1、1Unit 4 Pygmalion李仕才一、阅读理解。Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published on Monday. In the first study of its kind, a team of international researchers looked into the damage caused by one of the pollutants that have the sever
2、est impact on healthPM 2. 5. They found that Vitamin B supplement could effectively reduce the impact of the tiny particles(颗粒)on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. According to the WHO, 92% of the worlds people are living in places where the PM 2. 5 le
3、vel goes beyond the recommended level. So its urgent to find a solution to the problem. According to this study, published in the PNAS, 10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo(安慰剂)to check their baseline responses. The group then kept on taking placebos for four weeks b
4、efore being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto, where an estimated 1, 000 cars passed every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2
5、. 5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of Vitamin B6, and 1 mg of Vitamin B12. Vitamin B6 can be found in liver, chicken, nuts and other things, and Vitamin B12 in fish, meat, eggs, milk and some cereals. The researchers found that four weeks of Vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM 2. 5 effects by 28
6、-76%. The results emphasized how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight against the damage of PM 2. 5, the researchers said. 【文章大意】本文主要通过一些实验告诉我们维生素 B对减轻 PM 2. 5对身体的伤害有什么样的功效。1. Whats the newly discovered effect of Vitamin B in Paragraph 1? A. It can be used to replace other vitami
7、ns in our daily life. B. It can help lower the air pollution level in the open air. 2C. It can reduce the impact of PM 2. 5 on human bodies. D. It can get rid of the pollutants remaining in our bodies. 【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据第一段“Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the most dangerous type of air poll
8、ution, according to a new study published on Monday. ”, 可知维生素 B可以减少造成空气污染的危险物质的影响, 而后一句又提到了对健康危害最大的危险物质是 PM 2. 5, 故选 C。2. What can be learned from the second paragraph? A. Further study about the effect of Vitamin B needs to be done. B. Vitamin B is the most important to humans health. C. The tiny p
9、articles in the air are made up of PM 2. 5. D. 92% of the worlds people are affected by PM 2. 5. 【解析】选 A。细节理解题。根据第二段“. . . although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. ”可知关于维生素 B的功效的研究还处于初期阶段, 所以仍需进一步的研究探索。3. How did researchers draw the new conclusion about Vitamin B? A. By ref
10、erring to a journal. B. By performing experiments. C. By interviewing scientists. D. By comparing vitamins. 【解析】选 B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2. 5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of Vitamin B6, and 1 mg of Vitamin B12.
11、 ”, 中的 experiment表明研究者是通过做实验得出新的结论的。4. You may read the passage on a website about _. A. environment B. medicineC. education D. health【解析】选 D。推理判断题。本文主要通过一系列实验告诉我们维生素 B可以减轻 PM 2. 5对我们身体的伤害, 主题围绕着健康展开, 故选 D。二、单句语法填空31We had no _ (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the
12、 country.答案：hesitation have no hesitation in doing . “毫不犹豫地做” 。2_ (classify) so many books in libraries usually takes them lots of time.答案：Classifying 句子中缺少主语，且指一般性情况，故应填动名词classifying，在句中作主语。3Generally _ (speak), youths of eighteen are too young for such work.答案：speaking generally speaking “一般来说” 。
13、4What you said has led to the _(mistake) belief that smoking is not harmful.答案：mistaken 修饰名词 belief应用形容词，故填 mistaken “错误的” 。5The school makes it clear that essays from online should not be passed off _being written by the students.答案：as pass . off as . “把看作或冒充成” 。6_if we invited them to come here fo
14、r a party instead?答案：What 固定句式 what if “倘使/如果将会怎样？” 。7Parents should teach their children to behave _(proper) in public.答案：properly 此处应用副词来修饰动词 behave, 故填properly。8They made rude _(remark) about her appearance.答案：remarks make remarks/a remark about . “对发表评论” 。9The information you gathered is _ great
15、 help to me.答案：of “of抽象名词”相当于其对应的形容词，of great helpvery helpful “非常有帮助” 。10_(take) according to the instructions, the medicine has no side effect.答案：Taken 所给动词与其逻辑主语 medicine之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。三、完形填空。I was surprised when I received a short message from my father wishing me a happy birthday.4I had _1_
16、to hear from my mother, my grandmother and my other relatives _2_ never from my father. Lying in bed, _3_ of my father flooded back.When I was a little boy, I regarded my father as a(n) _4_ able to do anything. _5_ ，things slowly began to _6_. The more I learned, the more I doubted what he said. The
