1、1专题 08 阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）1.【2018 年山东省青岛市】Some scientists say that animals in the ocean areincreasingly threatened(威胁) by noise pollution caused byhuman beings. The noise that influences sea animals comesfrom a number of human activities. It is caused mainly byindustrial underwate
2、r explosions(爆炸) , ocean drilling, andship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwaterearthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred
3、and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety five would have the same effect（效果）.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit （限度）of one hundred and twenty 2decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frigh
4、ten and confuse whales（鲸鱼）.A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales ability to exch
5、ange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed.Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific re
6、search. Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. Its time for them to take action to help ocean animals.22. Which of the following is not caused by human beings?A. The no
7、ise of industrial underwater explosions.B. The noise of ocean drilling.C. The sound of underwater earthquakesD. The noise of ship engines.23. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?A. The same noise measures differently on land and in the ocean.B. Different places may have different types of
8、noises.C. The noises can cause humans to lose hearing.D. There are different kinds of natural sounds in the ocean.24. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Powerful underwater explosions arent harmful to whales ears.B. Many researchers are against the noise limit of 120 decibels.C. Noises can
9、not cause whales death.D. The noise limit of 120 decibels would hardly influence the industrial research.25. According to the passage, we can infer that scientists will probably .A. work hard to cut down natural sounds.B. stop industrial and scientific research in oceans.3C. try their best to make n
10、o noise.D. protect ocean animals from harmful noises.【答案】22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D23. 根据 Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land.和后文可知主要讲水下分贝测量和陆地不一样；故选 A25. 根据文章讲述了噪音污染对海洋生物的伤害，科学家研究怎么保护海洋生物不受伤害。故选 D2.【2018 年安徽省中考】Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn
11、 the lights off for you, and self-driving cars will find the nearest parking space themselves? Although it might sound a lttle far from you, living in a “smart“ city like this could happen sooner than you think.Great changes have taken place in towns that we have lived in for centuries, while comple
12、tely new cities are being built. One such place is the city of Songdo. Every home there will have a “telepresence system(远程遥控系统)- allowing users to control the heating and locks, take part in video meetings, and receive education, health care and government services. Around the city, escalators ( 自动
13、扶梯 ) will only move when someone is on them, and offices and schools will all be connected to the system.The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco. In fact, technology companies around the world such as IBM, Siemens and Microsoft are already in the business.About 75% of the worlds popul
14、ation will live in cities by 2050, so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems. Making cities smarter is one way out, and I 4think this will in turn make cities greener, said Dan Hill, head of a research company.53. According to the text, living in a “smart“ city _A. is no
15、t a green way B. will be far from youC. will soon become true D. is completely impossible54. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. A city of the future. B. A meeting in Songdo.C. A plan to build a house. D. A report on public health.55. Which company offers the great mind to build Songdo?A. Cisco. B.
16、IBM. C. Siemens.yagnoOLED D. Microsoft.56. Dan Hill thinks that making cities smarter is one way to_.A. drive people out of cities B. control the worlds population C. develop his own company D. solve the cities coming problems57. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Future
17、Education B. Smart Cities C. Government Services D. Famous Companies【答案】53. C 54. A 55. A 56. D 57. B【解析】文章讲述了未来的智能城市的生活情况。3.【2018 年贵州省安顺】Toothpaste (牙膏) does more than just keep our teeth bright and white. It can be used wisely in many other ways. Here are some useful tips that can save us time and
18、 money. If you follow them, you will have a fresh smell of using toothpaste!Clean a Dirty MirrorIf you want to clean a dirty bathroom mirror, try to put a bit of toothpaste on the mirror 5and wipe it dry. The glass can be cleaned up beautifully. And doing this can also stop themirror from fogging. T
