1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J941_201003SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ941 MAR2010 Issued 1965-11 Revised 2010-03 Supersedin
5、g J941 OCT2008 Motor Vehicle Drivers Eye Locations RATIONALEThis revision contains editorial changes to improve the document structure and clarity. No technical changes were made. FOREWORDThis SAE Recommended Practice describes the eyellipse, a statistical representation of driver eye locations, whi
6、ch is used to facilitate design and evaluation of vision in motor vehicles. Examples of eyellipse applications include rearview mirror size and placement, wiped and defrosted areas, pillar size and location, and general exterior field of view. These applications are covered in other SAE and ISO prac
7、tices. The 2002 revision of the eyellipse was the most significant update to SAE J941 since its inception. The 2002 eyellipses differed from the previous eyellipses in the following ways: a. The axis angles in plan view and rear view are parallel to vehicle grid. b. The side view X axis angle is tip
8、ped down more at the front. c. For the 95th percentile eyellipse (99th shown in parentheses): 1. The X axis length is 7.5 (18.9) mm longer. 2. The Y axis is 44.6 (63.6) mm shorter. 3. The Z axis is 7.4 (10.1) mm longer. d. The centroid location is generally higher and more rearward. e. The centroid
9、location in side view is a function of packaging geometry (SgRP, steering wheel location, seat cushion angle, and the presence or absence of a clutch pedal). f. The eyellipse is no longer positioned according to the drivers torso angle. g. The eyellipse for seat tracks shorter than 133 mm in length
10、has an X axis length unchanged from the prior SAE J941. The Y and Z axis lengths, and the centroid location, are based on the new values/ equations given in this document. h. Neck pivot (P) and eye (E) points are based on the previous plan view sight lines to rearview mirrors and A-pillars, but are
11、adjusted to the shape and location of the new eyellipses. SAE J941 Revised MAR2010 Page 2 of 36New additions, incorporated as appendices to this document, are summarized as follows: a. Fixed seat eyellipses for an adult user population at a 50/50 gender mix and 95th and 99th percentile tangent cutof
12、fs (Appendix B).b. A procedure for calculating adjustable and fixed seat eyellipses for any user population stature and gender mix at selected percentile tangent cutoffs (Appendices A and C). c. Tables providing comparisons between tangent cutoff eyellipses and inclusive eyellipses. An inclusive eye
13、llipse can be constructed using these tables (Appendix D). Eyellipses for Class B vehicles are unchanged from prior versions of SAE J941 (Appendix E). Appendices are informative only and are not normative requirements of this document. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 42. REFERENCES 42.1 Applicable Public
14、ations . 42.1.1 SAE Publications . 42.2 Related Publications . 52.2.1 SAE Publications . 52.2.2 Other Publication . 53. DEFINITIONS . 53.1 Eyellipse 53.2 Cyclopean Eye or Mid-Eye Point 63.3 Tangent Cutoff Plane 63.4 Tangent Cutoff Eyellipse . 63.5 Neck Pivot Points (P points) . 63.6 Neck Pivots, P1
