1、1Unit 1 Great scientists话题诵读 日积月累导语 霍乱是霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholera)引起的急性肠道传染病，具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点，是当今三种国际检疫传染病中的一种。CholeraCholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food.It is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera.It produces an enterotoxin(肠毒素)that causes pa
2、inless，watery diarrhea(腹泻) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration(脱水)and death if treatment is not given.Most people infected with cholera do not become ill，although the bacterium is present in their wastes for 714 days.When cholera does happen，more than 90% of cases are not severe and are diff
3、icult to tell from other types of diarrhea.Less than 10% of ill people develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without proper treatment of drinki
4、ng water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore，the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement
5、of the fluid and salt lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.People who develop severe diarrhea in countries where cholera breaks out should seek medical attention at once.In a word，to avoid cholera，w
6、e should develop a good habit.We should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.词海拾贝1bacterium n细菌2coastal adj.临海的；沿海的3fluid n液体 adj.液体的4mixture n混合；混杂5seek vt.寻找，探寻；追求问题思考True(T) or False(F)：1Drinking much water with sugar and salt is useless in the treatment of 2cholera.( )2In order to avoid chol
7、era，wed better eat cooked shellfish.( )答案：1.F 2.T自主预习 步步提高词汇识记.为单词选择正确的释义1suspect A向挑战2challenge B宣布；通告3conclude C责备；谴责4blame D认为；怀疑5announce E结束；推断出6expose F暴露；揭露；使曝光7contribute G小心的；谨慎的8cautious H捐献；贡献答案：1.D 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.B 6.F 7.H 8.G.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_ n特征；特性2_ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 ( n.)失败3_ n治愈；痊愈 ( vt.)治愈
8、；治疗4_ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心5_ vt.预见；预知答案：1.characteristic 2.defeat 3.cure 4.absorb 5.foresee.根据英语释义写出单词1_：to be present at an event2_：to have an idea that something is bad but without having definite proof3_：to make a connection between two or more things or people4_：to make something dirty5_：the part of sth
9、 used to open it；to deal with；to operate or control答案：1.attend 2.suspect 3.link 4.pollute 5.handle.选用短语的适当形式填空put forward；link.to；expose.to；suspect.of；apart from；lead to；draw a conclusion；be to blame；be absorbed in；make sense；be strict with1We had no desire to _ our plan.2We must _ this shameful act
10、ivity _ the newspaper.3The students sat in the classroom and _ reading English.4We consider that you _ for the accident.5They _ from the fact at last.6People often _ lung cancer _ smoking.7 “Youve often made the same mistakes.I will _ you from now on， ”the teacher said to Tom.8_ the cost，the dress d
11、oesnt suit me.39What he has said doesnt _I cant understand it.10The use of information technology could _ major progress for developing nations.答案：1.put forward 2.expose to 3.were absorbed in 4.are to blame 5.drew a conclusion 6.link to 7.be strict with 8.Apart from 9.make sense 10.lead to.领会句子所用的句型
12、并译成汉语1John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician._2Neither its cause nor its cure was understood._3So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak._4A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked t
13、he water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered to her house every day._答案：1.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。2人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。3每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。4有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。语篇理解课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1John Snow knew that cholera was not able to be controlled until its c
14、ause was found.( )2The first theory suggested that people took cholera into their bodies with their meals.( )3John Snow was once frightened to face the challenge and solve the problem of cholera.( )4The people who had been given free beer and not drunk the water from the pump were not attacked by th
15、e disease.( )答案：1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T.根据课文内容回答问题1Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?_42When the cause was found，what did the people do?_3Whats the extra evidence?_答案：1.Because neither its cause nor its cure was found.2They removed the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.3In an
