (stand/gate safety lines) shall be marked on each aircraft parking stand (gate) by a 0.10 m (4 in) to 0.15 m (6 in) red line, lined with white on both sides 0.05 m (2 in) to 0.10 m (4 in) wide. The red line shall be located 7.5 m (25 ft) away from any poin
42、t in plan view of the most critical aircraft type allowable at the gate concerned (see example in Figure 5). SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5910A Page 7 of 12 FIGURE 5 - SINGLE AIRCRAFT GATE SAFETY LINE (ARROWS = 7.5 m/25 ft) 4.2.2 Where two or more aircraft are parked alongside each other, the ERA limits bet
43、ween them should be omitted in order for the wing tip spacing between adjacent aircraft to meet ICAO and/or FAA minimum spacing requirements (see example in Figure 6). FIGURE 6 - MULTIPLE AIRCRAFT GATE SAFETY LINE 4.2.3 Where a same parking stand (gate) may be used for either one larger or two small
44、er aircraft, or other combination, the ERA limit (stand/gate safety line) shall be determined 7.5 m (25 ft) away from the most critical aircraft or aircraft combination (use the outer envelope of the addition of each aircrafts envelopes) (see example in Figure 7). SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5910A Page 8 o
45、f 12 FIGURE 7 - GATE SAFETY LINE FOR AIRCRAFT COMBINATION IN THE SAME STAND 4.3 Vehicle and GSE Parking 4.3.1 It is recommended that permanently pre-assigned parking locations be defined and marked for ramp vehicles and GSE normally to be used at each aircraft stand (gate). 4.3.2 Parking space shall
46、 never be assigned or marked within the Equipment Restraint Area (ERA) or encroaching on it or a designated service road. 4.3.3 When allocating ramp space available outside of the ERA for vehicle and GSE parking purposes, consideration should be given to: a. giving precedence to GSE to be used on ai
47、rcraft over general purpose vehicles, b. selecting parking space assignment in order to preposition, inasmuch as feasible, GSE so as to reduce its travel to/from its working position on aircraft and make it as direct/straightforward as possible, c. ensuring parked vehicles or GSE will not constitute
48、 an obstacle for any other piece of GSE which may be required at the aircraft stand (gate) concerned or an adjacent one, and d. particularly, ensuring that at all times a clear escape path away from the aircraft is maintained for any aircraft fueling trucks or hydrant servicers, and an identified cl
49、ear incoming path is maintained for Fire Department vehicles should their intervention become necessary. 4.3.4 Allocated parking positions should be marked by rectangular continuous line frames of appropriate dimensions. Minimum positions size should be 0.6 m (2 ft), or more, larger than the overall outside dimensions of the vehicle or piece of GSE concerned. Where permanent parking positions assignment is practiced, the abbrev