19、hen you can still see yourself in the mirror after taking a shower.Remove the Unpleasant Food SmellHave some bad food smell, like the smell of onions or fish, on your hands? You can remove it by washing your hands with toothpaste. Youll be fresh-smelling in no time.Make Your Sports Shoes WhiterThis
20、time, clean your sports shoes by yourself, not by your mother. Wipe some toothpaste around your shoes and then clean it with a wet cloth. See? Your shoes are white as new!41. What does the passage mainly tell us about?A. How to buy the toothpaste. B. How to choose the toothpaste.C. How to use toothp
21、aste wisely. D. How to sell the toothpaste.42. How many ways can you save your time and money by using toothpaste?A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.43. If there is some smell of fish on your hands, what can you do?A. Wash your hands with soap. B. Wash your hands with toothpaste.C. Eat some onions. D
22、. Brush your teeth with toothpaste.44. The passage doesnt tell us that .A. toothpaste can clean a dirty mirrorB. toothpaste can remove the food smellC. toothpaste can make your ring become new againD. toothpaste can remove fish smell45. Where can we probably find the passage?A. In a science magazine
23、. B. In an amusement magazine.C. In a history book. D. In a math book.【答案】41. C 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. A【解析】短文大意：牙膏不仅仅能让我们的牙齿保持明亮和洁白。它还有许多其它的用途。比如：清理脏镜子，去除难闻的食物气味，让你的运动鞋变得更白等等。642. 细节理解题。短文共介绍了三种牙膏的用途：清理脏镜子，去除难闻的食物气味，让你的运动鞋变得更白。故答案选 C。43. 细节理解题。根据“Have some bad food smell, like the smell of onions or
24、 fish, on your hands? You can remove it by washing your hands with toothpaste.”可知，如果你手上有鱼腥味，可以用牙膏洗手，去除异味。答案为 B。44. 细节理解题。根据表格第一栏的介绍可知，牙膏可以用来清理脏的镜子。根据表格第二栏的介绍可知，牙膏可以去除难闻的食物味道，或鱼的腥味，根据表格第二栏的介绍可知，牙膏可以让你的运动鞋变得更白。没有提到牙膏能让你的戒指重新焕发新的活力，故答案选 C。4.【2018 年贵州省安顺】Bike-sharing has swept across China, with an incr
25、easing number of people choosing bike riding instead of driving. The bike that the service company provides has GPS or Bluetooth on it. And those bikes can be easily unlocked with a smart phone and left anywhere in public. Bike-sharing allows people to borrow a bike from one place and return it at a
26、nother place easily.In some cities, we can see more and more people riding this kind of sharing bikes. Its very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smart phone. First, you have to download such an APPon your smart phone. Then what you need to do is to find a nearest bike 7through the APP, scan
27、 the QR code（二维码）on the bike or connect your phone with the bike over a Bluetooth wireless connection. You will find the bike can be unlocked itself.Then you can enjoy your trip. Whats more, the greatest advantage of bike-sharing is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it
28、. The cost of riding depends on the time that you spend. Normally, every hour you ride, you need to pay one yuan. It doesnt cost so much, does it?At the same time, some people park the bikes in their own homes. Besides, some people dont value the bikes. Now service companies are trying to solve the
29、problem like being stolen.Technology and science have changed our social lifestyles. We have to say bike-sharing brings us more convenience without doubt. And we also hope that people can not only enjoy it but also put it to good use.46. What do we know from the first paragraph?A. Most people in cit
30、ies dont drive.B. Bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular.C. Bike-sharing is invented in China.D. Sharing bikes can be borrowed everywhere.47. If you want to use a sharing bike, you must first .A. download an APP and pay for the tripB. have a smart phone and download an APPC. unlock the bike
31、and download an APPD. find a nearest bike and borrow it from anyone48. The underlined word “value” in Paragraph 4 probably means in Chinese.A. 喜欢 B. 收藏 C. 爱惜 D. 购买49. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?A. Bike-sharing is a kind of expensive transport.B. Sharing bikes are easy to
32、 unlock.C. Sharing bikes may be stolen.D. Bike-sharing is very cheap.50. Whats the writers attitude towards bike-sharing?A. Convenient. B. Doubtful.8C. Worried. D. Unnecessary.【答案】46. B 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. A46. 细节理解题。根据第一段句子“Bike-sharing has swept across China, with an increasing number of people
33、choosing bike riding instead of driving.”共享单车席卷中国，越来越多的人选择骑自行车而不是开车。可知第一段告诉我们共享单车正变得越来越流行。故选 B。47. 细节理解题。根据文中句子“Its very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smart phone. First, you have to download such an APP on your smart phone.”（如果你有智能手机，使用自行车非常方便。首先，你必须在智能手机上下载这样的应用程序。）可知，如果你想使用共享单车，你必须先有一
34、个智能手机并下载一个应用程序。答案为 B。48. 词义猜测题。上文提到有些人把自行车停在自己家里。结合下文中的句子“Now service companies are trying to solve the problem like being stolen.”（现在服务公司正试图解决这个问题，比如被盗。）可以猜测 value 的意思是“爱惜”，有些人不爱惜自行车。答案为 C。50. 细节理解题。问题：作者对自行车共享的态度是什么？A. Convenient.方便；B. Doubtful.怀疑；C. Worried.担忧；D. Unnecessary.不必要。根据最后一段中的句子“We hav