17、 gap between us grew and, at last, I didnt _7_ like communicating with him.My father, in my mind, had no _8_ in talking with me. Dinner was the only time we were together. He had no time to watch TV with me. He would tell me to ask my mother _9_ I needed something. He even refused to answer my _10_
18、when I phoned from school. I _11_ the changes. I thought that perhaps my father no longer _12_ me.Over time, however, I began to wonder whether my _13_ was right. One day, my mother told me that each time I called, father was _14_ listening beside her. Suddenly, I hated myself for my _15_ behavior t
19、oward him.I planned thousands of times to _16_ my father. In the end, however, I was always too embarrassed about what I had done.But that Saturday, I was so _17_ by his short message. I realized then that my fathers love for me had never disappeared! I decided to send a _18_ ：“Thank you, my dear fa
20、ther.”Two days later, when I returned home, my mother told me that my father had been so _19_ when he received my reply. She said he had _20_ from morning till night. At that moment, I felt truly happy.【文章大意】 作者回忆了自己与父亲关系的变化，体会到了父亲对他的爱从未消失过。1A.expected Bintended Cplanned Dwanted答案与解析：A 根据第一段“I was s
21、urprised when I received a short message from my father.”及下文对自己与父亲之间关系的描述可知，作者预想到会收到母亲、外婆和其他亲属的来信，但从未期待过会收到来自父亲的问候。expect 意为“期待” ，故选 A项。intend 意为“想要；打算” ；plan 意为“计划” ；want 意为“想要” 。2A.and Bso Cbut Dor答案与解析：C根据设空后的“never from my father”可知，作者从未期待过收到5来自父亲的问候，上下文之间为转折关系，故用 but连接。3A.opinions Bmemories Cth
22、oughts Dresponses答案与解析：B根据空后的“flooded back”及下一段中“When I was a little boy.”可知，关于父亲的记忆(memories)涌入脑海中。故选 B项。opinion 意为“意见；看法” ；thought 意为“想法” ；response 意为“反应；答复” 。4A.angel Bteacher Chero Dfriend答案与解析：C 根据空后的“able to do anything”可知，作者小时候认为父亲是一个无所不能的英雄(hero)。故选 C项。5A.However BOtherwise CTherefore DBesid
23、es答案与解析：A 作者小时候认为父亲是英雄，后来学到的东西越多，作者越怀疑父亲说的话，上下文之间为转折关系，故选 A项。6A.improve Bchange Cdevelop Dappear答案与解析：B 句意为：然而，情况慢慢开始发生了变化(change)。故选 B项。7A.still Bever Cyet Deven答案与解析：D 随着年龄的增长，作者与父亲之间的隔阂越来越深，甚至不喜欢与父亲交流。设空处用 even表递进关系，故选 D项。8A.interest Btime Cchance Dcourage答案与解析：A 根据下文可知，作者的父亲不会和他一起看电视甚至有时候会拒接电话，因
24、此，作者认为父亲没有兴趣(interest)与他聊天。故选 A项。9A.in case Bif Ceven if Dafter答案与解析：B 如果作者需要什么东西，父亲会让他问母亲。根据语境可知选 B项，if引导条件状语从句。10A.letters Bemails Cquestions Dcalls答案与解析：D根据下文“when I phoned from school”可知，作者从学校打来电话，父亲甚至会拒接。故选 D项。11A.got fond of Bgot tired of 6Cgot familiar with Dgot accustomed to答案与解析：D上文作者回忆了很多事
25、，写出与父亲前后关系的变化，随着时间的推移，作者习惯了(got accustomed to)这些变化。根据语境可知选 D项。get fond of 意为“喜欢上” ；get tired of 意为“对厌倦” ；get familiar with 意为“对熟悉” 。12A.helped Bsupported Cloved Dmissed答案与解析：C根据上文可知，作者认为父亲没有兴趣和他聊天，拒接电话，对他漠不关心，因此觉得父亲或许不再爱(loved)他。故选 C项。help 意为“帮助” ；support 意为“支持；拥护” ；miss 意为“想念；错失” 。13A.behavior Batt
26、itude Cmanner Daction答案与解析：A根据本段最后一句“I hated myself for my _behavior.”可知，本空是原词复现。随着时间的推移，作者开始思考自己的行为(behavior)是否正确。故选 A项。attitude 意为“态度” ；manner 意为“举止；方式” ；action 意为“行动” 。14A.often Balways Cseldom Dnever答案与解析：B有一天母亲告诉作者每次他打电话，父亲总是(always)在旁边听着。故选 B项。15A.casual Brude Ccold Dcruel答案与解析：C听了母亲的话，作者开始讨厌自
27、己对父亲冷漠的(cold)行为。故选 C项。casual 意为“随便的” ；rude 意为“粗鲁的” ；cruel 意为“残忍的” 。16A.apologise to Bwrite to Ctalk with Dconsult with答案与解析：A根据前文可知，作者已经意识到自己的行为有错，故想要找机会道歉，apologise to意为“向道歉” ，故选 A项。consult with 意为“请教；商讨” 。17A.excited Bconfused Ctouched Dpleased答案与解析：C根据下文“I realized then that my fathers love for m
28、e had never disappeared.”可知，作者意识到父亲对他的爱从未消失过，因此，收到父亲的短信他非常感动(touched)。结合语境及后面的 by可知选 C项。excited 意为“兴奋的” ；confused意为“困惑的” ；pleased 意为“高兴的” 。18A.letter Bcard 7Cgift Dreply答案与解析：D根据上文可知，作者收到了父亲的短信，根据下文“Thank you，my dear father.”可知，作者回复了短信。故选 D项。根据第19空后的 when he received my reply也可得出答案。19A.upset Bhappy
29、Csad Dnervous答案与解析：B根据下文“.from morning till night.”可知，父亲收到作者的回复后，非常开心(happy)。根据语境可知选 B项。20. Awaited Bsigned Chesitated Dsmiled答案与解析：D根据前文可知，父亲收到作者的回复很开心，所以从早上笑(smiled)到晚上。故选 D项。四、单句改错。1The mistakes in your homework shouldnt be overlooking, or youll keep them forever._答案：overlookingoverlooked overloo
30、k 与 mistakes之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。2In term of education, I first thank all my teachers who have devoted themselves to their profession._答案：termterms in terms of “就来说；从角度” 。3Fortunate, the fire was discovered soon after it had started._答案：FortunateFortunately 副词作状语修饰整个句子，故应将 fortunate改为fortunately。4The September 11 attack has condemned by the entire international community._答案：has 后加 been 现在完成时的被动语态的构成：have been过去分词。9.11恐怖袭击应是“被谴责” ，故应在 has后加 been。5When the interview was finished, I was shown in._8答案：inout show sb. in “带某人进来” ；show sb. out“带某人出去” 。由句意可知后一短语符合语境。
