1、- 1 -双鸭山市第一中学 2018-2019 学年度上学期高一英语学科期末考试试题（考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：150 分）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AScientists are studying different foods, and they will see which foods protect us from cancer(癌症), and which cause it. It is known that a healthy
2、diet(饮食) will help keep a healthy body weight, which can also decrease the risk(风险) of many types of cancer.Fruit and vegetablesFruit and vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet. They can decrease the risk of some cancer types like mouth and throat cancer. They are a good source of many i
3、mportant nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and are an excellent source of fiber.Our adviceTry to get plenty of fruit and vegetables in your diet. Eating fruit and vegetables with a variety of colors will help you get many kinds of vitamins and minerals, as the chemicals that give th
4、ese foods their colors are good for you.MeatEating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk o
5、f cancer.Our adviceEat smaller and fewer parts of red and processed meat. Try using beans or peas instead of meat in your diet. When you cook meat, use low-temperature methods.- 2 -FatFat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other disea
6、ses. Meat is higher in saturated fat(饱和脂肪) and eating too much saturated fat may increase your risk of breast cancer.Our adviceTry not to eat too much fatty foods. In particular, try to cut down on saturated fat contained in fatty meat, biscuits, and butter. Try to avoid frying foods in lots of oil.
7、1. According to the passage, fruit and vegetables _.A. are an excellent source of fiberB. will help you get all kinds of vitamins and mineralsC. are an only necessary part of a healthy dietD. can increase the risk of some cancer types like mouth and throat cancer2. What can we know about meat from t
8、he passage?A. Eating processed meat is better than eating beans.B. Processed meat is a part of a healthy diet.C. Meat should be cooked at a high temperature.D. Eating chicken is better than eating sausage.3. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Saturated fat leads to breast cancer.B.
9、 Foods with fat will cause heart disease.C. A healthy diet should contain fat.D. Butter belongs to low-fat foods.【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇饮食健康类短文阅读。健康的饮食可以保护我们免受癌症，反之可能让我们容易患癌症。文章主要从水果和蔬菜、肉、脂肪三个方面告诉我们饮食中的注意点和建议。【1 题详解】- 3 -细节理解题。根据文章第二段 They are a good source of many important nutrients such a
10、s vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and are an excellent source of fiber.可知，蔬菜和水果是纤维的极佳来源。故选 A。【2 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段 Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sa
11、usage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.可知，吃加工肉类会增加胃癌的风险，而白肉，比如鸡肉，不太可能增加你患癌症的风险，所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。故选 D。【3 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容 Fat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases.可知，脂肪是我们饮食中必不可少
12、的一部分，所以推测出健康的饮食应该包含脂肪。故选 C。【点睛】推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题 2 中就是根据文章第四段 Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase(增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork an
13、d lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer.可知，吃加工肉类会增加胃癌的风险，而白肉，比如鸡肉，不太可能增加你患癌症的风险，所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。BMy folks bought their first house in the early 1940s after Dad got a better job in Marquette, Michigan. We lived j
14、ust inside the city limits in what was still a rural area.In the spring of 1948, when I was 6 years old, my parents bought a calf（小牛）to replace our cow, which had been killed the year before. So one day we drove to a local farm and returned with a white and brown calf we named Tubby.- 4 -We didnt ow
15、n a truck, so Tubby rode home in the backseat of Dads car with my 9-year-old brother, Steve, and me. As you can imagine, the trip was a lot of fun for us kids.Later that summer, Mom thought it would be cute to take a picture of me sitting on Tubbys back. All went well until the snap of the camera sh
16、utter sent Tubby charging off on a run, with me holding on for dear life.I lasted for about 30 feet before I hit the ground. Mom was quick enough to shoot a follow-up picture, so we had photos of me both on and off Tubby!When summer had passed, the day arrived for poor Tubby to fill our freezer. I m
17、ust have been somewhere else with my Mom on the fateful day, because I have no memory of how it happened. All I knew was that the barn was empty, and that we had plenty of meat for dinners.I hadnt lived on a farm like my mother, so I didnt understand that what happened to Tubby was not unusual. Live
18、stock arent meant to be pets, and most farm kids know and accept that truth.Whenever we had beef for dinner, I would tearfully, “Is this Tubby?” This went on for a couple of weeks until Dad had finally had enough and declared, “No more cows!” That made me feel a little better about poor Tubby.4. The
