1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2016 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP6259AEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP6259Issued 2016-07LED Replacement for Incandescent/Hal
5、ogen Bulbs or Fluorescent LampsTransport Category Aircraft and RotorcraftRATIONALEThis document establishes guidance for interior aircraft lighting replacement of incandescent, halogen, or fluorescent light fixture with LED lights. Information contained herein has been expanded from other related LE
6、D light type AS and ARPs.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE 3 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Applicable Documents 3 2.1.1 SAE Publications. 3 2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications 3 2.1.3 CIE Publications 3 2.1.4 IEC Publications 4 2.1.5 RTCA Publications 4 2.1.6 IES Documents . 4 2.1.7 ANSI Accredited Publications . 4 2.
7、2 Definitions . 4 3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS . 5 3.1 Functional Objectives 6 3.2 Electrical and Thermal Considerations . 7 3.2.1 Electrical Considerations. 7 3.2.2 Thermal Considerations 11 3.3 Mechanical Interface. 11 3.4 Photometric Performance . 11 3.4.1 Light Fixture Measurement Level 12 3.4.2 Sy
8、stem Level Measurement . 13 3.5 Software 14 3.6 Reliability and Maintainability 15 3.6.1 Reliability. 15 3.6.2 Maintainability . 15 3.7 Life - LED Lighting LRU 16 3.7.1 Functional Service Life 16 3.7.2 Storage Life. 16 3.8 Flammability 16 3.9 Safety 16 3.10 Part Obsolescence 16 3.11 Qualification 17
9、 3.11.1 Environmental . 18 3.11.2 Electrical Power Quality 18 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6259 Page 2 of 213.11.3 EMC 18 3.11.4 Electrostatic Discharge . 20 3.11.5 Flammability 20 3.11.6 Other Tests . 20 4. NOTES 21 4.1 Revision Indicator 21 FIGURE 1 TYPICAL LED LF AND/OR POWER SUPPLY REPLACEMENT CONFIGURA
10、TIONS. 8 TABLE 1 REPLACEMENT CONFIGURATION DEFINITION AND QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENT SUMMARY 10 TABLE 2 QUALIFICATION TEST REQUIREMENTS 19 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6259 Page 3 of 211. SCOPEThis SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes design and qualification guidance for interior aircraft li
11、ghting replacement of incandescent, halogen, or fluorescent light with LED lights.2. REFERENCES2.1 Applicable DocumentsThe following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications
12、shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemptio
13、n has been obtained.2.1.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AIR512 Aircraft Cabin Illumination ARP5873 LED Passenger Reading Light Assembly ARP62
14、53 LEDs and Aircraft Applications2.1.2 U.S. Government PublicationsCopies of these documents are available online at http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.CFR references are available at the Government Printing Office. CFR AC and special conditions references are also available at the FAA home page at:http:/www
15、.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgWebcomponents.nsf/HomeFrame?OpenFrameSet14 CFR Part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes14 CFR Part 29 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft EASA CS 25 Certification Specifications for Large AeroplanesAC Advisory
16、Circulars Special Conditions: Dependent on aircraft models applicable special conditions can be found in the FAA websites:http:/rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgSC.nsf/MainFrame?OpenFrameset2.1.3 CIE PublicationsAvailable from CIE Central Bureau, Babenbergerstrasse 9/9A, 1010 Vienna, Au
17、stria, Tel: +43 1 714 31 87, www.cie.co.at.CIE 13.3 Method of Measuring and Specifying Colour Rendering Properties of Light Sources CIE S 009/E Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp SystemsSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6259 Page 4 of 212.1.4 IEC PublicationsAvailable from IEC Central Office, 3, rue de Var
18、embe, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 919 02 11, www.iec.ch.IEC 60081-1997 Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Performance SpecificationsIEC 62471 Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp SystemsIEC 62402 Obsolescence Management2.1.5 RTCA PublicationsAvailable from RTCA, Inc.