15、and P2 63.7 Neck Pivots, P3 and P4 73.8 Eye Points (E points). 73.9 Inclusive Eyellipse . 83.10 Dimensions and Definitions in SAE J1100 . 84. ADJUSTABLE SEAT 95TH AND 99TH PERCENTILE TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSES FOR A 50/50 MALE/FEMALE GENDER MIX . 94.1 Reference anthropometry . 94.2 Axis Lengths 94.3
16、Axis Angles . 104.3.1 Rear and Plan View Angles 104.3.2 Side View Angle, 104.4 Centroid Locations 114.4.1 Locating Equations . 114.4.2 Seats with Vertical Adjustment . 114.4.3 Left, Right, Mid-Eye Centroids 125. EYELLIPSE LOCATING PROCEDURE, CLASS A VEHICLES . 125.1 Determine seat characteristics A1
17、9, W20, H30, TL23. . 125.2 Determine H8 and L6. . 125.3 Determine t based on the percentage of vehicle production that has a clutch pedal. 125.4 Construct identical left and right eyellipses based on the axes given in Table 2. 125.5 Locate the centroids using Equations 2 through 5. 125.6 Tilt the fr
18、ont of the eyellipse X axis down in side view according to Equation 1. 12SAE J941 Revised MAR2010 Page 3 of 366. NECK PIVOT (P) AND EYE (E) POINTS: LOCATING PROCEDURE, CLASS A VEHICLES 136.1 Background . 136.2 Neck Pivot (P) Points 136.3 Eye (E) Points . 137. NOTES 147.1 Marginal Indicia . 14APPENDI
19、X A ADJUSTABLE SEAT TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSES FOR ANY USER POPULATION STATURE DISTRIBUTION AND GENDER MIX INFORMATIVE 15APPENDIX B FIXED SEAT 95TH AND 99TH PERCENTILE TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSES FOR AN ADULT POPULATION AT A 50/50 GENDER MIX INFORMATIVE . 21APPENDIX C FIXED SEAT TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPS
20、ES FOR ANY USER POPULATION STATURE DISTRIBUTION AND GENDER MIX INFORMATIVE 25APPENDIX D TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSES AND INCLUSIVE EYELLIPSES INFORMATIVE . 29APPENDIX E EYELLIPSES FOR CLASS B VEHICLES INFORMATIVE . 32APPENDIX F BACKGROUND FOR THIS REVISION OF SAE J941 INFORMATIVE . 35FIGURE 1 TYPICAL T
21、HREE-DIMENSIONAL TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSES FOR THE LEFT ANDRIGHT EYES 6FIGURE 2 P POINT LOCATIONS RELATIVE TO 95TH PERCENTILE EYELLIPSE MID-EYE CENTROID WITH SEAT TRACK TRAVEL 133 MM 7FIGURE 3 NECK PIVOT POINT AND ASSOCIATED EYE POINTS . 8FIGURE 4 ADJUSTABLE SEAT TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSE FOR ONE EYE
22、, THREE VIEWS . 10FIGURE 5 EYELLIPSE PACKAGE FACTORS, SIDE VIEW AXIS ANGLE, AND CENTROID LOCATION 12FIGURE A1 SIDE VIEW LOCATION OF THE MALE AND FEMALE EYE CENTROIDS RELATIVE TO THE REFERENCE CENTROID 16FIGURE A2 DETERMINATION OF EYELLIPSE X AXIS END POINTS AND LENGTH 16FIGURE B1 FIXED SEAT EYELLIPS
23、E SIDE VIEW AXIS ANGLE AND CENTROID LOCATION 21FIGURE B2 FIXED SEAT TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSE FOR ONE EYE - TRUE VIEWS . 23FIGURE C1 FIXED SEAT EYELLIPSE SIDE VIEW, (X, Z) AXIS AND AXIS ANGLE, 27FIGURE D1 TWO DIMENSIONAL TANGENT CUTOFF DESCRIPTION 29FIGURE E1 EYELLIPSE LOCATION IN CLASS B VEHICLES .
