1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULOCTOBER 31, 20161UL 4143Outline of Investigation for Wind Turbine Generator Life Time Extension(LTE)Issue Number: 1October 31, 2016Summary of TopicsThis first issue of the Outline of Investigatio
2、n for Wind Turbine Generator-Life Time Extension (LTE), UL 4143, defines the requirements for thelife time extension of wind turbines.These requirements are intended to facilitate a wide spectrum ofassumptions and methods in the process of obtaining external conditions,technical characteristics and
3、the calculation of the remaining useful lifetime of wind turbines and the confidence level on failure mode to the riskdescribing the uncertainty in the used methods and procedures.Commercial aspect of wind farm operation is not covered by theserequirements.ULs Outlines of Investigation are copyright
4、ed by UL LLC. Neither a printed norelectronic copy of an Outline of Investigation should be altered in any way. All ofULs Outlines of Investigation and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regardingthose Outlines of Investigation shall remain the sole and exclusive property of ULLLC.COPYRIGHT 2016
5、 UL LLCUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULOCTOBER 31, 2016UL 41432No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .42 Glossar
6、y .43 Units of Measurement .54 Undated References 5CONSTRUCTION5 General 66 Requirements for life time extension certification 66.1 General .66.2 Step 1: Requirements for external conditions 66.3 Step 2: Requirements for operational conditions 96.4 Step 3: Requirements for wind turbine model .126.5
7、Step 4: Requirements for RUL (Remaining Useful Life) 136.6 Step 5: Requirements for the inspection 146.7 Step 6: Risk analysis 15Appendix AA1 Wind turbine control parameters b) Details of the site lay-out and change in layout;c) Assessment of complexity; andOCTOBER 31, 2016UL 41436UL COPYRIGHTED MAT
8、ERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULd) Assessment of obstacles.6.2.6.2 Measurement equipmenta) Details of met mast;b) Details of measurement equipment; andc) Description of data logging.6.2.6.3 Other informationa) Filtering and other data verificati
9、on analysis;b) Calibration details;c) Details of the extrapolation models including the model validation;d) Details of the wind modeling and uncertainties;e) Historical changes to the site/forestation; andf) Applicability of the measurements to past and future periods. In case of any possiblechanges
10、 to the site, these shall be considered in the extrapolation of data to future periods.6.2.6.4 Wind speed and wind directiona) General1) The wind speed shall be at least of 2 m/s bins;2) Wind direction shall cover at least 30 degree sectors; and3) The wind speed average shall be 10 minutes average.b
11、) Methods for long term assessment1) The long term measurements from met station along with an appropriate co-relationtechnique (e.g. MCP) may be used; and2) The methods used for long term assessment shall comply with the Wind turbines Part 1: Design requirements, IEC 61400-1.6.2.6.5 Wind speed dist
12、ribution1) Probability distribution function from Cut-in wind speed Vinto 0.7 X Vrefshall be used.OCTOBER 31, 2016 UL 4143 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL6.2.6.6 Turbulencea) Turbulence intensity values for 10 minute average
13、bin with 30 degree sector and 2m/s bin(minimum) shall be used; orb) The effective turbulence intensity calculations from wake may be used;c) The methods used for turbulence determination shall comply with the Wind turbines Part1: Design requirements, IEC 61400-1;d) In case of a complex terrain, the
14、site complexity shall be accounted in the turbulenceintensity calculation.6.2.6.7 Wind shear1) The wind shear shall be derived for each wind turbine location based on flow modeling ontwo (2) anemometers with a minimum vertical spacing of 20 m.6.2.6.8 Density, temperature, pressure and humidity1) In
15、complex terrains, more than two (2) sensors per measurement parameters shall be used.The minimum, maximum and mean values of density, temperature, air pressure and humidityshall be used.6.2.6.9 Flow inclination1) The flow inclination angle shall be used in 30 degree sectors.6.2.6.10 Electrical condi
16、tionsa) The grid conditions of the site shall be evaluated for possible impact on the loads andperformance of the wind turbines, following conditions shall be considered:1) Voltage/ frequency range;2) Total numbers of network outages during life time operation;3) Fault in currents during life time o
17、peration;4) Power factor control;5) Ramp rate;6) Fault ride through;7) Local grid compliance; and8) In case of other events like extreme temperature, earth quake, lightning, solarradiation, salinity, icing, hail or snow, possible impact on the loads and performance ofthe wind turbine shall be taken
