(通用版)2020版高考数学大一轮复习第2讲命题及其关系、充分条件与必要条件课件文新人教A版.pptx

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1、教学参考课前双基巩固课堂考点探究教师备用例题,1.理解命题的概念. 2.了解“若p,则q”形式的命题及其逆命题、否命题与逆否命题,会分析四种命题的相互关系. 3.理解必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的含义.,考试说明,知识聚焦,真假,判断为真,判断为假,充分,充要,必要,对点演练,题组一 常识题,题组二 常错题,索引:命题的条件与结论不明确;含有大前提的命题的否命题易出现否定大前提情况;真、假命题的推理考虑不全面;对充分必要条件判断错误.,探究点一 四种命题及其相互关系,总结反思 (1)求一个命题的其他三种命题时,需注意: 对于不是“若p,则q”形式的命题,需先改写为“若p,则q”的形式; 若命题

2、有大前提,写其他三种命题时需保留大前提. (2)判断一个命题为真命题,要给出推理证明;判断一个命题是假命题,只需举出反例. (3)当不易直接判断一个命题真假时,根据互为逆否命题同真同假,可转化为判断其等价命题的真假.,探究点二 充分、必要条件的判定,总结反思 充分条件、必要条件的判定方法有定义法、集合法和等价转化法.三种不同的方法适用于不同的题型:定义法适用于定义、定理的判断性问题;集合法多适用于命题中涉及参数的取值范围的推断问题;等价转化法适用于条件和结论中带有否定性词语的命题问题,解题时常转化为原命题的逆否命题来判断.,探究点三 充分、必要条件的应用,【备选理由】 这里所选的例题都是对前面相关例题的补充,意在加深学生对命题、充分必要条件等相关知识的理解和运用,培养学生快速解题的能力.,

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