1、1Unit 2 English around the world话题诵读 日积月累The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes(部落)who invaded(侵略)Britain during the 5th century.Old EnglishThe invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages，which in Britain developed into what we now call Old
2、English.Old English didnt sound or look like English today.Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English speakers.However，about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots.Middle EnglishIn 1066，the Norman invaded and conquered Eng
3、land.They also brought with them a kind of French，which became the language of the ruling and business classes.For a period，the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French.In the 14th century，English became a main language in Britain again，with many French words added.This languag
4、e is called Middle English.Late Modern EnglishThe main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary.Late Modern English has many more words，resulting from two main factors：firstly，technology development created a need for new words；secondly，the British Empire at its
5、height converted one quarter of the earths surface，and the English language used foreign words from many countries.Now there are many other varieties of English in the world，such as Australian English，New Zealand English，Canadian English，South African English，Indian English and Caribbean English.词海拾
6、贝1arrival n到达2period n时期；阶段3class n阶层4result from 因发生；随产生5create v. 生产；制造问题思考1The main idea of the text is _.答案：the history of the English language2When is English called Middle English?_答案：In the 14th century.3Whats the main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English?_答案：Vocabu
7、lary.自主预习 步步提高2词汇识记.将单词与其正确释义配对1official adj. A本身；本体；身份2native adj.&n. B常常；频繁地3actually adv. C官方的；正式的；公务的4base vt.& n. D逐渐地；逐步地5gradually adv. E流利的；流畅的6vocabulary n. F以为根据；基部；基地；基础7spelling n. G拼写；拼法8identity n. H本国的；本地的；本地人；本国人9fluent adj. I实际上；事实上10frequently adv. J词汇；词汇量；词表答案：1.C 2.H 3.I 4.F 5.D
8、6.J 7.G 8.A9E 10.B.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_ adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的2_ n. 航行；航海3_ adj. 本国的；本地的 n本国人；本地人4_ adv. 事实上；实际上5_ vt. 以为根据 n基部；基础；基地6_ adj. 逐渐的；逐步的_adv. 逐渐地；逐步地7_ adj. 较后的；(两者中)后者的；后半的8_ n. 本身；本体；身份9_ adj. 流利的；流畅的_adv. 流利地；流畅地10_ adj. 频繁的；常见的_adv. 常常；频繁地答案：1.official 2.voyage 3.native 4.actually 5.base6gradual
9、 gradually 7.latter 8.identity 9.fluent fluently 10.frequent frequently.根据汉语提示写出正确的单词1This _(后者的) point was important.2The ship Titanic sank on its first_(航行)3They bought some new furniture to furnish their new_(公寓)4This tree looks high and strong but_(实际上) its trunk is hollow.5If your_(词汇) is small
10、，you will be bad in English.6She received several_(正式的) letters this morning.7The_(身份) of the killer is still unknown.8She was born in Germany and her_(本国的)language is German.答案：1.latter 2.voyage 3.apartment 4.actually5vocabulary 6.official 7.identity 8.native.根据语境选词填空1She has a _English and can spe
11、ak English _，for which we all 3admire her very much.(fluently/fluent)2Losing weight is a slow，_ process，so_she has become slimmer and slimmer.(gradually/gradual)3The_of the word is difficult，but the correct pronunciation of it can help to_it.(spell/spelling)4Our efforts are beginning to have an_effe
12、ct，and _the effect has made a great difference.(actual/actually)5He is a _ visitor to the house；that is，he visits the house_(frequent/frequently)6It is the responsibility of every person to keep certain _ principles，which means every action should be_ on a certain principle.(based/basic)答案：1.fluent
13、fluently 2.gradual gradually 3.spelling spell 4.actual actually 5.frequent frequently6basic based语篇理解.Skimming for the main information1What does the passage tell us?AThe brief history of the English language.BThe Modern English based more on German.CThe old English based more on French.DEnglish spo
14、ken in English.答案：A2Find out the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1_ AAll languages change when cultures communicate with one another.So does English.Para.2_ BHow English spread(传播) in the past.Para.3_ CNative English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of Englis
15、h.Para.4_ DBy the 19th century，two big changes in English spelling happened.Para.5_ EEnglish is spoken in many countries.答案：Para.1B Para.2C Para.3APara.4D Para.5E.Scanning for detailed information1How was the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150?AIt was the same as the English spo
