1、SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1273 SEP2014 Issued 1979-09 Reaffirmed 2014-09 Superseding J1273 FEB2009 Recommended Practices for Hydraulic Hose Assemblies RATIONALE J1273 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “
2、This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE re
3、views each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval s
4、ystem or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServ
5、icesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1273_201409 FOREWORD This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide to consider when selecting, routing, fabricating, installin
6、g, replacing, maintaining, and storing hose for fluid-power systems. It is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. For those new to hose use in fluid-power systems, this guide outlines practices to note during each phase of system design and use. Experienced designers
7、and users skilled in achieving proper results, as well as the less experienced, can use this outline as a list of considerations to keep in mind. Fluid power systems are complex and require extensive knowledge of both the system requirements and the various types of hose. Therefore, all-inclusive, d
8、etailed, step-by-step instructions are not practical and are beyond the scope of this document. Less experienced designers and users who need more information can consult specialists such as hose suppliers and manufacturers. This guide can improve the communication process. Safety ConsiderationsThes
9、e recommended practices involve safety considerations; note these carefully during all phases of design and use of hose systems. Improper selection, fabrication, installation, or maintenance of hose and hose assemblies for fluid-power systems may result in serious personal injury or property damage.
10、 These recommended practices can reduce the likelihood of component or system failure, thereby reducing the risk of injury or damage. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Applicable Publications . 3 2.1.1 SAE Publications . 3 2.1.2 ISO Publication . 3 3. DEFINITIONS . 3 3.1 Fluid Power .
11、 4 3.2 Hose 4 3.3 Hose Fitting or Fitting 4 3.4 Hose Assembly . 4 3.5 Hose Failure 4 3.6 Hose Service Life 4 4. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS . 4 4.1 Fluid Injections 4 4.2 Whipping Hose 4 4.3 Burns from Conveyed Fluids . 5 4.4 Fire and Explosions from Conveyed Fluids 5 4.5 Fire and Explosions from Static-E
12、lectric Discharge 5 4.6 Electrical Shock . 5 4.7 Mechanisms Controlled by Fluid Power . 5 5. HOSE SELECTION AND ROUTING 5 5.1 System Pressures . 5 5.2 Suction 6 5.3 External Pressure 6 5.4 Temperature 6 5.5 Permeation 6 5.6 Hose-Material Compatibility 6 5.7 Environment 7 5.8 Static-Electric Discharg
13、e . 7 5.9 Sizing 7 5.10 Unintended Uses 7 5.11 Specifications and Standards . 7 5.12 Unusual Applications 7 5.13 Hose Cleanliness 7 5.14 Hose Fittings . 8 5.15 Vibration 8 5.16 Hose Cover Protection 8 5.17 External Physical Abuse . 8 5.18 Swivel-Type Adapters . 9 5.19 Live Swivels 9 5.20 Slings and
14、Clamps 9 5.21 Minimum Bend Radius 9 5.22 Elbows and Adapters 10 5.23 Lengths . 10 5.23.1 Motion Absorption . 10 5.23.2 Hose and Machine Tolerances . 11 5.23.3 Hose Length Change Due to Pressure . 12 5.24 Hose Movement and Bending . 12 5.24.1 Bend in Only One Plane to Avoid Twisting . 12 5.24.2 Preve
15、nt Hose Bending in More Than One Plane 13 6. HOSE-ASSEMBLY FABRICATION 14 6.1 Component Inspection 14 6.2 Hose Fittings . 14 6.3 Hose and Fitting Compatibility 14 6.4 Hose Assembly Equipment . 14 6.5 Safety Equipment 15 6.6 Reuse of Hose and Fittings . 15 6.7 Cleanliness of Hose Assemblies 15 7. HOS
16、E INSTALLATION AND REPLACEMENT 15 7.1 Pre-Installation Inspection . 15 7.2 Handling During Installation 15 7.3 Twist Angle and Orientation 16 7.4 Securement and Protection 16 7.5 Routing 16 7.6 Assembly Torque 16 7.7 System Checkouts 16 SAE INTERNATIONAL J1273 Reaffirmed SEP2014 Page 2 of 21_ 8. MAI
17、NTENANCE INSPECTION . 17 8.1 Inspection Frequency 17 8.2 Visual Inspection (Hose and Fittings) . 17 8.3 Visual Inspection (All Other Components) 18 8.4 Functional Test 18 9. HOSE STORAGE . 18 9.1 Age Control . 18 9.2 Storage 18 10. NOTES 19 10.1 Marginal Indicia . 19 1. SCOPE SAE J1273 provides guid
18、elines for selection, routing, fabrication, installation, replacement, maintenance, and storage of hose and hose assemblies for hydraulic fluid-power systems. Many of these SAE Recommended Practices also may be suitable for other hoses and systems. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The follo