19、 writers parents bought Tubby so that _.A. the family would have enough meat to eatB. It would provide their children with milk.C. they would have more cows in the futureD. they would no longer feel lonely on the farm.5. Which word can be used to describe the authors mom?A. Serious. B. Strong-willed
20、.C. Careless. D. Quick-minded.6. We learn from the passage that _.A. Steve was not so fond of Tubby as his younger brother.B. the authors mom thought it natural to kill a cow for meat.C. the author had much trouble with Tubby in the summer.- 5 -D. the author was pleased to see their freezer filled w
21、ith beef.7. We can most probably read the text above in a website on _.A. pets B. educationC. diet D. animals【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者和一头牛之间的故事，虽然最终小牛被杀，但是作者还是很想念小牛。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 In the spring of 1948, when I was 6 years old, my parents bought a calf（小牛）to replace our cow,
22、which had been killed the year before.可知，买 Tubby （牛）是为了这个家庭有足够的肉吃。故选 A。【5 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段 Mom was quick enough to shoot a follow-up picture, so we had photos of me both on and off Tubby!中的关键词 quick 可知， “反应敏捷”这个词可以用来形容作者的母亲。故选 D。【6 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第七段 I hadnt lived on a farm like my mother, so I didn
23、t understand that what happened to Tubby was not unusual.可知，我没有像我母亲那样住生活在农场里，所以我不理解 Tubby 身上所发生是不寻常的。从而可以推断出作者的妈妈生活在农场，她认为杀牛是很自然的事情。故选 B。【7 题详解】推理判断题。本文讲述的是作者和一头牛之间的故事，故事的主人公是动物。所以可以推断出文章选择网站上“宠物”栏目。故选 A。CAn Indian movie about two sisters has become a huge hit in China. The Hindi language film, call
24、ed Dangal, has earned almost $170 million in China since its release there on May 5.Much has been written about why Dangal has enjoyed such big success in China. Some people say one reason is that the films star and producer, Aamir - 6 -Khan. He is famous in Indias Bollywood film industry. Two of hi
25、s earlier films were also big hits in China.Khans popularity was clear after he got more than 600,000 followers on the Chinese social media service Sina Weibo within two months of joining. But he is not the only reason that the film strongly connects with audience across China. Media has pointed out
26、 how it shows similarities between parental systems in China and India.Dangal is based on the true story of a man who enjoyed the sport of wrestling(摔跤). He competed as a wrestler, but never could achieve his lifelong dream: winning a gold medal. As a father, he wanted his son to win the medal. But
27、his wife only gives birth to daughters. So he finally decides to train them to be world-class wrestlers.The movie is more serious than most Bollywood productions, which tell happy love stories and include colorful music and dance performances.Edward Chan is a professor at the Hong Kong Polytechnic U
28、niversity. He says the strict way of parenting in the film is something people in China can easily relate to. “I think the father role described by the movie in India is quite to the culture, especially the traditional culture in China.“The Chinese government supported Global Times newspaper pointed
29、 that movie critics (评论家) in China did not like Dangal. Most of them agree with the fact that the father in the film was forceful in pushing his daughters to become wrestlers. But the film Dangal is really aimed to educate children to work for their dreams.8. Whats the main reason for the father tea
30、ching his daughters to wrestle?A. He wanted to punish them B. He wanted them to realize his goal.C. Few women took this sport. D. He loved them very much.9. What do most Chinese movie critics agree?A. The truth of the whole story was doubtful.B. The film Dangal was against the Indian traditional cul
31、ture.C. Indian films often have a bad influence on Chinese parents.- 7 -D. The fathers behaviour in the film Dangal was cruel.10. What can we learn from the text?A. Most films from Bollywood are serious.B. Indian parents roles are similar to those in China in some way.C. Daughters perform worse in s
32、port than sons.D. The films produced by Aamir Khan is not popular with Chinese.11. What does the author think of Dangal?A. Its unsuccessful. B. Its unknown.C. Its educational. D. Its relaxing.【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C【解析】本文是一篇影评。火遍全球的印度电影摔跤吧！爸爸你看过了吗？香港理工大学的社会学教授 Edward Chan 表示，影片中权威式的教育方式很容易让中国观众产生共
33、鸣。国内也有一些影评家不看好摔跤吧！爸爸这部电影。多数批评的矛头指向了父亲强迫女儿走上摔跤之路的事实。【8 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段 He competed as a wrestler, but never could achieve his lifelong dream: winning a gold medal. As a father, he wanted his son to win the medal.可知，影片中父亲想要自己的孩子实现他未完成的愿望。故选 B。【9 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 Most of them agree with the fact th