16、ken at present.BIt was more like French.CIt was based more on German.DIt was more like Danish.2Why was Shakespeare able to make use of a wider vocabulary by the 1600s?ABecause new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.BBecause Shakespeare made up many new words.4CBecau
17、se British settlers moved to different countries.DBecause a new dictionary was written.3What happened to American English in the 19th century?AIt became more like British English.BIt became more like German.CIt had its own dictionary.DIts spelling was given a separate identity.4Which of the followin
18、g is NOT true?AEnglish is one of the official languages in India.BEnglish developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.CChina has the largest number of English speakers.DNow more people speak English as their first，second or a foreign language.答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C.Intensive reading to finish
19、 the passageAt the end of the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from 1._They were native speakers.Today，the largest 2._ of people speaking English may be in China.A lot of Chinese people speak English 3._their foreign language.The 4._ language has changed quite a lot over the last four
20、 centuries.Old English sounded more like German for it was 5._on German，but modern English 6._ more like French than German because England was once ruled by the French.Those settlers 7._the language, so Shakespeare could make use of a wider 8._ by the 1600s.Two people had great effects on the Engli
21、sh settlement.One was Samuel Johnson, who wrote his 9._，and the other was Noah Webster, who later wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language, which gave American English its own 10._答案： 1.England 2.number 3.as 4.English5based 6.sounds 7.enriched 8.vocabulary9dictionary 10.identity阅读素养提升Wh
22、y do you think people all over the world want to learn English？(various answers)_答案：They may include any of these reasons：to use computers and the Internet，to trade，to learn in Western universities，to read academic journals，etc.精读难句透析1At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1
23、150 was very different from the English spoken today.分析：此句为复杂的简单句。句中“_”及“spoken today”皆为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰先行词“_” 。5译文：_答案：spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150the English译文：最初，英格兰人在大约公元 450年到 1150年之间所说的英语与我们今天所说的英语很不一样。2Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became less like Germ
24、an because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.分析：此句为主从复合句。_引导了原因状语从句。在状语从句中又含有_引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“_” ，且在从句中充当主语。译文：_答案：because who those译文：然后，渐渐地，大约在公元 800年到 1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了，因为那时的英国统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。知识聚焦 讲练互动要点直击1Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? 你知道有不止一种英语吗
25、？归纳拓展（1）more than one单数名词，意为“不止一个” ，在语意上虽为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（3）more.than.比更，与其说倒不如说（4）rather than 而不是(1)_ late for class this morning.今天早晨不止一个学生迟到了。(2)He is _ a friend to me.He is also my teacher.他不仅是我的朋友，他还是我的老师。(3)We are _ to help you.我们非常乐意帮助你。(4)He is _ lucky _ clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。答案：(1)More tha
26、n one student was (2)more than(3)more than glad (4)more than即学即练完成句子。(1)Do you need any help，Lucy?Yes.The job is _(超出了我力所能及的范围)单句语法填空。6(2)More than one question _(raise) at the meeting last week.(3)What we expect from you is working hard _ hardly working.答案：(1)more than I could do myself (2)was rais
27、ed(3)rather than2It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而我们现在所说的英语则不是。归纳拓展(1)be based on/upon以为基础；依据base.on/upon.把建立在基础之上(2)at the base of 以为基点；在的底部as a base for 作为的素材(3)basic adj.基本的；基础的(1)One should always _ his opinion _ facts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。(2)We c
28、amped _ the mountain.我们在山脚下安营。(3)Our companys _ is in Beijing.我们公司总部在北京。即学即练用 base短语的适当形式填空。(1)You should _ your conclusion _ careful research.(2)I found some white flowers _ the monument.(3)The TV play，which _ a detective novel，is very popular with young people.归纳拓展be present at出席at presentat the p
29、resent time 目前；现在for the present目前；暂时(4)_ they are living in the country.目前他们住在乡下。(5)Many experts _ the meeting.许多专家出席了这次大会。(6)I cant remember her name _我一时想不起她的名字了。(7)The man _ the meeting is the present president of our country.出席会议的那个人是我们的现任总统。答案：(1)base on (2)at the base of(3)base (4)At present(
