1、 Table of Contents Page Foreword . 2 Intellectual Property 2 Introduction 2 1 Scope . 3 2 Conformance Notation . 3 3 Normative References . 4 4 General. 4 5 Image Pixel Array and Mapping . 4 5.1 2048 1080 Image Pixel Array 4 5.2 4096 2160 Image Pixel Array 5 6 System Colorimetry 7 6.1 FS Colorimetry
2、 7 6.1.1 Encoding Primaries Free Scale Gamut(FS-Gamut) 7 6.1.2 FS-Log curve 7 6.1.3 Notation of parameter values . 10 6.2 RGB Colorimetry . 10 6.3 Color VANC . 11 7 Pixel Array Representation 20 7.1 FS-Log Pixel Array Representation 20 7.2 RGB Pixel Array Representation 20 Annex A Conversion between
3、 FS-Gamut Primaries and ITU-R BT.709, CIE XYZ (Informative) . 21 Annex B Flow Chart to Select Nonlinear Curve and Upper and Lower Three Coordinates of FS-Log Curve . 22 Annex C Bibliography (Informative) . 23 Annex D Document Road Map (Informative) . 24 Page 1 of 24 pages SMPTE ST 2048-1:2011 SMPTE
4、STANDARD 2048 1080 and 4096 2160 Digital Cinematography Production Image Formats FS/709 Copyright 2011 by THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS 3 Barker Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601 (914) 761-1100 Approved March 30, 2011 SMPTE ST 2048-1:2011 Page 2 of 24 pages Foreword SMPTE (the
5、Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) is an internationally-recognized standards developing organization. Headquartered and incorporated in the United States of America, SMPTE has members in over 80 countries on six continents. SMPTEs Engineering Documents, including Standards, Recomme
6、nded Practices, and Engineering Guidelines, are prepared by SMPTEs Technology Committees. Participation in these Committees is open to all with a bona fide interest in their work. SMPTE cooperates closely with other standards-developing organizations, including ISO, IEC and ITU. SMPTE Engineering Do
7、cuments are drafted in accordance with the rules given in Part XIII of its Administrative Practices. SMPTE ST 2048-1 was prepared by Technology Committee 10E Intellectual Property At the time of publication no notice had been received by SMPTE claiming patent rights essential to the implementation o
8、f this Standard. However, attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. SMPTE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Introduction This section is entirely informative and does not form an in
9、tegral part of this Engineering Document. This standard defines 2048 1080 and 4096 2160 image formats primarily for D-Cinema content acquisition and creation. These image formats may also be used for acquisition and creation of high quality content for other D-Cinema applications. This standard also
10、 defines the Color VANC which conveys the parameter values of user-defined color space and Log curve. This standard may be used in the creation of Computer Graphics and other D-Cinema applications related to the pre Digital Cinema Distribution Master (DCDM) creation. SMPTE ST 2048-1:2011 Page 3 of 2
11、4 pages 1 Scope 1.1 This standard defines a family of progressive sample structures of 2048 1080 and 4096 2160 images for D-Cinema content creation as defined in Table 1 and Table 2 in Section 5. This standard specifies: RGB color encoding and digital representation1 YCBCRcolor encoding and digital
12、representation RFSGFSBFScolor encoding and digital representation This standard also defines tristimulus values and reference white of Free Scale-Gamut (FS-Gamut), Free Scale-Log (FS-Log) curve and a Color VANC packet. The FS-Log curve has an affinity with the sensitivity of human eye and can specif
13、y a much wider dynamic range than the nonlinear curve defined in Recommendation ITU-R BT.709. The Color VANC carries tristimulus values, reference white and parameter values of the FS-Log curve. An auxiliary component A may optionally accompany RGB, YCBCRand RFSGFSBFS; these interfaces are denoted R
14、GBA, YCBCRA and RFSGFSBFSA. The “A” component if present, shall have the same characteristics as the G, Y or GFSchannel. Sampling structures supported by this standard include, 4:4:4:4, 4:4:4, and 4:2:2. Note: FS-Gamut and FS-Log are identifying names of the defined color space and the Log curve in
15、this standard. 2 Conformance Notation Normative text is text that describes elements of the design that are indispensable or contains the conformance language keywords: “shall“, “should“, or “may“. Informative text is text that is potentially helpful to the user, but not indispensable, and can be re
16、moved, changed, or added editorially without affecting interoperability. Informative text does not contain any conformance keywords. All text in this document is, by default, normative, except: the Introduction, any section explicitly labeled as “Informative“ or individual paragraphs that start with
