1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2333_201305 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J2333 MAY2013 Issued 1998-03 Re
5、affirmed 2013-05 Superseding J2333 SEP2004 Ship Systems and Equipment - Hydraulic Systems - Filter Selection Parameters RATIONALE J2333 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. ForewordThis SAE Recommended Practice is based to a large extent on a paper prepared by Wayne K.
6、 Wilcox ofthe Naval Sea Systems Command titled “Selection Parameters for Hydraulic System Filters with a Comparison ofAircraft and Marine Applications“ which was published in the September 1987 issue of the Naval EngineersJournal. Much of the material in this document has been extracted directly fro
7、m the paper with the permission ofthe author.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Scope . 21.1 Field of Application . 22. References . 22.1 Applicable Publications. 22.2 Other Publications 33. Definitions. 33.1 Filtration Efficiency . 33.2 Absolute Rating 33.3 Filtration Ratio (Beta Ratio) 33.4 Nominal (Size) Rating
8、. 33.5 Percentage by Weight 44. Introduction. 44.1 Background 44.2 Cause of Past Deficiencies. 44.3 Selection Parameters . 44.4 Fluid Viscosity and Flow Rate 44.5 Filter Location. 64.6 Filter Bypass Relief Valves . 74.7 Filter Element Efficiency and Dirt Capacity 94.8 Cost Factors in Filter Selectio
9、n. 104.9 Selection of Maintenance Practices . 114.10 Selection of Element Condition Indicators 124.11 Selection of Standardized Elements and Assemblies 144.12 Determining System Cleanliness Requirements 145. Notes 165.1 Intended Use 165.2 Applicability.165.3 Key Words.161. ScopeThis SAE Recommended
10、Practice identifies and examines the various parameters which must beconsidered in selecting hydraulic system filters, their locations within the system and the dirt capacity of thefilter elements.1.1 Field of ApplicationThis document is generally applicable to all ship hydraulic systems but does no
11、t applyto personal or recreational watercraft.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from Societ
12、y of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, Pa 15096.SAE AIR 887Liquid Filter Ratings, Parameters and TestsSAE J1778Hydraulic Fluids For Marine VehiclesSAE J1779Hydraulic System Design Criteria for High-Performance Marine Surface Vehicles and SmallSubmersible VehiclesSAE J232
13、1Ship Systems and EquipmentFilter ElementsHydraulic and Lube Oil Service (Documentunder development)2.1.2 NFPA PUBLICATIONSAvailable from National Fluid Power Association, 3333 North Mayfair Road,Milwaukee, WI 53222.T3.10.8.8Multi-Pass Method for Evaluating the Filter Performance (Note: Expected to
14、be replaced withISO 16889.)2.1.3 ISO DOCUMENTSAvailable from International Organization for Standardization, 1 rue de Varembe, 1211Geneva 20, Switzerland or from the National Fluid Power Association (NFPA).ISO 4406Hydraulic fluid powerFluidsCodes for defining the level of contamination of solid part
15、iclesISO 4572Hydraulic fluid powerFiltersMultipass method for evaluating filtration performance of a finefilter element (Note: Expected to be replaced with ISO 16889.)ISO 12103-1Road vehiclesTest dust for filter evaluationPart 1: Arizona test dustISO 111711Hydraulic fluid powerCalibration of liquid
16、automatic particle counters2.1.4 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D,700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.MIL-F-5504Filter and Filter Elements, Fluid Pressure, Hydraulic Micronic TypeMIL-H-5606Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base, Ai
17、rcraft and OrdnanceMIL-F-8815Filter and Filter Elements, Fluid Pressure, Hydraulic Line, 15 Micron Absolute and 5 MicronAbsolute, Type II Systems, General Specification forMIL-F-17111Fluid, Power TransmissionMIL-L-17331Lubricating Oil, Steam Turbine and Gear, Moderate ServiceMIL-PRF-17672Hydraulic F
18、luid, Petroleum, InhibitedMIL-H-19457Hydraulic Fluid, Fire-Resistant, Non-NeurotoxicMIL-H-22072Hydraulic Fluid, Catapult, NATO Code Number H-579SAE J2333 Reaffirmed MAY2013 Page 2 of 16_MIL-F-24402Filter (Hydraulic), Filter Elements (High Efficiency) and Filter Differential PressureIndicatorsMIL-F-2
19、4402/4Filter Elements, Hydraulic, Disposable (Expected to be replaced by SAE J2321)MIL-F-24702Filter Elements, Hydraulic, Disposable, General Specification for (Expected to be replacedby SAE J2321 when issued)MIL-PRF-83282Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft, Metric,