30、5)were present at (6)for the present (7)present at名师点津：present 意为“目前的”时，常用作前置定语；意为“在场的”时，常用作后置定语。联想“出席与缺席”的相关词汇：present adj. 出席的；在场的；现在的；当前的presence n出席；存在；到场7absent adj. 缺席的；缺乏的；不在的absence n. 不在；缺席；缺乏即学即练用适当的介词填空。(4)We dont know how many people will be present _ the meeting _ the present.(5)How man
31、y people have been presented with the Nobel Peace Prize _ the present time?同义词语替换。(6)Please dont worry.Your son is all right now_(7)How many people attended the meeting?_(8)Flowers were_given_to all the dancers._答案：(1)base on (2)at the base of (3)is based on(4)at for (5)at (6)at present (7)were pres
32、ent at(8)were presented to3Id like to come up to your apartment.我乐意去你的公寓。归纳拓展come up 走进；上来；提出come up with 提出；想出；找到come on 快点；加油come across 偶遇，碰到come out 出来；出版；开花形象记忆图解 come up(1)His name has_ a lot.他的名字被多次提到。(2)When the sun _，the heavy fog disappeared gradually.当太阳升起，浓雾就渐渐地消失了。(3)Scientists have _ a
33、 shocking idea.科学家们已提出了一个令人震惊的想法。答案：(1)come up (2)came up (3)come up with名师点津：come up 表示被“提及” ，其主语是被提出的内容，主动形式表示被动含义；come up with“提出” ，其主语是提出动作的发出者，后面的宾语才是被提出的内容。即学即练用适当的介、副词填空。(1)Ive never come_ such an experience in my time.(2)They came up_a cure for the disease.8(3)The dictionary is being printed
34、 and it will soon come_(4)Come _please.Only a few minutes left.答案：(1)across (2)with (3)out (4)on4So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到 17世纪时，莎士比亚能够使用比以往任何时候都要丰富的词汇量。归纳拓展make use of 利用；使用make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用make the best of 充分利
35、用make the most of 充分利用(1)We should _ our spare time to study.我们应该利用我们的业余时间去学习。(2)Ten minutes has been _ to study the problem.充分利用 10分钟的时间来研究这个问题。答案：(1)make use of (2)made full use of名师点津：make use of 的常见变形(1)把 use 提前使用被动语态。(2)把 use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。(3)把 make use of的宾语提前作主语，此短语用被动语态。即学即练完成句子。(1)We shoul
36、d _ the Internet when we do research work.我们做研究工作时应当充分利用因特网。单句改错。(2)Thats the best use that we made for money._(3)Her vast experience will be made full use by us._答案：(1)make full/good use of (2)forof (3)use 与 by之间加 of5For example，India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Brita
37、in ruled India from 1765 to 1947.比如，由于英国在 1765至 1947年间统治着印度，所以印度有很大一部分人会讲一口流利的英语。归纳拓展a number of“许多，大量的” ，和复数名词连用。当它出现在主语前时，谓语动词用复数形式。还可以在 number 前加上形容词 great，large，small 等表示程度。the number of “的数量” ，修饰可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。_ professors _ present today；_ them _600.许多教授今天都在场，他们的数量有 600人。答案：A number of are the
38、 number of is即学即练用 a number of，the number of 填空。9(1)We have lived here for _ years.(2)There are _ students in the school，but I dont know _ the girls among them.用所给词的适当形式填空。(3)The number of the students _(keep)rising these years，and a number of them _(come) from countryside.答案：(1)a number of (2)a num
39、ber of the number of(3)keeps come6Can you find the following command and request from Reading?你能从“阅读”中找到下列的命令和要求吗？归纳拓展(1)have a good command of掌握；精通(尤指语言)be in command of掌握；控制at sbs command听某人支配(2)command sb to do sth命令某人做某事command that.(should) do sth命令(1)Besides，I have such a good command of Engli
40、sh that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.另外，我的英语掌握得很好，被选为英语老师的助手。(2)The police _ the messy situation now.警察现在已控制住了混乱的形势。(3)He has a great number of English idioms _他掌握了大量的英语成语。(4)He _ the work in an hour.He _ that we_ the work in an hour.他命令我们一个小时内完成这个工作。即学即练单句语法填空。(1)He commanded tha
41、t all the copies of the book _ (destroy)(2)Li Ping often watches English TV news in her spare time.No wonder she has _good command of English.(3)He commanded the rescue team _(climb) over the mountain in two hours.归纳拓展(1)at sbs requestat the request of sb应某人之要求make a request/requests for.请求；要求(2)req
42、uest sb to do sth请求某人做某事request sth from/of sb向某人要求某物request that.(should)do sth请求It is requested that.(should)do sth据要求(5)He came to attend the party _10他应她的邀请来参加宴会。(6)You can talk to the robot，ask it questions，and _ it to perform different tasks.你可以和机器人谈话，问问题，还可以要求它执行不同的任务。(7)My parents requested
43、that I _ a second foreign language.My parents requested me _ a second foreign language.我父母要求我再学一门外语。答案：(2)are in command of (3)at his command(4)commanded us to finish commanded (should) finish(5)at her request/at the request of her(6)make requests for (7)should learn to learn即学即练单句语法填空。(4)Now I come
44、 here _ the request of Smith to assist him in finishing the work.(5)The request was that we _(leave)as fast as we could.(6)They made _request for more food and clothes.答案：(1)be destroyed (2)a (3)to climb (4)at(5)should leave (6)a7Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。归纳拓展常见的插入语：to tell(you) the truth (跟你)说实话to be honest/exact 老实说/准确地说g