24、33TABLE 1 REFERENCE ANTHROPOMETRY (NHANES III)(1)9TABLE 2 LEFT AND RIGHT EYELLIPSE AXIS LENGTHS (TRUE VIEW) . 9TABLE 3 NECK PIVOT POINTS RELATIVE TO THE 95TH PERCENTILE EYELLIPSE MID-EYE CENTROID . 13TABLE A1 POPULATION ANTHROPOMETRY(1)19TABLE A2 LEFT AND RIGHT EYELLIPSE AXIS LENGTHS (MM) . 19TABLE
25、A3 CHANGE IN EYELLIPSE CENTROID LOCATION(1)(50% MALE POPULATION) . 20TABLE B1 FIXED SEAT EYELLIPSE AXIS LENGTHS . 22TABLE D1 TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSE PERCENTILES AND CORRESPONDING 2-D AND 3-D INCLUSIVE EYELLIPSE PERCENTILES, ADJUSTABLE SEAT . 30TABLE D2 TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSE PERCENTILES AND CORRE
26、SPONDING 2-D AND 3-D INCLUSIVE EYELLIPSE PERCENTILES, FIXED SEAT . 31TABLE E1 LENGTH OF 3 AXES IN TRUE VIEW FOR THE FOUR EYELLIPSES (MM) . 32SAE J941 Revised MAR2010 Page 4 of 361. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice establishes the location of drivers eyes inside a vehicle. Elliptical (eyellipse) m
27、odels in three dimensions are used to represent tangent cutoff percentiles of driver eye locations. Procedures are provided to construct 95th and 99th percentile tangent cutoff eyellipses for a 50/50 gender mix, adult user population.Neck pivot (P) points are defined in Section 6 to establish specif
28、ic left and right eye points for direct and indirect viewing tasks described in SAE J1050. These P points are defined only for the adjustable seat eyellipses defined in Section 4. This document applies to Class A Vehicles (Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, and Light Trucks) as defined
29、 in SAE J1100. It also applies to Class B vehicles (Heavy Trucks), although these eyellipses have not been updated from previous versions of SAE J941.The appendices are provided for information only and are not a requirement of this document. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publ
30、ications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canad
31、a) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J826 Devices for Use in Defining and Measuring Vehicle Seating Accommodation SAE J1100 Motor Vehicle Dimensions SAE J1516 Accommodation Tool Reference Point SAE J4002 H-Point Machine (HPM-II) Specifications and Procedure for H-Point DeterminationAudi
32、ting Vehicle SeatsSAE J4004 Positioning the H-Point Design ToolSeating Reference Point and Seat Track Length SAE J941 Revised MAR2010 Page 5 of 362.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this specification. 2.2.1 SA
33、E Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J1050 Describing and Measuring the Drivers Field of View SAE J1517 Driver Selected Seat Position SAE Paper 6504
34、64 Automobile Driver Eye Position, J. F. Meldrum (1965) SAE Paper 680105 The Eyellipse and Considerations in the Drivers Forward Field of View, W. A. Devlin and R. W. Roe (1968) SAE Paper 720200 Driver Head and Eye Positions, D. C. Hammond and R. W. Roe (1972) SAE Paper 750356 Describing the Drivers
35、 Workspace Eye, Head, Knee, and Seat Positions, R. W. Roe (1975) SAE Paper 852317 Describing the Truck Driver Workspace, N. L. Philippart and T. J. Kuechenmeister (1985) (in SAE SP-712)SAE Paper 980012 Development of an Improved Driver Eye Position Model, M.A. Manary, et al (1998) (in SAE SP-1358)M.