35、e to say bike-sharing brings us more convenience without doubt.”可知，作者认为共享单车给我们的出行带来了更多的便利。答案为 A。5.【2018 年贵州省安顺】“Let s go wrestling ,Dad!”( 摔跤吧，爸爸!) is one of the Top 10 movies recently. It tellsa true story about an Indian man and his two daughters. His names Mahavir. In real life, 9he is called“the
36、 father of India women wrestling”because thousands of girls across India have been supported to take up wrestling with his efforts.A very famous Indian actor, Aamir Khan, played the role of Mahavir in the movie. It was an unusual experience for him to play this role. Aamir Khan was very serious abou
37、t his character and he tried to make this character close to the true story. In order to act well, he needed to put on weight to be very fat and then do sports to be very strong in a short time.Aamir Khan started to eat a lot every day before making the movie. He ate at least 5 meals a day including
38、 much junk food. He became too fat to run quickly.It is simple to be fat but difficult to be strong. Aamir Khan invited many coaches to train him to lose weight and took him a few months to be strong. He must eat less and drink more. Strength training is also important. This kind of physical trainin
39、g is very boring. He had to lift different weights and do it over and over again. Aamir Khan set a goal to himself day by day and the minute he made it, he fell down on the ground and could hardly stand up. In the end, he became the exact person the movie needs.The role he played was very moving and
40、 he succeeded at last. As he says, the most important thing in life is not whether you can reach your goal but whether you have made the greatest efforts.51. From the passage, what is Aamir Khans job?A. A player. B. An actor. C. A director. D. A coach.52. Why is Mahavir called “the father of Indian
41、women wrestling”?A. Because he is a very famous Indian player.B. Because he played a role in the movie “lets go wrestling, Dad!”C. Because he supported many Indian women to take up wrestling.D. Because he became strong in short time.53. What is the correct order of the following things about Aamir K
42、han? He changed his eating habits and did sports to become strong. He was serious about the character and he needed to make great efforts. To be fat, he ate too much food. Finally, he succeeded.10A. B. C. D. 54. Which of the following is NOT true about Aamir Khan from the passage?A. “lets go wrestli
43、ng, Dad! ” is a true story about Aamir Khan himself.B. He became very fat at first and then lost weight in a very short time.C. In order to act well, he trained so hard.D. He tried to playa perfect role in the movie.55. According to the acting experience of Aamir Khan ,what can we learn ?A. Where th
44、ere is a will, there is a way.B. Practice makes perfect.C. Many hands make work light.D. The fatter,the better.【答案】51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. A51. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“A very famous Indian actor, Aamir Khan, played the role of Mahavir in the movie.”可知，Aamir Khan 是一名演员，故答案为 B。52. 细节理解题。根据第一段 His names Ma
45、havir. In real life, he is called “the father of India women wrestling” because thousands of girls across India have been supported to take up wrestling with his efforts.可知，Mahavir 被称为“印度女子摔跤之父”，因为他在摔跤这项运动中给予印度成千上万的女孩极大的支持。故答案为 C。53. 句子排序题。根据第二段第三句“Aamir Khan was very serious about his character and
46、 he tried to make this character close to the true story.”Aamir Khan 对他的这个人物非常认真，他试图使这个角色接近真实的故事。根据第三段第一句“Aamir Khan started to eat a lot every day before making the movie.”Aamir Khan 在制作电影之前每天都要吃很多东西。根据第四段二三两句“Aamir Khan invited many coaches to train him to lose weight and took him a few months to
47、be strong. He must eat less and drink more.”Aamir Khan 邀请了很多教练训练他减肥，并花了几个11月的时间让他变得强壮。他必须少吃多饮。根据第四段最后一句“In the end, he became the exact person the movie needs.” 最后，他成为电影中所需要的那种人。由此可知，Aamir Khan 对电影中的这个人物很认真，为了符合电影中的人物角色形象，他做出了很大的努力，为了肥胖，他每天都吃很多食物，为了使自己变得强壮起来，他改变了饮食习惯，每天做运动。最后，他终于成功了。按照文章叙述的顺序应为，故答案为
48、 D。54. 判断正误题。A 项，摔跤吧！爸爸是发生在 Aamir Khan 身上的真实故事，根据第一段第二、三句话 It tells a true story about an Indian man and his two daughters. His names Mahavir.可知，这是发生在 Mahavir 身上的真实故事。故 A 项表述错误。B 项，Aamir Khan 首先变得很胖然后在很短时间内减肥成功，根据据第二段最后一句 he needed to put on weight to be very fat and then did sports to be very stron
49、g in a short time 和第四段最后一句 In the end, he became the exact person the movie needed 可知，B 项表述正确。C 项，Aamir Khan 为了呈现演好自己的角色，进行了很辛苦的训练，根据第四段大意可知，Aamir Khan 为了回到电影人物所需要的健壮的壮年形象，在身体训练上付出了很多的汗水。故 C 项表述正确。D 项，Aamir Khan 尝试着去把这个电影角色演绎得很完美，根据第二段第三句话 Aamir Khan was very serious about his character and he tried to make this character close to the true story 可知，Aamir Khan 十分认真地对待这个角色，他尽他所能使这个角色能够更加贴近原故事。故 D 项表述正确。答案选 A。6.【2018 年湖北省恩施州中考】There is a town near Suzhou. It is very inter