17、 “Note:” The keywords “shall“ and “shall not“ indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the document and from which no deviation is permitted. The keywords, “should“ and “should not“ indicate that, among several possibilities, one is recommended as particularly suitable, w
18、ithout mentioning or excluding others; or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. The keywords “may“ and “need not“ indicate courses of action permissible wit
19、hin the limits of the document. The keyword “reserved” indicates a provision that is not defined at this time, shall not be used, and may be defined in the future. The keyword “forbidden” indicates “reserved” and in addition indicates that the provision will never be defined in the future. 1Througho
20、ut this standard, references to signals represented by a single primed letter (e.g., R, G, B, Y, CB, CRand RFS, GFS, BFS) refer to signals to which the transfer characteristics in Section 6 have been applied. Such signals are commonly described as being gamma corrected. SMPTE ST 2048-1:2011 Page 4 o
21、f 24 pages A conformant implementation according to this document is one that includes all mandatory provisions (“shall“) and, if implemented, all recommended provisions (“should“) as described. A conformant implementation need not implement optional provisions (“may“) and need not implement them as
22、 described. 3 Normative References Note: All references in this document to other SMPTE documents use the current numbering style (e.g. SMPTE ST 274:2008) although, during a transitional phase, the document as published (printed or PDF) may bear an older designation (such as SMPTE 274M-2008). Docume
23、nts with the same root number (e.g. 274) and publication year (e.g. 2008) are functionally identical. The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards
24、 are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards indicated below. CIE S 014-2/E:2006, Colorimetry Part 2: CIE standard illuminants ISO 11664-2:2007 IEEE Std 754-2008, IEEE Sta
25、ndard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-5 (04/02), Parameter Values for the HDTV Standards for Production and International Programme Exchange SMPTE ST 274:2008, Television 1920 x 1080 Image Sample Structure, Digital Representation and Digital Timing Reference Sequence
26、s for Multiple Picture Rates SMPTE ST 291:2010, Ancillary Data Packet and Space Formatting 4 General 4.1 An implementation of a system claiming compliance with this standard shall state: which of the systems of Table 1 or Table 2 are implemented; which of the signal representations are implemented (
27、RGB, YCBCR, RGBA, YCBCRA, RFSGFSBFSor RFSGFSBFSA); and whether the digital representation employs 10 bits or 12 bits. 4.2 A 12-bit codeword, when converted to 10 bits, shall either be rounded or truncated. A 10-bit codeword, when converted to a 12-bit codeword, shall have two padding bits added. 4.3
28、 The default values of the color space, reference white are defined in Table 3. Color VANC defined in Section 6.3 shall be used to carry user defined parameters of color primaries and FS-Log curve. ACT1 and ACT2 of the Color VANC indicate active color primaries, active nonlinear curve, active parame
29、ters of the FS-Log curve, etc. 5 Image Pixel Array and Mapping 5.1 2048 1080 Image Pixel Array 5.1.1 The sampling lattice shall be orthogonal and shall have a pixel aspect ratio of 1:1. SMPTE ST 2048-1:2011 Page 5 of 24 pages 5.1.2 2048 1080 systems shall have the maximum number of 2048 horizontal p
30、ixels and the maximum number of 1080 vertical pixels per frame. 5.1.3 The data numbering in horizontal pixels shall be from left to right and vertical pixels shall be numbered from top to bottom of the image to be displayed. The data numbering shall begin with 0. The top left sampling data shall be
31、expressed with (0, 0) and the bottom right sampling data shall be (2047, 1079) as shown in Figure 1. 5.1.4 The center of the image shall be located at the center of the 2048 1080 pixel array, midway between horizontal pixel number of 1023 and 1024, and midway between vertical pixel number of 539 and
32、 540. 5.1.5 This standard specifies multiple frame rates as shown in Table 1 with pixel depths of 10 bits or 12 bits. It is not necessary for an implementation to support all formats to be compliant with this standard. However, an implementation shall state which of the formats are supported. (2047,
33、 0)(0, 1079)2048 1080 image(0, 0)(2047, 1079)Figure 1 Horizontal and vertical pixel numbering of 2048 1080 progressive images Table 1 2048 1080 image pixel array and frame rates System No. System nomenclature1 2048 1080/60/P2 2048 1080/59.94/P3 2048 1080/50/P6 2048 1080/30/P7 2048 1080/29.97/P8 2048
