1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20591-1 SANS 50881:2007Edition 1EN 881:2004Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for hum
4、an consumption Aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) This national standard is the identical implementation of EN 881:2004 and is adopted with the permission of CEN, rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels. Published
5、 by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 50881:2007 Edition 1 EN 881:2004 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This
6、South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5140.19, Water, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in October 2007. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 881
7、 November 2004 ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 881:1997 English version Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) Produits chimiques utiliss pour le
8、traitement de leau destine la consommation humaine - Chlorure daluminium, hydroxychlorure daluminium et hydroxychlorosulfate daluminium (monomres) Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr den menschlichen Gebrauch - Aluminiumchlorid (monomer), Aluminiumhydroxidchlorid (monomer) und Aluminiumhydroxidc
9、hloridsulfat (monomer) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date list
10、s and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the respon
11、sibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irelan
12、d, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050
13、 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 881:2004: ESANS 50881:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 881:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page Fore
14、word3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Description .5 4 Purity criteria8 5 Test methods10 6 Labelling - Transportation - Storage11 Annex A (informative) General information on aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxid
15、e sulfate (monomeric) .14 Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety17 Bibliography 18 SANS 50881:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 881:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 881:2004) has been prepared by Techni
16、cal Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
17、at the latest by May 2005. This document supersedes EN 881:1997. Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 881:1997 are as follows: a) replacement of the reference to EU Directive 80/778 of 15 July 1980 with the latest Directive in force (see1); b) introduction of an annex B (nor
18、mative) giving general rules relating to safety; c) expansion of annex A by addition of A.2 “Quality of commercial product“. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belg
19、ium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SANS 50881:2007This s tandard may only be
20、 used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 881:2004 (E) 4 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this document: a) this document provides no information as t
21、o whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. N
22、OTE Conformity with this document does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this document is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. SANS 50881:2007This s tandard may only be used
23、and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 881:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document is applicable to aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) used for treatment of water intended for hu
24、man consumption. It describes the characteristics and specifies the requirements of aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) and refers to the corresponding analytical methods. This document does not apply to any polymeric form of these sa
25、lts (see EN 883). It also gives information for their use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of these aluminium salts (see Annex B). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For d
26、ated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 883, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride hydrox
27、ide sulfate. EN 1302, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Aluminium based coagulants - Analytical methods. ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use - Safety in sampling. ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use - Sampling Vocabulary. ISO 821
28、3, Chemical products for industrial use - Sampling techniques - Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps. 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name a) aluminium chloride (monomeric); b) aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric); c) aluminium chl
29、oride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric). 3.1.2 Synonym or common names a) aluminium chloride; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 133,3 for AlCl3. SANS 50881:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and f
30、reemailing clients of the SABS .EN 881:2004 (E) 6 3.1.4 Empirical formula a) AlCl3; b) Al(OH)aClbwith (a + b) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05; c) Al(OH)aClb(SO4)cwith (a + b + 2c) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05. 3.1.5 Chemical formula Variable (see 3.1.4). 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number1)a) 74
31、46-70-0; b) 1) a and b variable: 1327-41-9 with a less than or equal to 1,05; 2) a = 1, b = 2: 14215-15-7; c) a, b and c variable: 39290-78-3 with a less than or equal to 1,05. 3.1.7 EINECS reference2)a) 231-208-1; b) 1) 215-477-2; 2) 238-071-7; c) 254-400-7. 3.2 Commercial forms Aluminium chloride
32、in the form of hexahydrate is available as crystals. Liquid forms of aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are available as solutions or suspensions. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance The product is colourless to yellow. 1) Chemi
33、cal Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. SANS 50881:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 881:2004 (E) 7 3.3.2 Density The density depends on the particular comp
34、osition, especially the aluminium ion content, expressed as mass fraction of aluminium (Al ) in %. Typical values for solutions: a) aluminium chloride: 1,3 g/ml for 5,8 % Al; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: 1,35 g/ml to 1,40 g/ml for 9,5 % Al ; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 1,18 g/ml to
35、1,22 g/ml for 5,3 % Al; 1,18 g/ml for 4,2 % Al . 3.3.3 Solubility Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are fully miscible with water. NOTE Depending on the particular product, dilute solutions can hydrolyze and form a precipitate. 3.3.
36、4 Vapour pressure Not known. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa3)Not known. 3.3.6 Crystallization point Typical values for solutions: a) aluminium chloride: - 20 C for 5,8 %Al ; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: - 20 C for 9,5 %Al; - 20 C for 12,4 % Al; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 10 C to -
37、15 C for 5,3 % Al ; 5 C for 4,2 %Al . 3.3.7 Specific heat Not known. 3) 100 kPa = 1 bar. SANS 50881:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 881:2004 (E) 8 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) Typical values for solutions at 20 C: a) alumi
38、nium chloride solution: 10 mPa.s for 5,8 %Al ; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: 10 mPa.s to 50 mPa.s for 9,5 %Al; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 3 mPa.s to 10 mPa.s for 5,3 % Al . 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness N
39、ot applicable. 3.4 Chemical properties Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are acidic liquids which hydrolyse and form a precipitate of aluminium hydroxide when diluted beyond a particular level. NOTE Since aluminium compounds are amp
40、hoteric in nature, the solubility of aluminium depends on the pH value and the products should be used within an appropriate pH range. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This document specifies the minimum purity requirements for aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) an
41、d aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw materiel and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be no
42、tified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of these products should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, con
43、tents of other impurities and additives used in the products not stated in this document. Limits have been given for impurities and chemicals parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or
44、raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. SANS 50881:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 881:2004 (E) 9 4.2 Composition of commer
45、cial product The concentration of active matter (aluminium ion content) in the commercial product expressed as grams per kilogram of product shall be within 3 % of the manufacturers declared values. NOTE The concentration of water-soluble aluminium in commercial products varies. Typical values of al
46、uminium content in products can be between 42 g/kg and 124 g/kg. The commercial products vary in the proportions of chloride and sulfate ions. The relative basicity of these products expressed as the mole ratio OH/3Al shall be less than or equal to 0,35. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products Impuritie
47、s derived from the manufacturing or extraction process include insoluble matter, trace metals and organic compounds. Note If iron is present, it will usually be removed in the treatment process. 4.4 Chemical parameters The products shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. Table 1 Chem
48、ical parameters Parameter Limit mg/kg of Al type 1 type 2 type 3 Arsenic (As) max. 14 40 100 Cadmium (Cd) max. 3 50 100 Chromium (Cr) max. 30 700 1 000 Mercury (Hg) max. 4 10 20 Nickel (Ni) max. 20 700 1 000 Lead (Pb) max. 40 200 800 Antimony (Sb) max. 20 40 120 Selenium (Se) max. 20 40 120 NOTE Cya
49、nide (CN-) is usually not relevant because of the acidity of the product. Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not relevant since the raw materials used in the manufacturing process are free of them. For maximum impact of these products on trace metal content in drinking water see A.2 SANS 50881:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 881:2004 (E) 10 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling 5.1.1 General Observe the general recommendations of ISO 3165 and tak