36、 S. Sanders (1983), “U.S. Truck Driver Anthropometric and Truck Workspace Data Survey,” Final Report submitted to SAE, Warrendale, PA B. E. Shaw and M. S. Sanders (1984), “Female U.S. Truck Driver Anthropometric and Truck Workspace Data Survey,” Final Report submitted to SAE, Warrendale, PA 2.2.2 Ot
37、her Publication Available from UMTRI, RIPC, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150, Tel: 734-764-6504, www.umtri.umich.edu.W. A. Devlin (1975), “Visibility Design Guide,” Proposed SAE Recommended Practice (also, ISO/TC159/SC4(USA1)6), SAE Driver Vision Committee, Troy, MI 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 EYEL
38、LIPSE A contraction of the words eye and ellipse used to describe the statistical distribution of eye locations in three-dimensional space located relative to defined vehicle interior reference points. See Figure 1. SAE J941 Revised MAR2010 Page 6 of 36FIGURE 1 - TYPICAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL TANGENT CU
39、TOFF EYELLIPSES FOR THE LEFT AND RIGHT EYES 3.2 CYCLOPEAN EYE OR MID-EYE POINT Midpoint between left and right eye points and/or left and right eyellipse centroids at centerline of occupant. 3.3 TANGENT CUTOFF PLANE Plane tangent to an eyellipse. NOTE: When projected at a specified angle or to a spe
40、cific target, a tangent cutoff plane may be considered a sight plane. In a two-dimensional view, a sight plane may be considered a sight line. See Figure D1 in Appendix D. 3.4 TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSE Three dimensional eyellipse derived as the perimeter of an envelope formed by an infinite number of
41、 planes dividing the eye locations so that P percent of the eyes are on one side of the plane and (100 P) percent are on the other. See Appendix D. 3.5 NECK PIVOT POINTS (P POINTS) Points about which a drivers head turns on a horizontal plane. See Figure 2. 3.6 NECK PIVOTS, P1 AND P2 Neck (head) piv
42、ot points used to position eye points for measuring the driver binocular obstruction due to A-pillars at the left and right side of the vehicle. See Figure 2. SAE J941 Revised MAR2010 Page 7 of 36FIGURE 2 - P POINT LOCATIONS RELATIVE TO 95TH PERCENTILE EYELLIPSE MID-EYE CENTROID WITH SEAT TRACK TRAV
43、EL 133 mm 3.7 NECK PIVOTS, P3 AND P4 Neck (head) pivot points used to position eye points for measuring driver field of view from rearview mirrors located to the left and right of the driver. See Figure 2. 3.8 EYE POINTS (E POINTS) Two points representing the left and right eyes of the driver, used
44、in conjunction with a Neck Pivot Point to describe specific viewing tasks. See Figure 3. SAE J941 Revised MAR2010 Page 8 of 36FIGURE 3 - NECK PIVOT POINT AND ASSOCIATED EYE POINTS 3.9 INCLUSIVE EYELLIPSE Eyellipse that contains a specified percentage of drivers eyes inside its boundaries. 3.10 Dimen
45、sions and Definitions in SAE J1100 a. H-POINT b. SEATING REFERENCE POINT, SgRP c. BALL OF FOOT REFERENCE POINT (BOFRP) d. ACCELERATOR HEEL POINT (AHP) e. H-POINT TRAVEL PATH, TH21, TL23 f. A19 SEAT TRACK RISE g. H30 SEAT HEIGHT h. L6 BALL OF FOOT REFERENCE POINT (BOFRP) TO STEERING WHEEL CENTER i. C
46、LASS A and CLASS B VEHICLES SAE J941 Revised MAR2010 Page 9 of 364. ADJUSTABLE SEAT 95TH AND 99TH PERCENTILE TANGENT CUTOFF EYELLIPSES FOR A 50/50 MALE/FEMALE GENDER MIX 4.1 Reference Anthropometry These eyellipses are based on the user populations described in Table 1. Driver eyellipses for a 50/50
47、 gender mix shall be used for designing Class A vehicles. TABLE 1 - REFERENCE ANTHROPOMETRY (NHANES III)(1)Gender Mean Stature mm Standard Deviation of Stature mm Males 1755 74.2 Females 1618 68.7 1. Source: U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Height for males (and fe
48、males) 20 years and older, number of examined persons, standard error of the mean, and selected percentiles, by ethnicity/race, age: United States, 1988-1994, obtained from http:/www.cdc.gov/nchs/. Standard deviations for each gender were estimated by dividing the difference between the 95th and 5th
49、 percentiles by the difference in z scores (3.29). The 95th and 99th percentile tangent cutoff eyellipses for a 50/50 gender mix are constructed from tables and equations given in 4.2 through 4.3.2. These eyellipses are applicable to driver and front outboard passenger seat locations.4.2 Axis Lengths Axis lengths are given in Table 2. See Figure 4. TABLE 2 - LEFT AND RIGHT EYELLIPSE AXIS LENGTHS (TRUE VIEW) Seat