19、wing publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
20、and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J343 Test and Test Procedures for SAE 100R Series Hydraulic Hose and Hose Assemblies SAE J514 Hydraulic Tube Fittings SAE J517 Hydraulic Hose SAE J 1754-1 Hose Assemblies, Rubber, Hydraulic, Steel Wire ReinforcedPart 1: Procurement Document
21、 SAE J 1754-2 Hose Assemblies, Rubber, Hydraulic, Steel Wire ReinforcedPart 2: Ordering Information SAE J 1754-3 Hose Assemblies, Hydraulic, J517 100R Series HosePart 3: Procurement and Ordering Information 2.1.2 ISO Publication Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel:
22、 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 3457 Earth moving machineryGuards and shieldsDefinitions and specifications ISO 2230 Rubber productsGuidelines for storage ISO 8331 Rubber and plastics hoses and hose assembliesGuide to selection, storage, use and maintenance 3. DEFINITIONS These explanations serve o
23、nly to clarify this document and are not intended to stand alone. They are presented sequentially, with the former helping to explain the latter. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1273 Reaffirmed SEP2014 Page 3 of 21_ 3.1 Fluid Power Energy transmitted and controlled using pressurized hydraulic fluids or compresse
24、d air. 3.2 Hose Flexible conductor. In this document, the term hose also may refer to a hose assembly with related accessories used in fluid power applications. 3.3 Hose Fitting or Fitting Connector which can be attached to the end of a hose. 3.4 Hose Assembly Hose with hose fittings attached. 3.5 H
25、ose Failure Occurrence in which a hose stops meeting system requirements. 3.6 Hose Service Life Length of time a hose meets system requirements without needing replacement. 4. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Listed in 4.1 to 4.7 are some potential conditions and situations that may lead to personal injury and
26、/or property damage. This list is not necessarily all inclusive. Consider reasonable and feasible means, including those described in this section, to reduce the risk of injuries or property damage. Training, including the information in this document, for operators, maintenance personnel, and other
27、 individuals working with hose assemblies under pressure is encouraged. 4.1 Fluid Injections Fine streams of escaping pressurized fluid can penetrate skin and enter a human body. These fluid injections may cause severe tissue damage and loss of limb. Consider various means to reduce the risk of flui
28、d injections, particularly in areas normally occupied by operators. Such means include: careful routing, adjacent components, warnings, guards, shields, and training programs. Relieve pressure before disconnecting hydraulic or other lines. Tighten all connections before applying pressure. Avoid cont
29、act with escaping fluids. Treat all leaks as though pressurized and hot enough to burn skin. Never use any part of your body to check a hose for leaks. If a fluid-injection accident occurs, see a doctor immediately. DO NOT DELAY OR TREAT AS A SIMPLE CUT! Any fluid injected into the skin must be surg
30、ically removed within a few hours or gangrene may result. Doctors unfamiliar with this type of injury should consult a knowledgeable medical source. 4.2 Whipping Hose If a pressurized hose assembly blows apart, the fittings can be thrown off at high speed, and the loose hose can flail or whip with g
31、reat force. This is particularly true in compressible-fluid systems. When this risk exists, consider guards and restraints to protect against injury. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1273 Reaffirmed SEP2014 Page 4 of 21_ 4.3 Burns from Conveyed Fluids Fluid-power media may reach temperatures that can burn human s
32、kin. If there is risk of burns from escaping fluid, consider guards and shields to prevent injury, particularly in areas normally occupied by operators. 4.4 Fire and Explosions from Conveyed Fluids Most fluid-power media (hydraulic fluid), including fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, will burn under c
33、ertain conditions. Fluids which escape from pressurized systems may form a mist or fine spray which can flash or explode upon contact with an ignition source. Consider selecting, guarding, and routing hose to minimize the risk of combustion (see Section 5 and ISO 3457). 4.5 Fire and Explosions from