18、into account.OCTOBER 31, 2016UL 41438UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL6.3 Step 2: Requirements for operational conditions6.3.1 Operational historical data of wind turbine(s) conditions relevant to the structural loading of the w
19、indturbine(s) in the wind farm shall be characterized in accordance with the list of parameters in AppendixA1.6.3.2 To assist in determining wind turbine(s) operational conditions SCADA data and, OEM records maybe used. The respective source shall be named.6.3.3 Where turbines are grouped in cells a
20、 representative wind turbine shall be evaluated for datacollection.6.3.4 The following information shall be evaluated as a part of the assessment:6.3.4.1 Generala) Source of the data (e.g. SCADA, OEM records);b) Material and software change logs;c) Selection of data for the representative wind turbi
21、ne(s);d) General description of the wind farm control and communication with the wind turbinecontroller; ande) The operational data of the wind turbine(s) including the load relevant events.6.3.4.2 Load relevant transient eventsa) Wind speed at hub height, at which the event has occurred;b) Total nu
22、mber of events; andc) Type/reason of event.6.3.4.3 Safety stopsa) Emergency stops (E-stops) and stops triggered by the safety system;b) Wind speed at hub height, at which the event has occurred;c) Reason for stops;d) Other operational parameters (power, generator speed) if applicable; ande) Total nu
23、mber of events.OCTOBER 31, 2016 UL 4143 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL6.3.4.4 Control system stopsa) Stops performed by control system;b) Wind speed at hub height during the stop;c) Reason of the stops (cut out wind, over sp
24、eed, grid loss, failure of communication etc.);d) Other operational parameters (power, generator speed) if applicable; ande) Total number of events (normal and abnormal stops).6.3.4.5 Start upsa) Number of startups;b) Wind speed at hub height during the startup; andc) Total number of events.6.3.4.6
25、Yaw misalignmentsa) Wind speed at hub height, at which the event has occurred;b) Total number of events; andc) In case there is no available data for the yaw misalignments, an justification shall beprovided for the assumed values.6.3.4.7 Power production dataa) Number of hours in full power producti
26、on;b) Annual energy production (AEP); andc) Measured power curve based on SCADA data for the representative period/wind turbines.6.3.4.8 Parked/idling dataa) Number of hours under idling condition;b) Wind speeds and wind direction during parked condition; andc) State of the grid connection during id
27、ling state.6.3.4.9 Maintenance and repair dataa) Maintenance report b) Report of major damages to the wind turbine(s);c) Report of replacements or repairs of components;OCTOBER 31, 2016UL 414310UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULd
28、) Special maintenance, if applicable; ande) Inspection reports.6.3.4.10 Grid related data on sitea) Annual number of network outages on the wind farm;b) Fault ride through methodology (if present);c) Voltage and frequency range related shut downs or disconnections;d) Ramp rate or power factor relate
29、d shut downs;e) Corrections in the operating strategy for grid suitability; andf) Other grid related shut downs.6.3.4.11 Other data (if applicable to the site)a) The applicability of the following special items for the possible impact on the loads andperformance of the wind turbine shall be evaluate
30、d based on the outcome of the site conditionsoutlined in Section 6.2, Step 1: Requirements for external conditions.1) Number of hours of ice accretion;2) Wind speed during the ice accretion;3) Methodology for ice detection and reaction of the wind turbine;4) Mass of the ice on the blades and the app
31、roach used to determine the mass;5) Data relating to the wind farm controllers interaction with the wind turbine controllerand effect on operation of the wind turbine;6) Earth quake;7) Lightning; and8) Storm.6.3.4.12 Control system related dataa) Description of the control system strategy (inputs, o
32、utputs, sensors, load reduction andoperational strategies);b) Current software version of the control system;c) Report of the modifications in control system software and the deviation of the parameters orlimits from the values considered in the design;d) Modifications in pitch converters (if any);O
33、CTOBER 31, 2016 UL 4143 11UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULe) Upgrade in the controller strategy; andf) Other changes in control system or safety system related items of the wind turbine.6.4 Step 3: Requirements for wind turbine
34、 model6.4.1 Step 3 focuses on wind turbine simulation model generation andb) Furthermore, a validation of the aerodynamic model (or the derived coefficients) bycomparison of the assumed geometry with published data base shall be carried out.6.4.4.4 Validation of structural model.a) To validate the s