16、other part of London，two other deaths were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.根据对文章的理解，将下面表格补充完整(每空一词)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”About choleraIt was a 1._ disease of its day.People didnt know its cause or its 2._.Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak.Two theoriesCholer
17、a spread in a cloud of dangerous gas.Cholera was 3._ into peoples bodies with their meals.The course of finding evidenceAs the disease spread quickly through poor 4._ of London，John Snow began to gather information.He found the outbreak was very 5._ in two particular streets.After further investigat
18、ions he discovered it seemed that the water was to 6._.When people didnt use the 7._ water，the disease slowed down，which showed that cholera was really spread by germs.8._ to prevent cholera from happeningJohn Snow suggested that the 9._ of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were
19、 10._ not to expose people to polluted water any more.答案：1.deadly 2.cure 3.absorbed 4.neighbourhoods 5.severe/serious 6.blame 7.polluted 8.Measures/Steps 9.source 10.instructed课文深层理解.根据课文内容匹配段落及其大意1Para. 1 AOffer solutions2Para. 2 BWhat caused cholera3Para. 3 CProvide two control theories4Para. 4 DC
20、ollect information5Para. 5 ECollect results6Para. 6 FAnalyze the result7Para. 7 GFind supporting evidence5答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.E 5.F 6.G 7.A.仔细阅读课文，选择最佳选项1The passage mainly tells us that _Athe cause of cholera was polluted waterBJohn Snow was a well-known doctor in LondonCthe source of all drinking wat
21、er should be examinedDJohn Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”2What was the key to John Snows discovery?AThe government.BThe woman who had moved away from Broad Street.CThe water company.DThe map made by himself.3At last， “King Cholera” was controlled by _Ausing medicines in ho
22、spitalBdriving patients out of the countryCdealing with the polluted waterDgetting rid of all kinds of pollution4What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?ACholera multiplied in the water.BPolluted water carried the virus.CA cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.DCholera could nev
23、er be controlled even though its cause was found.答案：1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B.根据课文内容回答下列问题1Was John Snow a devoted doctor? How do you know that? (Para.1)_2When did thousands of people die? (Para.1)_3What did John Snow do when the serious cholera broke out? (Para.1)_4What was the difference between the first t
24、heory and the second theory? (Para.2)_5How do you know that the outbreak was severe? (Para.3)_6What gave John Snow a valuable clue about the cause of the disease? (Para.4)_7Why did John Snow have the handle of the pump removed? (Para.5)_8How was cholera spread? (Para.5)_9Why did the woman have the w
25、ater delivered to her house? (Para.6)_610What was John Snows suggestion? (Para.7)_答案：1.Yes，he was.When many people were affected and died，John Snow decided to face the challenge and solve the problem.2Thousands of people died when another outbreak of cholera hit the city.3John Snow wanted to use his
26、 knowledge to help solve this problem/ John Snow decided to face the challenge bravely and defeat the deadly disease/ John Snow made up his mind to bring the disease under control.4The first theory suggested that cholera multiplied in the air and was absorbed through peoples noses，while the second t
27、heory suggested cholera was absorbed into peoples bodies with their meals./ The first theory suggested that cholera affected people by going into peoples bodies through their noses，while the second theory suggested cholera affected people by going into peoples bodies through their mouths.5More than
28、500 people died in ten days.6John Snow marked on a map where all the dead people had lived，which gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.7He had the handle removed so that they could not pump the water and so they would not drink the polluted water.8Cholera was spread by germs instea
29、d of a cloud of gas.9Because she liked the water from the pump very much.10His suggestion was that the source of all water supplied should be examined and people should not be exposed to polluted water any more.知识聚焦 讲练互动要点直击1put forward 提出(意见、建议、观点等)；提前；把(时钟)往前拨；推荐，提名(教材原句 P1)Who put forward a theor