19、, 1150 18th Street, NW, Suite 910, Washington, DC 20036, Tel: 202-833-9339, www.rtca.org.RTCA DO-160 Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne EquipmentRTCA/DO-178 Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment CertificationRTCA/DO-254 Design Assurance Guidance for Airborn
20、e Electronic Hardware2.1.6 IES DocumentsAvailable from Illuminating Engineering Society, 120 Wall Street, Floor 17, New York, NY 10005-4001, Tel: 212-248-5000, www.ies.org.LM79 Approved Method: Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid State Lighting ProductsLM80 Approved Method: Measuring Lu
21、men Maintenance of LED Light SourcesTM21 Projecting Long Term Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources2.1.7 ANSI Accredited PublicationsCopies of these documents are available online at http:/webstore.ansi.org.ANSI/IESNA RP-27 Recommended Practice for Photobiological Safety for Lamps - Risk group clas
22、sification and labeling2.2 Definitions AC Advisory CircularsA/C AircraftA/P AirplaneBIT Built in TestBITE Built in Test EquipmentEMC Electromagnetic CompatibilityEME Electromagnetic EffectsEMI Electromagnetic InterferenceSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6259 Page 5 of 21eV ElectronvoltEO End of LifeESD Electros
23、tatic DischargeFMEA Failure Mode Effect and AnalysisICD Interface Control DrawingIn situ “in place”LED Light Emitting DiodeLF Light Fixture. Its also referred to as luminaireLRU Line Replaceable Unit. LRUs are standalone replaceable units including lighting elements, luminaries, and power supply/con
24、version units. MTBF Mean Time Between Failure. This value shall be expressed in operating hours. A correlation to flight hours can also be provided based upon the aircraft and LRUs specific operating assumptions, mission profile and aircraft design life cycle, and other applicable assumptions.MTBUR
25、Mean Time Between Unscheduled Removal. This value shall be expressed as a percentage of the MTBF.MTTR Mean Time to Repair. This value shall be expressed in man-hours.SCD Specification Control Drawing Phase or withoutPS Power SupplyRPS Remote Power SupplyUV Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic r
26、adiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, that is, in the range between 100 nm and 400 nm, corresponding to photon energies from 3 eV to 124 eV.UI User InterfaceVAC Volts Alternating CurrentVDC Volts Direct Current3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSBased on the obj
27、ectives, whether customer demand, power savings, performance, or enhancement in other perceptive values when substituting an existing light source or a luminaire with an LED light, the compatibilities must be addressed to ensure that it meets the intended function and does not have an adverse effect
28、 on the airplane in a foreseeable operational condition. There are many benefits as well as challenges of LED technology; therefore, the implementation of LED lighting requires a complete audit for compatibility of the design, manufacture, function, qualification, and maintenance to ensure itsairwor
29、thiness. The following several technical aspects should be addressed: x Functional objectivesx Electrical characteristics, power quality, and electrical interfaceSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6259 Page 6 of 21x Mechanical interface from installation to opticx Photometric performancex Softwarex Environmentalx
30、 Reliability and maintainabilityx Life - light source and luminaire lightx Flammabilityx Safetyx Part obsolescencex Qualification o Electrical - power qualityo Interferences - EMC, electromagnetic compatibilityo Environmental conditionso Flammabilityo Others: photometric performance, service life, f
31、ail-safe, and component, etc. 3.1 Functional ObjectivesWith each type of light targeted for replacement the integrity of both direct and indirect functions must be considered. Foran example, a direct function of a light could be to provide general illumination or illuminate a specific target. But th
32、e same light may also provide indirect functions such as: Providing a coordinated scene to enhance the aesthetic ambient.Charging the photo-luminescent light strips to provide emergency escape path marking - To establish photo-luminescentstrips operational limit and proper charging regimen, the foll
33、owing must be taken into consideration: photo-luminescent light strip type, aircraft interior lighting operational routine, flight duration, and interior arrangement. Providing lighting for donning an oxygen mask - To establish a minimum light level to don an oxygen mask, due to the subjective judgm
34、ent of the adequate light level for this task, it is recommended to coordinate with the proper oxygen system and cabin safety groups for a guidance light level or to conduct a subjective evaluation. Providing lighting for maintenance purposes - To establish the illumination level for aircraft mainte