34、 1080/25/P9 2048 1080/24/P10 2048 1080/23.98/PFrame rate (Hz)60601.0015030301.0012524241.0014 2048 1080/48/P5 2048 1080/47.95/P48481.0015.2 4096 2160 Image Pixel Array 5.2.1 The sampling lattice shall be orthogonal and shall have a pixel aspect ratio of 1:1. SMPTE ST 2048-1:2011 Page 6 of 24 pages 5
35、.2.2 4096 2160 systems shall have maximum number of 4096 horizontal pixels and the maximum number of 2160 vertical pixels per frame. 5.2.3 The data numbering of the horizontal pixels shall be from left to right and vertical pixels shall be numbered from top to bottom of the image. The data numbering
36、 shall begin with 0. The top left sampling data shall be expressed with (0, 0) and the bottom right sampling data shall be (4095, 2159) as shown in Figure 2. 5.2.4 The center of the image shall be located at the center of the 4096 2160 pixel array, midway between horizontal pixel number of 2047 and
37、2048, and midway between vertical pixel number of 1079 and 1080. 5.2.5 This standard specifies multiple frame rate formats as shown in Table 2 with pixel depths of 10 bits or 12 bits. It is not necessary for an implementation to support all formats to be compliant with this standard. However, an imp
38、lementation shall state which of the formats are supported. (4095, 0)(0, 2159)4096 2160 image(0, 0)(4095, 2159)Figure 2 Horizontal and vertical pixel numbering of 4096 2160 images Table 2 4096 2160 image pixel array and frame rates System No. System nomenclature1 4096 2160/60/P2 4096 2160/59.94/P3 4
39、096 2160/50/P6 4096 2160/30/P7 4096 2160/29.97/P8 4096 2160/25/P9 4096 2160/24/P10 4096 2160/23.98/PFrame rate (Hz)60601.0015030301.0012524241.0014 4096 2160/48/P5 4096 2160/47.95/P48481.001SMPTE ST 2048-1:2011 Page 7 of 24 pages 6 System Colorimetry 6.1 FS Colorimetry 6.1.1 Encoding Primaries Free
40、Scale Gamut (FS-Gamut) The FS colorimetry shall use the CIE XYZ tristimulus values defined in CIE S 014-2/E ISO 11664-2 ranging from 2.00000 to +2.00000. Default values of the primaries and reference white shall be as defined in Table 3 and is defined as FS-Gamut. Table 3 Default values of FS-Gamut
41、RFSprimaryGFSprimaryBFSprimaryReference white D65CIE x0.73470CIE y0.265300.860000.140000.10000 0.029850.31272 0.329036.1.2 FS-Log curve From the RFS, GFS, BFSor user defined Ruser, Guser, Busertristimulus values, three nonlinear primary components RFS, GFS, BFSor R, G, B shall be calculated accordin
42、g to the following FS-Log curve (Equation 1) and if necessary the upper and lower three coordinates defined in Table 4. Where nonlinear primary components L shall be 0 L 1. Table 4 Definition of FS-Log curve DefinitionL= Log10(L + ) + (Equation 1)Upper three coordinates(LC1, LC1), (LC2, LC2), (LC3,
43、LC3)Exposure RangeLB1 L LC1LC1 L LC3Lower three coordinates(LB3, LB3), (LB2, LB2), (LB1, LB1)LB3 L LB1Where, L shall be a linear tristimulus value multiplied by a kexpfactor as shown in Equation 2. L = Linear value kexp; kexpdenotes the exposure value (Equation 2)“a linear value” shall mean that eac
44、h value be linear relative to the amount of light. For example, GFS= 0.18000 denotes an 18% Gray and GFS= 1.00000 denotes light coming from a 100% reflector. The kexpvalue shall denote the overexposure and the underexposure, i.e., the kexpvalue of greater than 1 indicates the overexposure and the ke
45、xpvalue of between 0 and 1 indicates the underexposure. The default value of the kexpshall be 1.00000. SMPTE ST 2048-1:2011 Page 8 of 24 pages The FS-Log curve shall use the Equation 1 with L from LB1to LC1 and if necessary in combination with two nonlinear curves connecting the upper three coordina
46、tes of (LC1, LC1), (LC2, LC2), (LC3, LC3) with L from LC1to LC3and lower three coordinates of (LB1, LB1), (LB2, LB2), (LB3, LB3) with L from LB3to LB1as shown in Figure 3. LB1, LB2, LB3(LB1 LB2 LB3) and LC1, LC2, LC3(LC1 LC2 LC3) shall indicate the linear values and LB1, LB2, LB3and LC1, LC2, LC3sha
47、ll indicate the transformed nonlinear values, respectively. Each of the two nonlinear curves shall be applied only when Equation 1 can not specify the nonlinear characteristics of primary components and shall be a smooth function connecting each of the upper and lower three coordinates as shown in F
48、igure 4 and Figure 5. Parameter values of , , , as well as the upper three coordinates of (LC1, LC1), (LC2, LC2), (LC3, LC3) and lower three coordinates of (LB1, LB1), (LB2, LB2), (LB3, LB3) shall be defined within the limitation of having the value of L ranging from 0 to 1 and shall be carried with
49、in the Color VANC defined in Section 6.3. 0.50.01.0Nonlinear Primary Equation (L)FS-Log curve18% Reflector LmaxLminRelative Log Exposure Log10(L)Both upper and lower three coordinates (LC1, LC1), (LC2, LC2), (LC3, LC3) and (LB1, LB1), (LB2, LB2), (LB3, LB3) active(LB1, LB1)(LC1, LC1)LC3Both upper and low