34、at the father in the film was forceful in pushing his daughters to become wrestlers. 可知，批评者认为影片中父亲迫使自己的孩子来实现他未完成的愿望，他的行为很残酷。故选 D。【10 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段 He says the strict way of parenting in the film is something people in China can easily relate to. “I think the father role described by the movie
35、in India is quite to the culture, especially the traditional culture in China.“ 可知，Edward Chan 教授认为印度文化的父亲角色与中国的传统文化非常契合，从而可以推断出在某些方面印度家长和中国家长类似。故选 B。【11 题详解】- 8 -推理判断题。根据 But the film Dangal is really aimed to educate children to work for their dreams.可知，作者认为摔跤吧！爸爸这部电影很有教育意义。故选 C。DOver the past 10
36、years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal fling vehicles closer to reality. The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a model of its flying bicycle. The company says its Hoverbike will be a truly personal flying vehicle.The companys marketing sales director Grant
37、Stapleton says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly and can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed.Safety was the companys main concern when developing the Hoverbike. The designers solved this problem by using overlapping rotors(重叠
38、旋翼) to power the vehicle. With adducted rotors(内转旋翼) the rider immediately not only protects people and belongings if he were to hit them, but if the rider ever were to crash into somebody or something, its going to bring the flying vehicle out of the air. The company is testing two models of the Ho
39、verbike.In New Zealand, the Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size model of its personal flying device, called Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1,000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.Peter Coker, one officer from the company said Jetpack “is bui
40、lt around safety from the start.” In his words, “Reliability(可靠性) is the most important part of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.”Jetpack uses a petrol-powered engine. It also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used if there should be
41、an emergency(突发事件). It opens at very low altitude(纬度) and actually saves both the flying vehicle and the pilot in an emergency.Mr. Coker says Jetpack will be ready for sale to the public by the end of 2019. He adds itll have a price of about $200,000.12. According to the text, the Hoverbike .- 9 -A.
42、 is ready for sale B. is difficult to controlC. is easy to carry D. is popular in England13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. How the Hoverbike flies. B. How models of the Hoverbike were tested.C. How the Hoverbike was powered. D. How the designers solved the Hoverbikes problem of safety.14. The
43、underlined word “It” in the sixth paragraph refers to .A. the petrol-powered engine B. the parachuteC. the vehicle D. the overlapping rotor15. Peter Coker attaches great importance to Jetpacks .A. safety B. speedC. market D. power【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要讲述一种个人飞行工具很快就会应用于现实。然而安全
44、性和强度一直是个大问题。文中介绍了两家飞器公司都关注安全性问题。【12 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段 The companys marketing sales director Grant Stapleton says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly and can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed.可知，这种车可以折叠和打包，所以方便携带。故选 C。【13 题详解】
45、段落大意题。根据文章第三段 Safety was the companys main concern when developing the Hoverbike.及内容可知，本段主要讲述设计师如何解决 Hoverbike 的安全性问题。故选D。【14 题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段 It also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used if there should be an emergency(突发事件).可知，Jetpack 上也有降落伞，可以在紧急情况下使用。由此可知， Jetpack 上的降落伞( 它 ) 是在非常低的纬度可以打开，it
46、指的- 10 -是 parachute 降落伞。故选 B。【15 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段 Peter Coker, one officer from the company said Jetpack “is built around safety from the start.” In his words, “Reliability(可靠性) is the most important part of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One ra
47、cing car.”可知，可靠性是最重要的部分，并且在实际结构中加入了安全性。说明了 Peter Coker 强调了 Jetpack 安全的重要性。故选A。【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题 3 要求猜测出 it的含义，就是根据前句 It also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used if there should be an emergency(突发事件).的内容，
48、可知，Jetpack 上也有降落伞，可以在紧急情况下使用。再结合句意：它是在非常低的纬度可以打开，从而推测出 it 指的是 parachute降落伞。第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ways to say “Happy birthday to me”Tomorrow is my birthday, and Im at an age when not everyone looks forward to cakes and presents._16_ It always makes me fee
49、l excited to be alive and grateful for my life and my family. So I think even if your birthday is a regular old day at work or home, there are some easy ways to raise it to the special occasion.Give a gift to someone else._17_ While everyone loves to open a birthday present, there is a lot of joy and goodness to be gained from being generous with others. Making a birthday donation (捐赠) to a charity that means something to you._18_. Try something new. Today is new to us. Why not enjoy the