20、 NATOCode Number H-5372.2 Other PublicationsDowns, David C., “Clean hydraulics cuts downtime,“ Machine Design, Dec. 14, 1995, pg. 113-119Needleman, W. M., “Filtration,” STLE Handbook of Lubrication and Tribology, E. R. Booser, Ed., CRCPress, 1994Pall Industrial Hydraulics Corporation, “Contamination
21、 Control and Filtration Fundamentals,“ 1993, 2200Northern Blvd., East Hills, NY 11548-1289Parker Hannifin Corporation, “The Handbook of Hydraulic Filtration,“ Hydraulic Filter Division, 16810Fulton County Road #2, Metamora, OH 43540Vickers, Incorporated “Vickers Guide to Systemic Contamination Contr
22、ol, 12/1992. P.O. Box 302, Troy, MI48007-302 Wilcox, Wayne K., “Selection Parameters for Hydraulic System Filters with a Comparison of Aircraft andMarine Applications,“ Naval Engineers Journal, Sept. 1987, Vol. 99, No. 5, pp. 62-70Zingaro, A. “Walking the fluid cleanliness tightrope, Part 5: Fluid c
23、leanliness standards, the Multipass Test,Beta Ratios, Contaminant loading, particle capture efficiency, and filter selection and location,“Hydraulic however, they cannotprotect system components from a catastrophic pump failure. In systems with multiple pumps, a separatedischarge filter is recommend
24、ed for each pump.4.5.5 FILTERS UPSTREAM OF CONTAMINATION SENSITIVE COMPONENTSFilters should be installed immediatelyupstream of critical and contamination sensitive components, such as electro-hydraulic servo valves,particularly in large systems where the servo is located a considerable distance fro
25、m the pump dischargefilter. When such filters are installed, it is generally not a good practice to select a filter with finer filtrationthan the pump discharge or return line filter or they are apt to have a short service life as they become theprimary system filter. Filters in these locations shou
26、ld be minimized. For high flow rate servo valves, filtrationof only the pilot stage supply is usually sufficient.4.5.6 PARTIAL FLOW FILTRATIONIn some applications, the use of partial flow filtration should be considered. Inpartial flow filtration, only a portion of the fluid is subject to filtration
27、. This may result in smaller and lesscostly filtration equipment. In a system which has large but infrequent demands, it may be possible to installpartial flow filtration unit which operates continuously. Partial flow filtration may also be considered for apump/motor transmission system where make u
28、p and control flow is provided by a separate small pump.Filtration may be provided only for the make up/control flow. However, this should only be considered whereexperience indicates that satisfactory contamination control of the primary system can be maintained byfiltering the smaller circuit. Par
29、tial flow filtration may be considered with coarser (less efficient) system filterswhen system limitations preclude using full flow filters of sufficient efficiency. Certain types of partial flowfiltration, such as those employing electrostatic precipitators, may be particularly suitable for suchapp
30、lications.4.5.7 HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONSIt may not be necessary to provide filters in the closed transmission loopwhen the pump and motor are located in close proximity to each other and there is sufficient leakage flowthat the transmission loop is kept clean by replenishment with clean fluid. Howe
31、ver, in many cases,additional filtration will be required to keep the system clean. This usually requires installing a filter in eachline of the transmission loop. The filter installed must be equipped with check valves so that the flow isalways in the same direction across the filter element. With
32、two check valves per filter, filtration in only onedirection is possible. By using four check valves with the filter, it is possible to obtain filtration regardless ofthe direction of flow within the line.4.5.8 MINIMIZING THE NUMBER OF FILTERSIn weight critical applications, efforts to minimize the
33、number of filtersto minimize weight is a consideration. Minimizing filters is easier in small systems than in large systems withseveral pumps and many actuators. A single pump discharge filter may be adequate in a small system.4.6 Filter Bypass Relief Valves4.6.1 THE INFLUENCE OF MISSION ESSENTIALIT
34、Y AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICESA bypass relief valve jeopardizesthe very protection which a filter provides. On the other hand, a bypass relief may be necessary to preventserious system malfunctions. Therefore, system or mission essentiality and maintenance practices areimportant considerations in deter