34、Static-Electric Discharge Fluid passing through hose can generate static electricity, resulting in static-electric discharge. This may create sparks that can ignite system fluids or gases in the surrounding atmosphere. When this potential exists, select hose specifically designed to carry the static
35、-electric charge to ground. 4.6 Electrical Shock Electrocution could occur if hose conducts electricity through a person. Most hoses are conductive. Many contain metal or have metal hose fittings attached. Even nonconductive hoses can be conduits for electricity if they carry conductive fluids. Be a
36、ware of routing or using hose near electrical sources. When this cannot be avoided, select appropriate hose. Nonconductive hoses should be considered. SAE J517100R7 and 100R8 hoses, with orange covers marked “Nonconductive” are available for applications requiring nonconductive hose. 4.7 Mechanisms
37、Controlled by Fluid Power Mechanisms controlled by fluids in hoses can become hazardous when a hose fails. For example, when a hose bursts, objects supported by fluid pressure may fall, or vehicles or machines may lose their brakes or steering. If mechanisms are controlled by fluid power, consider s
38、afe modes of failure that minimize risks of injury or damage. 5. HOSE SELECTION AND ROUTING A wide variety of interacting factors influence hose service life and the ability of each hydraulic fluid-power system to operate satisfactorily, and the combined effects of these factors on service life are
39、often unpredictable. Therefore, hydraulic hose specification documents should not be construed as design standards. For applications outside the specifications in SAE J517, SAE J514, or other relevant design standards, performance of hose assemblies should be determined by appropriate testing. Caref
40、ully analyze each system. Then design routings and select hose and related components to meet the system-performance and hose-service-life requirements, and to minimize the risks of personal injury and/or property damage. Consider the following factors: 5.1 System Pressures Excessive pressure can ac
41、celerate hose assembly failure. Analyze the steady-state pressures, and the frequency and amplitude of pressure surges, such as pulses and spikes. These are rapid and transient rises in pressure which may not be indicated on many common pressure gages and can be identified best on high-frequency-res
42、ponse electronic measuring instruments. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1273 Reaffirmed SEP2014 Page 5 of 21_ For maximum hose assembly service life, hose selection should be based on a system pressure, including surges, that is less than the hose assembly maximum working pressure. The maximum working pressure o
43、f a hose assembly comprised of hose and hose fittings shall not exceed the lower of the maximum working pressure specified for the respective hose and the connection end of the hose fittings. 5.2 Suction For suction applications, such as inlet flow to pumps, select hose to withstand both the negativ
44、e and positive pressures the system imposes on the hose. 5.3 External Pressure In certain applications, such as in autoclaves or under water, the external environmental pressures may exceed the fluid pressure inside the hose. In these applications, consider the external pressures, and if necessary,
45、consult the hose manufacturers. 5.4 Temperature Exceeding hose temperature ratings may significantly reduce hose life. Select hose so the fluid and ambient temperatures, both static and transient, fall within the hose ratings. The effects of external heat sources should not raise the temperature of
46、the hose above its maximum operating temperature. Select hose, heat shields, sleeving, and other methods for these requirements, and route or shield hose to avoid hose damage from external heat sources. 5.5 Permeation Permeation, or effusion, is seepage of fluid through the hose. Certain materials i
47、n hose construction are more permeable than others. Consider the effects of permeation when selecting hose, especially with gaseous fluids. Consult the hose and fluid manufacturers for permeability information. 5.6 Compatibility Between Hose Materials and Hydraulic Fluids Variables that can affect c
48、ompatibility of system fluids with hose materials include, but are not limited to: a. Chemical properties b. Fluid pressure c. Temperature d. Concentration level e. Exposure duration Because of permeation (see 5.5), consider compatibility of system fluids with the hose, tube, cover, reinforcement, and fittings. Consult the fluid and hose manufacturers f