35、tructure model, the 1st Eigen frequency of simulation and measurementshall be compared for tower and blade as a minimum.b) The risk analysis mentioned in 6.7 shall capture the extent of the model data validation.6.4.4.5 Load evaluationa) LTE requires that the load simulation model is validated by lo
36、ad measurements. Thesemeasurements shall be made on a wind turbine that is similar to the wind turbine underconsideration with respect to aerodynamics, control and dynamic response;b) Input to validated model shall comply with Section 6.2 and 6.3;OCTOBER 31, 2016UL 414312UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT
37、AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULc) The model validation shall comply with Wind turbines Part 13: Measurement of mechanicalloads, IEC 61400-13;d) Campbell diagram of whole wind turbine may be used to confirm the dynamic behavior ofthe system in simulation
38、model and wind turbine under consideration;e) Load time series generated from simulation shall be compared to MLC for relevant situationto confirm the dynamic behavior;f) DLCs fatigue loading level (including markov matrices and LDD) for the following componentshall be compared to MLC:1) Blade secti
39、ons;2) Blade root;3) Hub;4) Shaft (rotating and non-rotating);5) Tower top;6) Tower bottom;7) Tower sections.6.5 Step 4: Requirements for RUL (Remaining Useful Life)6.5.1 The RUL of the wind farm is calculated by representative sample of wind turbines RUL in each cells.6.5.2 The RUL of the wind turb
40、ine is defined by the RUL of the individual components in wind turbine.6.5.3 The relevant loading level (DEL, LDD etc.) as per below equation shall be calculated to determinethe remaining useful life of components. The RUL Criteria is calculated as shown below:FLdesign FLconsumed+FLRUL6.5.4 The RUL
41、for any critical components shall be derived by comparison of site specific component loadto their design load.OCTOBER 31, 2016 UL 4143 13UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL6.6 Step 5: Requirements for the inspection6.6.1 The repr
42、esentative wind turbine(s) used for the LTE shall be inspected for their critical componentshealth condition and functioning. See Appendix A3 for a list of components that are to be inspected.6.6.2 Further inspections shall be decided based on results from first round of inspections mentioned in6.6.
43、1.6.6.3 The following components as a minimum shall be evaluated as a part of the inspection:a) Over all wind turbine(s) condition;b) Damages on the following components/systems;1) Tower (sections) and foundation;2) Blade;3) Nacelle and hub;4) Bolt connections;5) Yaw system;6) Hydraulic systems;7) E
44、lectrical systems; and8) Gear box (through videoscopy).c) Wind turbine operation;d) Test of safety and control systems;e) Test of all operating states;f) Personnel safety aspects;g) Maintenance logs (including the track of the controller, pitch system software); andh) SCADA data for the correctness
45、check of operational data provided as given in step 2.OCTOBER 31, 2016UL 414314UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL6.7 Step 6: Risk analysis6.7.1 General6.7.1.1 A risk analysis shall be perfromed out to identify uncertainties in th
46、e calculation of the remaininguseful life time.6.7.1.2 Since the process of calculating the RUL is subjected to the uncertainty; accuracy of simulationdata shall be taken into account to derive the safe operation of wind farm based on RUL.6.7.1.3 All important steps to calculate the RUL shall be use
47、d to derive the failure modes.6.7.1.4 The failure mode shall be derived based on the important steps considered from step 1 to step 6.6.7.1.5 Based on wind farm history and operation condition relevant failure mode for wind farm shall bederived which may lead to different failure mode for different
48、wind farm.6.7.1.6 A justification to decrease the severity level or increase the confidence level on accuracy shall besummarized in a report.6.7.1.7 Operational safety, structural integrity and the personnel safety shall comply with Wind turbines Part 22: Conformity Testing and Certification, IEC 61
49、400-22.6.7.1.8 A justification of conditions for extended operation of the wind turbine based on risk analysis shallbe developed by the applicant. This may include but not only limited to replacements of any wind turbinecomponents, modifications in the operating strategy (e.g. de-rating, curtailment), repair,inspections/maintenance details and software updates.6.7.2 Risk analysis procedure6.7.2.1 A failure mode shall be derived for site according to 6.7.1.4, as a minimum the considered failuremode shall comply with appendix A4.6.7.2.2 Severity level in the scale