30、y about black holes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？归纳拓展搭配 put sth forward（ put forward sth）提 出 某 事 ； 把 某 事 提 前 ； 把 （ 时 钟 ） 往 前 拨put sb forward（ as.）提 名 某 人 （ 为 某 职 位 的 候 选 人 ） )链接put down放下；镇压；写下put away收拾好；储存put.in force使生效put.into practice实施，实行put off延期put on穿上；上演；假装put out扑灭，使熄灭；生产put up举起；搭建；张贴；留住宿put up with容忍put
31、 aside把撇开不理，不考虑7即学即练用 put短语完成句子。John Snow _ a suggestion that people not be exposed to polluted water.Our sports meeting has been _ till next month because of the bad weather.They _ a notice there，saying， “Keep off the grass.”The fire was _ finally with the help of the firefighters.How can you _ suc
32、h a rude person for so long a time?Weve _ by one week.我们已把婚礼提前了一周。Remember to _ tonight.记住今晚把时钟指针往前拨。Can I _ as our club secretary?我能推荐/提名你担任我们俱乐部的秘书吗？答案：put forward put off put up put out put up with put the wedding forward put your clock forward put you forward2conclusion n结论；结束(教材原句 P1)Draw a con
33、clusion得出结论归纳拓展搭配 arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion得 出 结 论make a conclusion下 结 论 ； 结 束in conclusion总 而 言 之 )conclude vt.推断，结束 vi.决定，推断，断定Those are the facts，what do you conclude from them?这些都是事实，你能从中得出什么结论？即学即练完成句子。The expert _ that there were many people infected with cholera.这位专家断定许多人得了霍乱。
34、Without supporting evidence，we cant _没有强有力的证据，我们不能下结论。The meeting was expected to _ on Monday.会议预计在星期一结束。答案：came to the conclusion make a conclusion conclude3defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n失败(教材原句 P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 nU，C失败(1)Although there were lots of difficulti
35、es to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.虽然生活中有许多困难，但她从不让困难打败自己。8(2)Know the enemy and know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.知己知彼，百战不殆。易混辨析defeat/beat，win(战胜)词语 辨析defeat/beat 后只接人(宾语可以是 team，nation，opponent 等)win 后只接事或物，因为 win的宾语不是竞争对手，而是比赛、战斗、奖品等(宾语是
36、 game，war，prize 等)Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess.He won only one set，while I won two sets.昨天我和约翰下棋赢了他。他只赢了一盘，而我赢了两盘。即学即练完成句子。_，the Olympics are a platform for personal and national glory.不论是胜利还是失败，奥林匹克就是实现个人和国家荣誉的舞台。Do you still remember _？你还记得那两次失败吗？The problem _！这道题把我难住了！答案：In victory and
37、 defeat the two defeats defeats me4attend vt.照顾；护理；注意；出席；参加(教材原句 P2)John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。归纳拓展(1)v.照顾；护理；专心；注意搭配 attend（ on） sb照 料 /关 怀 某 人attend to sth处 理 /专 心 于 某 事 )Th
38、ere was no one to attend him but Tina.除了蒂娜，再无人照顾他了。Attend to your study and stop talking.专心学习，不要说话。(2)vt.出席；参加搭配：attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听讲座/上学He did not attend the meeting yesterday.昨天他没有参加会议。注意：作“照顾；护理”讲时，可用 attend，也可用 attend on/upon；作“出席；参加”讲时，attend 多作及物动词。助记 多义：attendat-(ad-，向)ten
39、d(伸)原义“伸向”：心向着某人或某9事为“注意；照顾” ；脚步向着某一地方为“出席；参加” 。搭配 attend to 处理(生意或个人事务)；接待(顾客)易混辨析join/attend/join in/take part in词语 辨析join 指加入某个组织或团体，如军队、团队、政党等attend 指参加会议或仪式，如参加婚礼、葬礼、典礼，或上课、上学、听报告等join in 侧重指与某人一起做某事，有 join sb in sth和 join in sth两种结构take part in 指参加有组织的活动等，并起重要作用(1)I decided to join the army.我决
40、定参军。(2)I attended the meeting，but didnt join in/take part in the discussion.我出席了会议，但没有参加讨论。即学即练选词填空：attend/join/take part in/join in。My father was Compelled to_ a revolutionary organization in 1938.Well _ social activities during the summer vacation.He will _ an important meeting tomorrow.Why didnt
41、you _ the talk?完成句子。Will you _ for a while while Im away?我要出去一会儿，你能不能帮我照看一下店铺？He told me that he had an important party _ that night.他告诉我那天晚上他有个重要宴会要参加。答案：join take part in attend join in attend to my shop to attend5expose vt.暴露；显露；揭露；使曝光；使遭受(危险等)；使接触到(教材原句 P2)But he became inspired when he thought
42、about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。归纳拓展搭配 expose.to.使 暴 露 于 ； 使 遭 受be exposed to暴 露 于 ； 接 触 )Dont expose babies to strong sunlight.不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。即学即练用 expose的适当形式填空或完成句子。She has the courage _ herself to danger.The student _ to English for about six years.
43、It is unwise _ by trying to perform music that is too difficult for you.10演奏对自己来说太难的乐曲而使自己难堪是不明智的。They consider it almost a crime _ violence and sex on TV.他们认为让儿童接触暴力和色情电视节目几乎是一种犯罪行为。答案：to expose has been exposed to expose yourself to expose children to6every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句。意为“每次就” ，与 each time相同(教材原句 P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。归纳拓展在 every/each time等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句用将来时态，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。可充当连词的名词词组：the瞬间名词(minute，moment，instant)the序数词time不定