35、mining whether a bypass relief valve should be provided. The need for abypass relief valve needs to be specifically evaluated for each filter location.4.6.2 PUMP DISCHARGE FILTERSOne purpose of a pump discharge filter is to protect the system componentsfrom a catastrophic pump failure. With a bypass
36、 relief, the filter may become loaded upon a pump failure andpermit contamination to circulate through the entire system. To solve this problem, a two-stage filtrationsystem may be used in which bypass flow around the primary filter flows through a reserve secondary filter.SAE J2333 Reaffirmed MAY20
37、13 Page 7 of 16_4.6.2.1 Single Pump SystemsIn an essential system with a single pump, it may be acceptable to provide abypass relief. Failure of the pump basically means failure of the system whether or not the filter has abypass relief. However, with a bypass relief, cleaning of the system after a
38、pump failure can be costly andtime consuming.4.6.2.2 Multiple Pump SystemsIn a multiple pump system, it is usually important that the pump casualty belimited to the failed pump and contamination isolated to prevent causing subsequent failure of other systemcomponents including the remaining pumps. T
39、herefore, in multiple pump systems, pump discharge filtersshould not be provided with relief valves.4.6.3 SYSTEM RELIEF REQUIREMENTSWhen a bypass relief is not installed, the effect of increasing differentialpressure on system operation and maintenance philosophy must be considered. Filter elements
40、must beable to withstand the differential pressure which may be developed. Since pressure in excess of systempressure may result if maintenance is neglected, a pump discharge relief valve should be located betweenthe pump and the filter to protect the pump, piping and the filter from excess pressure
41、. As this relief lifts, lessflow passes through the filter to the system. With proper maintenance this relief should lift only in event of acatastrophic pump failure occurring when the filter is nearing its terminal dirt capacity. If this is a multiplepump system, the relief valve should discharge i
42、nto a return line upstream of any return line filter, not directlyto tank.4.6.4 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES FOR PUMP DISCHARGE FILTERSUnder normal circumstances, immediate changeof a filter element is not required when the replacement differential pressure is reached. However, goodmaintenance practice is
43、necessary since the rate of pressure build-up increases with time. Devicesindicating the need for element replacement must be monitored frequently enough that element replacementcan be scheduled before system operation and mission completion are jeopardized. Unlike aircraftapplications in which the
44、elements are replaced only at the completion of a mission, the length of shipmissions sometimes requires element replacement during the mission. In cases of a single pump system,this may require the installation of multiple filters so that system operation may continue while one filter isbeing chang
45、ed. When periodic maintenance inspection for excessive pressure differential is infrequent, itmay be necessary to have a remotely operated panel light to warn when element replacement is necessary. 4.6.5 BYPASS RELIEF VALVE REQUIREMENTS FOR RETURN LINE FILTERSFor return line filters, a bypass relief
46、 valveis usually recommended. First, without a bypass relief, the danger of excessive return line pressure causinginadvertent actuator operation must be considered. Secondly, without a relief valve, it may be necessary todesign the return line piping for greater pressures, adding to the weight and c
47、ost of the system. Analternative to a built-in bypass relief in the filter, is a return line relief which will open when the differentialpressure across the filter becomes excessive. Even when relief protection is provided, frequent monitoringof filter condition is necessary and the use of remote wa
48、rning lights should be considered. 4.6.6 BYPASS RELIEF VALVE REQUIREMENTS FOR CASE DRAIN FILTERSCase drain filters can be installed with orwithout bypass relief valves. If the filter discharge is directly to tank, a bypass relief should be avoided. Ifdischarge flow also passes through a return line filter, the use of a bypass relief is acceptable. The pressurerating of pump shaft seals may dictate the use of a bypass relief.4.6.7 BYPASS RELIEF REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPONENT FILTERSWhere filters are prov