35、nance purposes, it is recommended that accessibility, maintenance task required, and system capacity be taken into consideration.Providing other enhanced functions (dimming, color gamut).SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6259 Page 7 of 21Light sources that are to be replaced by LEDs function in a number of diffe
36、rent ways either in isolation or within their luminaire/assemblies that must be considered in the design/specification of the LED replacement. For example:x Direct Light: Direct lighting is defined as task lights or flood light type of lights such as reading lights, work lights, dome light, cargo li
37、ghts, etc., generally the source (not necessary the bulb) can be seen.x Indirect Light: Indirect lighting is defined as a type of light that provides illumination via a secondary target such as a light that illuminates a surface which then reflects the light to illuminate the desired area. Generally
38、, with these types of lights the source cannot be seen. Examples would be a sidewall and ceiling wash light or a light that illuminates the aircraft structure.x Signage or Indication Light: Light sources within signage such as that in PSUs or information or emergency escape signs where requirements/
39、specifications for luminance, color and uniformity must be considered and maintained when the LED replacement is fitted.x Emergency Escape Path Lighting - Lights that illuminate the escape path or provide escape path marking and guidance to a usable exit location for emergency evacuation purpose.3.2
40、 Electrical and Thermal Considerations 3.2.1 Electrical ConsiderationsThe power input and control must be compatible to the existing interface to ensure proper electrical and control interface, airplane protection and power budget. The required power input as defined in 3.11.2 shall be validated. It
41、 depends on the substituted configuration- see an example of the configuration variations in Figure 1.SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6259 Page 8 of 21Figure 1 - Typical LED LF and/or power supply replacement configurationsVariation of System Configurations and Target for Replacement (Notes: Static ground is n
42、ot shown, =without, PS=power supply, A/P=airplane, LF=light fixture, RPS= remote power supply)Light Fixture with/ PS Config. 1: A/P Powera) LF with PSb) LF PSLight Fixture with/ PS for DC they can be full wave or half wave rectifier By an inline power switch, with/ Dim Controlx Power conversion unit
43、 x LED LF with/ PSIf Smooth Transition: Ramp up and dim down is implemented. 3. A/P power via certified A/P power conversion unit or PSa) Integrated PS and LED LFb) LED light fixture without PSFrom the A/P power via A/P power conversion unit: Voltage levels: 5, 6, 12, 24, or 28 VAC or VDCFor AC sour
44、ce, it maybe 400 Hz or variable frequency between 360 to 800 Hz, for DC source, it also can be full wave or half wave rectifier By discrete signal interface with A/P Power conversion unit or PSLED LF with/ PS(Both power and control must be compatible with the A/P power conversion unit or PS)4. A/P p
45、ower and A/P data BUSa) Integrated PS and LED LFb) LED light fixture without PSDirect Aircraft Power: 115 VAC, 28 VAC or VDC BUSFor AC source, it maybe 400 Hz or variable frequency between 360 to 800 Hz for DC source it also can be Full wave or half wave rectifierVia A/P Data BUS interface Integrate
46、d PS and LED LF including both hardware andsoftware5. A/P power and A/C data BUS a) Remote PS b) LED LF with/ PSDirect Aircraft Power: 115 VAC, 28 VAC or VDC BUSFor AC source, it maybe 400 Hz or variable frequency between 360 to 800 Hz; for DC source it also can be Full wave or half wave rectifierVi
47、a A/P data BUS interface and local data BUS from remote PS to LED LFRemote PS and LED LF with/ PS including both hardware and software of remote PS and LED LFSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6259 Page 11 of 213.2.2 Thermal ConsiderationsThe thermal interface can influence the LF performance and LED life as well
48、 as causing heat damage to the surrounding equipment. Proper thermal design management with a given interface must be considered to ensure the designed performance of the LED, and the safety of the surrounding components, equipment, and systems. Thermal management design shall address all combinatio
49、ns of the worst-case condition of the ambient, power input, and operation including failure modes. The following items should be considered:a. Light quality (color, brightness, and uniformity) performance.b. The thermal path needs to be established to show how the heat transfer is managed.c. The thermal management methodology:o power management o passive heat dissipation o active heat dissipationo
